Impact of Aging and Obesity on Insulin Parameters, T4/T3 Ratios, Metabolic Rates, Sirtuins and Longevity in Congenic LA/Ntul//-cp (Corpulent) Rats | Chapter 2 | Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 5

The integrated effects of aging on thyroidal function and other hormonal and regulatory aspects of metabolism are important elements in various aspects of aging and longevity. Changes in thyroidal activity occur in aging, where they typically exhibit a U-shaped curve for plasma TSH concentrations, with variable responses in other parameters of thyroidal function and peripheral physiological actions and their pathophysiologic sequelae. The LA/Ntul//-cp rat strain, developed from a cross between a Koletsky Rat and an NIH longevity-prone LA/N strain of unknown origin exhibits one of the longest life spans of the various rodent strains that express a trait for early onset obesity in association with impairments in sympathetic and thyroidal components of non-shivering thermogenesis, insulin resistance and energy metabolism. To determine the effects of aging and obesity from adolescence through much of the projected lifespan of the obese phenotype, groups of congenic lean and obese female LA/Ntul//-cp rats were studied from 4 until 24 months of age denoting this design comprised the projected lifespan of the obese phenotype. Measures of Resting Metabolic rates (RMR), fasting plasma insulin and glucose, T3, T4, the plasma half-life of T4, and computation of T4/T3 ratios were determined as an indication of the capacity for deiodination of T4 to T3 in peripheral tissues and its cumulative effects on RMR. Body weight of obese >>> lean at all ages studied. Plasma Insulin was significantly elevated in the obese phenotype, and decreased with advancing age, while plasma glucose remained within the normal fasting range in all rats of both phenotypes. RMR of lean > obese at all ages studied and decreased with advancing age in both phenotypes. Liver T4-5’ deiodinase activity of lean > obese at all ages studied. Plasma T4/T3 ratios decreased with aging in both phenotypes, with the greatest decrease in the obese phenotype. The T1/2 of 131I-T4 was over 40 % longer in the obese phenotype littermates at 4 months of age (p=< 0.01). These results suggest that conversion of T4 to T3 in peripheral tissues in association with attenuation of hyperinsulinemia contributes to decreases in RMR with aging and is further decreased in the obese phenotype, thereby decreasing the quantifiable availability of tissue T3 mass for thyroidal actions at the genomic level, including decreases in harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other entities as products of intermediary metabolism. Thus, the progressive decreases in plasma insulin and deiodination-mediated activation of T4 may represent a longevity attribute via decreases in resting metabolic rates, and in an associated attenuation of free radical generation and other metabolic factors of aging and longevity in this strain.

 

Author (s) Details

Orien L Tulp
Colleges of Medicine and Graduate Studies, University of Science Arts and Technology, Montserrat, British West Indies.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v5/4161

Rock Destruction and Dangerous Geodynamic Processes in the Earth: A Review | Chapter 11 | Fundamental Research and Application of Physical Science Vol. 1

 Investigations of rock demolition and metamorphic processes under different thermodynamic environments are among the most detracting global and seismological metallurgy problems. Solving the mentioned questions is only possible by painstakingly studying rock stability. It was deliberate earlier that few material’s destruction occurs when not completely one stress tensor component reaches a fault-finding value called “material endurance”. However, the conducted reasoning allowed us to conclude that specific a notion is correct only for comparably short-term action and is inappropriate for prolonged stress to mark. Instead of “durability”, we suggest utilizing the notion of “endurance”. Based on detailed hypothetical analysis, we propose a new physicalmathematical beginning describing the demolition process as a phase transition. According to this direction, the formation of a microfault (the incident of a space with maximum stress aggregation) marks the beginning of a new aspect. The development of such a new idea allows for the acknowledgment of new relationships between the demolition process on one help and time, strength, hotness, pressure, and rock crystal mesh characteristics on the other. It was found that the generation of microfaults results in the issuance of a specific number of seismo-acoustic drives. The intensity of the process devastation is determined by the number of impulses per period unit, and the fluctuation frequency signifies the size of the forming microfaults. We suggest that a worldwide change in terrestrial rocks caused by various tangible factors (metamorphism) be judged using the common approach by regarding the process as a phase change. As a result, some conclusions from the rock demolition analysis can be transferred to metamorphic processes. The proposed idea allows for processes for forecasting dangerous basaltic events and listening the longevity of various surface and subversive structures, in the way that buildings, mines, and reservoirs, as well as additional artificial and unrefined structures.

Author(s) Details:

A. L. Aleinikov,
Institute of Geophysics, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 100 Amundsen St., Ekaterinburg, Russia.

V. T. Belikov,
Institute of Geophysics, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 100 Amundsen St., Ekaterinburg, Russia.

L. V. Eppelbaum,
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.

N. I. Nemzorov,
Institute of Geophysics, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 100 Amundsen St., Ekaterinburg, Russia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/FRAPS-V1/article/view/10038

Studies on Seed Viability of Some Cowpea Cultivars Inoculated with Single and Mixed Virus Isolates| Chapter 12 | Research Highlights in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 6

 This research proposed at investigating and analyzing the effects of bacterium infections on children quality of few selected cultivars of cowpea. Thus, a field study was transported at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University (ABU), Zaria, Mokwa Station (090211 N and 50135 E, 201 m above sea level) located in the Southern Guinea Savanna zone of Nigeria to gain this. The site was emptied, ploughed, harrowed and crinkled at 0.75 m apart before marked out into plots and replications. The trial was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) copied three opportunities. Three cowpea seeds of each cultivar were planted after fertilizer with Apron – star (methylthiuram + metalaxyl + carboxin) at the of rate 3.0 kg children per 10 g of the fungicide. Seeds were planted at an intra and inter–row organize of 0.30 × 0.75 m along the hills and later thinned to two per stand at 2 weeks following in position or time sowing (WAS). Four independent troubles were conducted together, for single and assorted infections. Twenty-five cultivars of seedlings were introduced at 10 days after sowing (DAS) for the sole viral contamination and at 17 DAS for the mixed bug infection. Seed being was determined at the Crop Production Laboratory, Department of Crop Production, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria. The results presented that all the test cultivars were susceptible to alone and mixed contaminations of the two viruses but to various levels. The viability of sources from single contamination with CMeV was slight in few instances, also, test of increased ageing for four weeks registered that source vigour was seriously injured as compared to the additional three virus situations even when seeds being was not much injured. The test cowpea cultivars also written fewer pods accompanying poor source yield in both distinct and mixed bug infections.

Author(s) Details:

A. A. Ahmed,
Department of Crop Protection, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria.

A. C. Wada,
Department of Crop Production, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria and National Cereals Research Institute, Badeggi, Yandev Station, Gboko, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHAS-V6/article/view/8851

Multicomponent Exercise: A Non-pharmaceutical Intervention for a Healthier and Long Life | Chapter 04 | Emerging Trends in Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

 Any activity that expends more energy than I metabolic equivalent is referred to be physical activity (MET). An energy expenditure of less than 1.5 METS is commonly referred to as sedentary behaviour. Exercise, on the other hand, is a planned, repetitive, and purposeful workout that is a part of PA. More than 1.5 METS are spent as a result of this. Light-intensity activities use less than three METs, moderate-intensity activities use three to six METs, and intense activities use six or more METs. Exercise guidelines are provided by the majority of major professional groups across the world. For most adults, this is 150 minutes of moderate to high-intensity aerobic exercise per week and two days of weight training per week. This programme has benefits for almost every bodily system. Most major non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and cancer, have lower morbidity and mortality rates when people exercise. Furthermore, the healthy lifespan has increased significantly. The benefits of following a suggested fitness regimen are briefly reviewed in this book. There is also a discussion of the possible adverse effects.

Author(S) Details

Shashi K. Agarwal
2227 US Highway 1, #309, North Brunswick, NJ 08902,US.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ETDHR-V7/article/view/6591

Determining the Physiological Mechanisms Involved in Longer Life Span! | Chapter 12 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 6

 Ageing is without a doubt the most perplexing trait that occurs in humans. Highly specialised technologies are emerging for the entire treatment of ageing and associated disorders, revealing important insight into the underlying mechanisms and providing new hope for previously treatable diseases. Previous studies have discovered a correlation between human social interactions and life expectancy. There is a drop in mitochondrial activity as well as changes in nuclear chromatin as people get older. Multiple organ failure is linked to animal ageing, while in humans, age-related degeneration is the predominant factor. Naked mole-rats with low levels of circulating methionine lived longer, implying a natural life-extension phenotype comparable to that seen in methionine-restricted species. As a result of health-improvement measures, people have lived longer. Humans of varied families age at different rates, and those who have outlived their peers provide promise for understanding why some people age more slowly than others. The purpose of this research is to identify the most important factors that contribute to lifespan. The newest advances in cutting-edge technology applied across the realm of ageing research, including developing model organisms, high-throughput techniques, and machine-driven approaches, are described in this paper. Overall, this collection of articles will provide you a taste of what will be driving the field forward.

Author (S) Details

Kartheek R. Balapala
School of Medicine, Copper belt University, Zambia.

Victor Mwanakasale
School of Medicine, Copper belt University, Zambia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V6/article/view/2770

Monitoring the Changes in Germination Characteristics and Seedling Growth between Storage and Non-storage of Primed Tall Fescue Seed | Chapter 9 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 7

 Seeds are normally sown directly in the field or stored for short periods of time in seed priming studies. Priming allows seeds to be hydrated to a degree that allows pre-germination metabolic activity to occur while preventing radicle emergence. After priming, the seeds may be dried back to their original moisture content. The aim of this study was to see how storage affected tall fescue seed that had been primed. The seeds were primed using hydropriming and osmopriming methods in this analysis. For osmopriming, the water osmotic potential was between -1.5 and -2.2 MPa. The seeds were divided into two groups after drying. The seeds in the first group were packed in aluminium foil bags and held at 25°C for up to a year, while the seeds in the second group were used for an un-stored germination test. In most treatments, germination percentage for primed seeds stored at 25°C for 1 year decreased significantly compared to un-stored primed seeds, but the control seeds (stored non-primed seeds) had the lowest germination value when compared to hydropriming for 1 day. The proportion of stored seeds that germinated was found to be slightly lower. Seeds that had been primed but had not been processed had shorter germination times than seeds that had been primed but had not been stored. Hydropriming can be recommended to increase seed germination efficiency without reducing the survival of tall fescue species, according to the findings. Hydropriming was known to increase germination efficiency without sacrificing durability among all priming treatments. Following storage conditions of F. arundinacea, hydropriming as a physiological treatment improved seed efficiency.

Author (s) Details

Behzad Behtari
Department of Rangeland Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O.Box: 46414-356, Noor, Iran.

Ghasem Ali Dianati Tilaki
Department of Rangeland Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O.Box: 46414-356, Noor, Iran.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CRAS-V7/article/view/605

Investigating the Effects of Host Grains on the Rice Weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) | Chapter 12 | Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 2

 The present study was conducted to observe the effect of host preference on Sitophilus oryzae, the most cosmopolitan pest that causes severe losses in rice, maize, barley, wheat, on ovipsis, adult emergence, adult body length, longevity and sex ratio. Investigations into the production of S. were carried out. Oryzae in laboratory conditions on the four major cereal crops of maize, rice, chick pea, and millet. The mean developmental time from egg to adult varied, with maize (32.5 days) being the lowest and millet (43 days) being the maximum. The male and female body length also differed in the test grains. Overall, the body lengths of the females in all the test grains were found to be longer than males. The fertility and longevity of the various grains have also been altered. With 453 adults over a lifetime of 184 days, the highest fertility and longevity were found in maize. The female: male ratio was not found to vary significantly in maize, rice and millet with regard to fertility. A substantial decrease (maize- 2.36:1, rice- 2.35:1 and millet- 2.21:1) was observed in chick peas, i.e. 1.98:1. The current study showed that there was a linear association and a strong connection between grain loss and the amount of adult emergence. All the stages of the life cycle were found to be highest in the maize, starting from the form of egg laying to the emergence. The study also indicates that maize was rich in carbohydrates, which increased the insects' size, fertility and longevity. Therefore, maize is the best grain suitable for rising S. Insects of Oryzae.

Author (s) Details

Miss. Bhumi Thakkar
Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara- 390002, India.

Prof. Pragna Parikh
Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara- 390002, India.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/288

Recent Studies on the Longevity and Fecundity of Gasteroclisus rhomboidalis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Amaranthus Species | Chapter 7 | Current Research in Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences Vol.1

 Both the cultivated and the wild spinach (Amaranthus species) have been found to be host to an

important beetle pest Gasteroclisus rhomboidalis. The longevity of the beetles was studied under a
variety of conditions. It was observed that the life span of the beetles varied widely with the beetles
capable of leaving up to 70 days (about 42 days 0n the average). The beetles generally lived longer
under the ambient condition than inside room condition. Studies on the survivorship of the immature
stages of the beetles revealed that the larva has the highest mortality rate amongst stages with the
egg being the highest surviving stage. Studies on the fecundity of the female adult beetles showed
that about 80% of their life span is utilised in egg-laying. On the average, about 2½ eggs are laid per
day (i.e. about 5 eggs laid within 2 days).

Author (s) Details

Ekechukwu, Nkiru Esther
Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.

C. Eluwa, Michael
Department of Biological Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/267