Effect of IASTM on Low Back Pain Patients: Study Protocol | Chapter 4 | Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 9

 

Background: Since low back pain (LBP) is associated with both disability and absenteeism, it is an important public health concern that often results in referrals to medical services. LBP is positioned below the costal edge and above the gluteal curvature. Since up to two-thirds of adults experience LBP at some point in their life, it is the most common musculoskeletal ailment. The literature has documented a variety of treatment modalities for LBP, ranging from electro-physical agents to patient education, contingent on the severity of the symptoms. Even with treatment for LBP, recurrence is prevalent, necessitating the use of an increasingly effective method such as IASTM. In addition to conventional treatment for low back pain, it has been a popular therapeutic strategy for myofascial constriction in recent years. Very few publications have examined the impact of IASTM on low back pain, according to a literature search. Thus, the goal of this research is to determine how well IASTM works for those with low back discomfort.

 

Methodology: All participants coming to Physiotherapy OPD were screened as per the routine musculoskeletal assessment. Those who met the inclusion criteria and were willing to participate in the study were requested to fill out the informed consent form. Those participants who fell under the exclusion criteria were excluded from the study. Participants were randomly allocated to either the Interventional group or the control group with the use of simple randomization. Once the assessment was completed the patients were treated as per the treatment protocol devised for the Interventional group or control group respectively. Patients in both groups (Interventional group and control group) received 2 days of treatment (on 1st day and 7th day) in a week.

 

Outcome Measures: Primary outcome–Modified Schober's test, Secondary outcome: Visual Analog scale, Oswestry disability index.

 

Statistical Analysis:  Both descriptive and inferential statistics were done with taking help of a Biostatistician. The latest version of SPSS software available with the Biostatistician was used for doing the statistical analysis.

 

Conclusion: This study protocol presents an RCT on the efficacy of IASTM and General Back exercises in patients with Low back pain. The results of this RCT will be helpful in contributing better insights into the efficacy of IASTM on pain levels, range of motion of the lumbar spine and activities of daily living performance in LBP subjects.

 

Clinical Trial Registration: The study is registered with the Clinical Trials Registry-India (CTRI), with the registration number for the trial being CTRI/2023/05/052764.

 

Author(s) Details

Noel Samuel Macwan
College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Piparia, Waghodia, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India.

 

Vandit Gandhi
College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Piparia, Waghodia, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ibs/v9/1254

 

In vivo and In vitro Oxidative Stress Studies of Membrane Alterations (Fluidity and Permeability) in Mammalian Red Blood Cells |Chapter 10 | Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 10

 

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of vitamin E and polyphenols (red wine polyphenols, resveratrol, and catechin) on fluidity (fluorescence anisotropy) and anion permeability for chloride of membrane on mammalian erythrocytes respectively exposed to the water-soluble free radical initiator 2.2’-azobis-2 amidinopropan dihydrochloride (AAPH) and trained horses.

 

Methods: The animals were ten Arabian strain horses, 6-8 years old, trained for Cross country, and six horses at rest. Membranes are tested for diphenylhexatriene fluorescence anisotropy in red blood cell membranes by Perrin plot.

 

The reducing agent treatment efficacy was observed by the evaluation of anion permeability for chloride in red blood cells (RBCs).

 

Anion permeability for chloride is an indicator of membrane protein damage and is evaluated in RBCs by the specific absorption of methemoglobin (CM) at 590 and 635 nm after treatment of heparinized blood with NaNO2.

 

Results: Fluorescence anisotropy is abruptly worsened in erythrocyte membranes from exercised animals and almost restored after vitamin E treatment of membrane preparations and P > 0.05 by ANOVA.

 

Polyphenol treatment is associated with a significant increase in anion permeability for chloride compared with control and AAPH-affected cells.

 

Discussion: Fluorescence anisotropy is abruptly worsened in erythrocyte membranes from exercised animals and almost restored after vitamin E treatment of membrane preparations.

 

In this study, it is evident that after In vitro oxidative damage of the membrane, red wine polyphenol extracts act as effective reducing agents and also as a CM indicator of membrane protein damage. Consequently, both red wine and polyphenol extracts both alone and mixed among them efficiently relieve the effects of oxidative stress.

 

Author(s) Details

Giuseppe Gallo
Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Laboratory of Cell Physiology, University of Calabria, Rende (CS) 87036, Italy.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ibs/v10/1947

The Science of Recovery: Optimising Post-Exercise Muscle Healing | Chapter 7 | Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 13

This chapter provides an in‐depth examination of muscle recovery following exercise, focusing on the complex physiological processes that underlie muscle healing and adaptation. It details the inflammatory response, muscle protein synthesis, and the role of satellite cells, as well as the critical functions of oxygen and nutrient delivery. The chapter integrates traditional recovery practices—such as sleep, nutrition, and physical therapies—with advanced interventions including cryotherapy, pneumatic compression, blood flow restriction (BFR) therapy, low‐level laser therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and electrical muscle stimulation. Emerging technologies, such as wearable sensors and AI‐driven recovery platforms, are highlighted for their role in providing personalised recovery strategies. Future trends in genomic and proteomic profiling, along with regenerative medicine approaches like stem cell therapy, are also discussed.

 

Author (s) Details

Shubham Bharad (PT)
College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v13/5177

Haematological Parameters and Glutathione Peroxidase Activity in High-Level and Low Professional Rugby Players on Full Season | Chapter 4 | Cutting Edge Research in Biology Vol. 5

 The objective concerning this work is to test the effect of preparation and competition charge oxidative stress, haematological and biochemical (GPX) parameters, and container damage markers in a sport players during a cutthroat season.The subjects were 12 Italian a sport players who belonged to Italian a sport teams (National Rugby Championship, namely the Italian Championship group C South). Both haematological and biochemical (GPX) parameters were examined accompanying and without artificial addition of vitamin C.Seventeen professional a sport players from the alike team playing in the top French professional a sport championship and in the top European professional a sport championship participated in this place study. Concentation of α -tocopherol was determined utilizing HPLC. Neutrophils were determined with a Coulter STKS means.GPX data show that allure activity is increased apiece in vitro adding of Vitamin C (48 μ M final concentration), two together in controls and rugby performers. Haematological data reveal important changes in the particulate part of blood from rugby performers both before and subsequently one match and establish structural damage in this place fraction. This type of strenuous exercise decays GPX activity, and ascorbic acid lessens this damage. Complete blood cell counts of athletes confirm blood cell damage.Intense periods of preparation and competition induced a considerably higher burning of haematological and biochemical parameters than those observed at the citation time.In conclusion, a sport players have obvious container count derangements, and water-soluble lowering Vitamin C alleviates oxidative damage in samples from test subjects the one have been endanger full match fatigue.The results further suggest that oxidative stress and antioxidant calculation are significant in the biological effect of athletes.

Author(s) Details:

G. Gallo,
Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS)-87036, Italy.

S. Mazzulla,
Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS)-87036, Italy.

G. Martino,
Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS)-87036, Italy.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CERB-V5/article/view/9791

Haematological Parameters and Glutathione Peroxidase Activity in High-Level and Low Professional Rugby Players on Full Season | Chapter 4 | Cutting Edge Research in Biology Vol. 5

 The objective concerning this work is to test the effect of preparation and competition charge oxidative stress, haematological and biochemical (GPX) parameters, and container damage markers in a sport players during a competing season.The subjects were 12 Italian a sport players who belonged to Italian a sport teams (National Rugby Championship, namely the Italian Championship group C South). Both haematological and biochemical (GPX) parameters were examined accompanying and without artificial addition of vitamin C.Seventeen professional a sport players from the alike team playing in the top French professional a sport championship and in the top European professional a sport championship participated in this place study. Concentation of α -tocopherol was determined utilizing HPLC. Neutrophils were determined with a Coulter STKS mechanism.GPX data show that allure activity is increased apiece in vitro adding of Vitamin C (48 μ M final concentration), two together in controls and rugby performers. Haematological data reveal important changes in the particulate part of blood from rugby performers both before and afterwards one match and ratify structural damage in this place fraction. This type of strenuous exercise decays GPX activity, and ascorbic acid lessens this damage. Complete blood cell counts of athletes confirm blood cell damage.Intense periods of preparation and competition induced a considerably higher decay of haematological and biochemical parameters than those observed at the citation time.In conclusion, a sport players have obvious container count derangements, and water-soluble lowering Vitamin C alleviates oxidative damage in samples from test subjects the one have been assign full match fatigue.The results too suggest that oxidative stress and antioxidant calculation are significant in the biological effect of athletes.

Author(s) Details:

G. Gallo,
Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS)-87036, Italy.

S. Mazzulla,
Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS)-87036, Italy.

G. Martino,
Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS)-87036, Italy.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CERB-V5/article/view/9791

Determination of Exercise Predictors of Self-reported Sexual Performance among Healthy Adults| Chapter 3 | Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 4

 The reason for the review was to decide whether a bunch of activity factors including exercise recurrence, practice power, practice time, and exercise type could foresee self-revealed sexual execution among sound grown-ups. The example comprised of 509 members going in ages from 18-74 who finished a 30-thing survey on practice recurrence, power, time, and type and sexual execution markers. Self-detailed sexual execution was recognized as recurrence of sexual excitement, capacity to be effortlessly stirred, number of climaxes in a solitary sexual episode, simplicity of climax, recurrence of sex, and sexual excitement then loss of interest. Calculated relapse examination uncovered that practice force relapse models could foresee the recurrence of sexual excitement, recurrence of sexual craving, recurrence of sex, and number of climaxes in a solitary sexual episode with high precision. Just the recurrence of sexual craving was essentially anticipated by practice recurrence relapse models.

Author(s) Details:

Duston Morris,
Department of Health Sciences, University of Central Arkansas, Doyne Health Sciences Center, 321, 201 Donaghey Ave. Conway, AR 72035, USA.

S. Alexandra Marshall,
Department of Health Behavior & Health Education, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Street, slot 820, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA.

Denise Demers,
Department of Health Behavior & Health Education, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Street, slot 820, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CODHR-V4/article/view/8001

Multicomponent Exercise: A Non-pharmaceutical Intervention for a Healthier and Long Life | Chapter 04 | Emerging Trends in Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

 Any activity that expends more energy than I metabolic equivalent is referred to be physical activity (MET). An energy expenditure of less than 1.5 METS is commonly referred to as sedentary behaviour. Exercise, on the other hand, is a planned, repetitive, and purposeful workout that is a part of PA. More than 1.5 METS are spent as a result of this. Light-intensity activities use less than three METs, moderate-intensity activities use three to six METs, and intense activities use six or more METs. Exercise guidelines are provided by the majority of major professional groups across the world. For most adults, this is 150 minutes of moderate to high-intensity aerobic exercise per week and two days of weight training per week. This programme has benefits for almost every bodily system. Most major non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and cancer, have lower morbidity and mortality rates when people exercise. Furthermore, the healthy lifespan has increased significantly. The benefits of following a suggested fitness regimen are briefly reviewed in this book. There is also a discussion of the possible adverse effects.

Author(S) Details

Shashi K. Agarwal
2227 US Highway 1, #309, North Brunswick, NJ 08902,US.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ETDHR-V7/article/view/6591

Study on Cardiovascular Changes in Exercise | Chapter 18 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 11

 Physical activity is the most extreme form of stress that the body is exposed to throughout daily life. The body must make rapid and integrated cellular and organ-system adaptations to fulfil the body's metabolic, thermal, and fluid demands during an acute bout of exercise. Exercise physiology is the study of the physical and chemical processes that allow chemical energy to be converted into mechanical work. Energy is required for both the contraction and relaxation processes in skeletal muscle. Exercise physiology research reveals the regulatory mechanisms that make energy available to skeletal muscles during acute exercise and allow for slower changes during training. The main goal of cardiovascular alterations during exercise is to provide enough oxygenated blood to exercising muscle at a rate that matches their metabolic needs. Cardiovascular reactions help to achieve this. The goal of this study is to see how determinants of heart performance work during exercise.

Author(S) Details

Shelja Deswal
Department of Physiology, Pt. BD Sharma, PGIMS, Rohtak-124001, India.

Kiran Dahiya
Department of Biochemistry, Pt. BD Sharma, PGIMS, Rohtak-124001, India.

Mridul Yadav
Department of Physiology, Pt. BD Sharma, PGIMS, Rohtak-124001, India.

. Beena
Department of Physiology, Pt. BD Sharma, PGIMS, Rohtak-124001, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V11/article/view/3704

Influence of Age and Regular Exercise on Blood Pressure in Female Subjects: A Descriptive Study| Chapter 6 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol.10

Background and Objectives: A sedentary lifestyle is a leading cause of disease, disability, and mortality. Sedentary behaviour has been linked to an increased risk of hypertension and pre-hypertension in numerous studies. In comparison to heavy labourers, light workers had five times the rate of coronary heart disease. Premature coronary heart disease is caused by a combination of poor diet and lack of physical activity. Inactivity not only shortens life expectancy by predisposing to age-related disorders, but it also has an effect on the ageing process through oxidative stress. The current study was aimed to assess the influence of sedentary lifestyle and age on blood pressure because sedentary lifestyle is a key risk factor for hypertension development.

100 healthy sedentary and non-sedentary female volunteers aged 25-55 years were randomly selected from Gadag's general population. For analysis, subjects were separated into three age groups based on their age. Blood pressure was recorded in the supine position in the right upper limb using an auscultatory approach with a mercury sphygmomanometer after 30 minutes of physical and mental relaxation. At 15-minute intervals, three readings were obtained, and the average of the three values was calculated and compared across three groups.

When compared to non-sedentary subjects, sedentary subjects in all three groups experienced a statistically significant increase in systolic blood pressure. The diastolic blood pressure of sedentary patients was found to be higher in all three groups, with statistically significant increases in groups two and three.

 

Author(s) Details:

Jayalakshmi M. K,
Department of Physiology, Gadag Institute of Medical Sciences, Gadag, Karnataka, India.

D. M. Chandrashekhar,
Department of Physiology, Gadag Institute of Medical Sciences, Gadag, Karnataka, India.

 

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V10/article/view/5985

The Balance between Carbohydrate and Fat Utilization at Rest and in Progressive Intensity Exercise in the Insulin Resistence | Chapter 05 | Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

 The goal of this study is to look at how insulin resistance affects the balance of carbohydrate and fat utilisation at rest and during escalating intensity exercise. The use of a predetermined percentage of maximum VO2 for intensity control is a frequent characteristic of many research that examined substrate balance in people with insulin resistance, diabetes, and obesity.

Twelve sedentary male individuals were separated into two groups based on their insulin resistance index (>RI and RI) (HOMA-IR). Carbohydrate and fat utilisation at rest, the crossover point, the exercise intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation (Fatmax), and carbohydrate and fat utilisation at Fatmax were all studied using indirect calorimetry. The MANN-WHITNEY test was used to compare all variables.

The Fatmax (37,357,99 vs. 39,813,84 percent VO2max) and Crossover points (40,087,19 vs. 40,675,12 percent VO2max) were not significantly different across the groups. At rest (0,0950,009 vs. 0,0690,028 g/min, 0,2440,082 vs. 0,2500,073 g/min, fat and carbohydrate, respectively) and at Fatmax (0,3970,087 vs. 0,2300,076 g/min, 0,6890,229 vs. 0,8670,222 g/min, fat and carbohydrate, respectively), no significant

Insulin resistance had no effect on the Crossover and Fatmax points, as well as the substrate balance at rest and at Fatmax.

Author(S) Details

Fabiano de Macedo Salgueirosa
Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba - PR, Brazil.

Maria Gisele dos Santos
Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba - PR, Brazil.

Richard B. Kreider
Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab/Human Clinical Research Facility, Texas A&M University, USA.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDMMR-V7/article/view/5760

Intradialytic Cardiovascular Exercise Training Alters Redox Status, Reduces Inflammation and Improves Physical Performance in End Stage Renal Disease Patients under Hemodialysis | Chapter 3 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 13

 Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterised by redox status (RS) disturbances and inflammation, which are significantly aggravated in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (ESRD).

The goal of this study was to see how effective a 6-month intradialytic exercise training programme was at reducing RS, inflammation, and physical performance in ESRD patients.

Materials and Procedures: For six months, twenty hemodialysis (HD) patients (17 males, 3 females) were randomly allocated to either an intradialytic training (bedside cycling) group (TR; n = 10) or a control group (CON; n = 10) for intradialytic training (bedside cycling). Physical performance (VO2peak), functional capacity [North Staffordshire Royal Infirmary (NSRI) walk test, sit-to-stand test (STS-60)], quality of life [(short form-36 (SF-36)], RS [thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyls (PC), reduced (GSH) and oxidised (GSSG) glutathione, GSH/GSSG ratio, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase activity (

Results: Only in TR (p 0.01) did peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) increase by 15%. Only TR's performance improved by 4–13% in NSRI, STS-60, and SF-36 (p 0.01). Exercise training decreased TBARS by 28%, PC by 31%, and hs-CRP by 15%, while increasing GSH by 52%, GSH/GSSG ratio by 51%, TAC by 59 percent, and CAT by 15% (p 0.01).

Conclusion: Chronic intradialytic cardiovascular exercise modifies RS, decreases inflammation, and improves performance in patients with ESRD, according to these data. Future research will need to look into this circumstance with a larger sample size in order to draw safe conclusions.

Author(S) Details

Apostolos Sovatzidis
Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.

Athanasios Chatzinikolaou
School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Komotini, Greece.

Ioannis G. Fatouros
School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100 Trikala, Greece.

Stylianos Panagoutsos
Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.

Dimitrios Draganidis
School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100 Trikala, Greece.

Eirini Nikolaidou
Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery & Burns ICU, General Hospital of Thessaloniki “G. Papanikolaou”, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece.

Alexandra Avloniti
School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Komotini, Greece.

Yiannis Michailidis
School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Komotini, Greece.

Ioannis Mantzouridis
School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Komotini, Greece.

Alexios Batrakoulis
School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100 Trikala, Greece.

Ploumis Pasadakis
Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.

Vassilis Vargemezis
Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V13/article/view/5024

Classroom Activities for Schools & Universities: A Manual for Teachers and Students | Book Publisher International

 Classroom Activities for Schools & Universities: A Manual for Teachers and Students | Book Publisher International

The goal of this research is to find classroom-appropriate activities and exercises. In the mid-1970s, deep and surface learning research studies that revealed student approaches to learning first surfaced, and these investigations identified the qualitatively distinct ways that students approach learning. A surface approach to learning is one in which pupils are motivated by a fear of failure and attempt to achieve the task's requirements with the bare minimum of effort. The goal of this exercise is for students to determine what they want to accomplish during the semester right from the start. This could be in the form of improved abilities, language, or even increased self-confidence. A sample can be found below; instead of class, it can be changed to tasks. Role-playing activities expose students to "real-world" scenarios, allowing them to better comprehend topics and concepts while also allowing them to connect with others and build critical thinking and decision-making abilities. When students are requested to give class presentations or reports, panel discussions are especially effective since they allow the entire class to participate in the presentation.

Students are given a study topic and asked to make presentations.

Author(s) Details

Suhaila Ebrahim AlHashemi
Department of Management, College of Economics & Political Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CASUMTS/article/view/2748

The Effect of Short-term Creatine Supplementation Suppresses the Cortisol Response to a HighIntensity Swim-Sprint Workout| Chapter 14 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 14

 The primary goal of this study was to look at the effects of creatine on the metabolic hormone cortisol in male swimmers. The study included seventeen male swimmers (24.5 3.9 years) with at least 5 years of competitive swimming experience and swimming training at least four times per week. Subjects took creatine (20 g/day) plus maltodextrin (1 g/kg/day) or maltodextrin (1 g/kg/day) only for 6 days before a progressive swim-sprint workout. The swim-sprint workout consisted of eight progressive 100-meter freestyle sets beginning at 65 percent maximal intensity and progressing to a 100 percent maximum capacity set on the eighth and final set. Cortisol levels were measured both before and after the swim-sprint workout (within 5 minutes). There was a significant reduction in cortisol concentrations following the progressive swim-sprint workout in the creatine + maltodextrin group (15.5 0.99 g/dL) compared to the maltodextrin only group (18.33 2.61 g/dL) after 6 days of creatine monohydrate supplementation. Based on these findings, it appears that creatine loading (20 grams per day for 6 days) significantly reduces the cortisol response to progressive intensity 100-meter freestyle swimming sets. This discovery could be useful for athletes who are putting in a lot of effort.

Author (S) Details

V. Dobgenski
Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.

M. G. Santos
Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.

B. Campbell
Department of Physical Education and Exercise Science, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.

Dr. R. B. Kreider
Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V14/article/view/1660

Hormonal Responses to Exercise | Chapter 4 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 13

 This chapter discusses stress hormones, which are produced in diverse levels into the bloodstream and cause a typical physiological reaction to various types and modes of exercise. The intensity, duration, kind of exercise, gender, and age all influence the hormone response to exercise. The consequences differ between trained and untrained athletes. Hormones are secreted in a variety of ways. o The consequences of diurnal variation have been discussed as well. Other than exercise, many triggers such as hypoglycemia, caffeine, hypoxia, glucagon, and hypercapnia can significantly increase hormone responsiveness. The chapter provides an overview of the literature on growth hormone, cortisol, testosterone, and catecholamines, as well as acute and chronic effects. On various hormones, aerobic, anaerobic, resistance, and endurance workouts have different impacts.

Author (S) Details

Dr. Sarika Chaudhary
Department of Sports Sciences and Medicine, MYAS – GNDU, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.

Shweta Shenoy
Department of Sports Sciences and Medicine, MYAS – GNDU, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V13/article/view/1543

Effects of Carbohydrates Supplementation and Physical Exercise: A Review | Chapter 9 | Challenges in Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

 Carbohydrates are by far the most common biomolecule on the planet. They are critical for muscle contraction during long-duration moderate-intensity exercise and short-duration high-intensity exercise [1,2]. A large number of studies have been conducted on the ergogenic effects of dietary capital in sports performance [3]. Carbohydrates are essential for muscle contraction during sustained moderate-intensity exercise and short-duration high-intensity exercise. Based on this data, this article aims to review the physiological and biochemical concepts and meanings of carbohydrates; look for a link between carbohydrate consumption and daily studies; and primarily examine the links between carbohydrate consumption and physical efficiency, before, throughout, and after competition. To perform the review, a broad search for papers and scientific studies was conducted first, and then the results were filtered using the most recent articles. Athlete strength has a direct impact on his physical output [4]. The amount of stored glycogen increases during the pre-competition period, preventing depletion [5]. During competition, supplementation is used to replace missing fluids and carbohydrates [6]. It is important to rehydrate, replenish glycogen reserves, and restore electrolyte balance after a competition [3]. Literature reviews have been studied as significant connectors in the advancement of science. More studies should be conducted to determine the optimal carbohydrate intake for each sport. The amount of stored glycogen increases during the pre-competition period, preventing depletion [5]. During competition, supplementation is used to replace missing fluids and carbohydrates [6]. It is important to rehydrate, replenish glycogen reserves, and restore electrolyte balance after a competition [3]. Literature reviews have been studied as significant connectors in the advancement of science. More studies should be conducted to determine the optimal carbohydrate intake for each sport.

Author (s) Details

Roscamp R.
Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Paraná, Brazil.

Santos M. G.
Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Paraná, Brazil.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CDHR-V7/article/view/923