Prevalence and Socio-economic Determinants of Tuberculosis among Patients in a Secondary Hospital in Southern Nigeria |Chapter 3 | Microbiology and Biotechnology Research: An Overview Vol. 5

 

Tuberculosis remains a leading cause of mortality, especially in countries with low socio-economic status. Socio-economic determinants influence individuals’ health behaviours, access to healthcare resources, degree of exposure to certain diseases and environmental factors. The increase in Tuberculosis problem correlates with an increase in countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where intricate socio-economic factors such as malnutrition, poverty, homelessness, overcrowding, poor and delayed diagnosis, and poor drug susceptibility testing procedures are experienced. This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of tuberculosis and associated socio-economic determinants among patients attending Immanuel General Hospital in Eket, Akwa Ibom State. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 patients with presumptive tuberculosis diagnosis within a period of 12 months at Immanuel General Hospital Eket (IGHE). A structured questionnaire was administered to consenting patients for the collection of relevant data. Deep-cough sputum samples were collected from patients who were able to expectorate and processed according to the standard bacteriological method. Microscopic detection of acid-fast bacilli was carried out by the Ziehl-Neelsen method, while Mycobacterium tuberculosis was cultured in Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium and colonies identity was further confirmed using the SD BIOLINE rapid diagnostic test. Data for the study were collected with the aid of a structured questionnaire and analysed using SPSS software version 27. p-values less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. The confirmed prevalence of tuberculosis in this study was 27.3%. The infection rate was higher in males (29.4%) than in females (21.9%) and was significantly associated with age (P = .02) and employment status (P < .001) of patients. The study found a strong, significant association between TB prevalence and family size, number of people sleeping in a room, income level, number of times meals are taken per day, and previous TB exposure of patients (P ≤ .05). The prevalence of TB is high in IGHE and is significantly associated with some socioeconomic risk factors. The findings of this study support the social and economic determinants of health theory, highlighting the critical role of socio-economic factors in TB infection. This underscores the urgent need for targeted policy interventions by relevant government agencies to improve the socio-economic conditions of residents in Eket.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Etang UE
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria.

 

Richard RE
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.

 

Akpan NG
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria.

 

Etor VU
Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.

 

Ntekpere EI
Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot Osurua, Nigeria.

 

Dodoru TR
Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovations, College of Health Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria.

 

Michael AA
Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mbrao/v5/6356

Gallstones in Tikrit, Iraq: A Population–based Study on the Roles of Obesity, Gender, and Age | Chapter 1 | An Overview of Disease and Health Research Vol. 1

 

Background: Gallstone disease (Cholelithiasis) is among the most common gastrointestinal diseases across the globe. Its prevalence and the risk factors associated with it, however, vary markedly from one region to another. Although awareness of gallstone disease is rising in Iraq, data regarding its prevalence and associated risk factors are limited.

Aim: This study aimed to carry out an immense investigation into the prevalence of gallstones in Tikrit (Iraq) while trying to highlight sex, age, and body mass index (BMI) as risk factors.

Methods: Cross-sectional study executed on 468 grown individuals in Tikrit, Iraq, during the months spanning May to October in the year 2019. Diagnosis of gallstone prevalence was carried out via abdominal ultrasound, plus calculation of participants' BMIs through their heights and weights. SPSS software is used for data analysis. Chi-square tests coupled with logistic regression models were deployed to check associations between demographic variables and gallstone prevalence.

Results: The total prevalence of gallstones was 20.5%. Females (28.4%) were affected significantly more than males (12.4%). Individuals whose BMI ≥ 25 kg/m² had a significantly higher risk of the formation of gallstones (OR=3.41;95%CI:2.18–5.33). Age was not a significantly associated factor with the formation of gallstones.

Conclusion: Obesity, particularly in females, is the leading cause of gallstone disease in Tikrit, Iraq. Results from this study should prompt public health initiatives that direct efforts toward obesity as a predisposing factor, along with screening the vulnerable population at an early stage.

 

Author (s) Details

Abdulhadi M. Jumaa
Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Tikrit University, Iraq.

 

Ammar L. Hussein
Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Tikrit University, Iraq.

 

Meqdam A. Khalaf
Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Tikrit University, Iraq.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aodhr/v1/5254

Risk Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease Due to Hysterectomy in Type 2 Diabetic Women in Premenopausal Age Group | Chapter 8 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

 Background: Women with diabetes mellitus have twice the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) than non-diabetic women of the same age group and bearing the risk of MI in a non-diabetic male of the same age.

 

Aim: The present study aimed to determine the impact of hysterectomy in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus in premenopausal age, on the risk of CAD.

 

Methods: A total of 181 type 2 diabetic women who underwent exercise treadmill ECG testing in the hospital during a 30 months period were studied. Based on an arbitrary cut off age of 48 yrs subjects were assigned in group 1: age < 48 yrs (premenopausal) and group 2: age

 48 years (postmenopausal). Based on exercise treadmill ECG results, they were sub grouped as without CAD (treadmill ECG test negative) and with CAD (treadmill ECG test positive).

 

Results: Age, duration of diabetes, hypertension and CAD were significantly more in postmenopausal group (p<0.05). Age, HDL-cholesterol and hysterectomy were significantly (p< 0.05) associated with premenopausal CAD. In postmenopausal CAD subgroup age, duration of diabetes, hypertension, HDL-cholesterol, sedentary physical activity and hysterectomy were significantly higher (p<0.05). In the multivariate analysis, hysterectomy was strongly associated (OR = 7.73, p = 0.016) with premenopausal CAD.

 

Conclusion: The study projects hysterectomy as a high risk factor for the CAD in premenopausal type 2 diabetics. More information from prospective long-term clinical trials targeted to answer the questions regarding the loss of premenopausal protection of CAD in diabetes and the optimal treatment strategies for both premenopausal diabetic women and CAD will help to guide therapy in the future.

Author(s) Details:

Basab Ghosh,
Dr. Basab's Diabetes Care, Opposite Ramnagar 3, T G Road Extension, Krishnanagar, Agartala – 799001, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVMMS-V2/article/view/13803

Cross-sectional Study to Assess the Personal Hygience Habits and Knowledge of Street Children in the Final Waste Disposal Site in Manggala District, Makassar City, Indonesia | Chapter 5 | Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 1

This chapter highlights about Factors Related to Personal Hygiene of Street Children in the Final Waste Disposal Site in Manggala District, Makassar City, Indonesia. Oral hygiene practices can be linked to personal hygiene practices, including access to water and other sanitation facilities. Street children are a real phenomenon in everyday life that cause complex social and health problems, dirty appearance, come from poor families, slum settlements or even street children do not have a place to live. The number of homeless people, beggars and street children has decreased, there were 990 street children and homeless people with beggars in Makassar City in 2012. There were 798 street children in Makassar City in 2016 who were recorded by Social Service officers from a number of points. Makassar road with various problems. This number includes 257 street children, 249 homeless and beggars, 58 buskers, 41 prostitutes, 5 transgender women, 63 drug users, and 125 mental disorders. The research is an analytic observation using the cross-sectional method. The study was conducted in 21 October, 2019 to 31 December, 2019. The results of the observations of street children were found with traffic light and garbage disposal sites. These places are often found with dirty, dirty appearance, dirty clothes, smelly, unkempt hair, dirty hands, not wearing sandals and sometimes they eat without washing their hands, which can cause health  problems for street children. Based on this background, the researcher is interested in examining the factors related to the personal hygiene of street children in the final waste disposal site in Manggala District, Makassar City. The population was the patients with street children numbered 88 people, a purposive sampling technique was applied through chic square, uji continuity correction and multiple logistic regression analysis. The results showed that the variables age, gender, education and knowledge had a relationship with personal hygiene (pvalue<0.035), the R-square value was 0.897, which means that the ability of the independent variable to explain the dependent variable was 89.7% and 10.3% explained by factors other than variables.Knowledge variable has a significant effect on personal hygiene (pvalue<0.001), the magnitude of the influence is indicated by the value of Exp (B). 26.6, which means that street children who are knowledgeable are at least 26.6 times less likely to have personal hygiene than street children with good knowledge. Personal hygiene principles should have become a part of everyday life and providing examples of good personal hygiene practices is the best way for parents to teach their children.

Author(s) Details:

Darwis,
Stikes Nani Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia.

Kristamuliana,
Stikes Panakukang, Makassar, Indonesia.

Masriadi,
Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RUDHR-V1/article/view/13213

Emotional Intelligence in University Students: Analysis of Individual Differences (Gender and Age) | Chapter 9 | Research Highlights in Language, Literature and Education Vol. 7

 Emotional knowledge (EI) is a complex conceptualization widely reviewed in the literature.This research analyzed individual distinctnesses (gender and age) in EI between university scholars in Portugal. Data were obtained through an online inquiry. The sample (n = 570) was obtained through the “increase sampling” technique. EI was calculated using the languages derived from latin version of the WLEIS tool, which assesses four ranges. The researchers used the t-student test to check for dissimilarities between genders in the four dimensions of EI. Pearson's equivalence was also used to consider whether there is a friendship between age and the four ranges of EI. The results obtained signify that men obtained bigger EI scores in most ranges compared to girls. It was also found that most EI ranges are positively equated with age. These results are in line with current studies.

Author(s) Details:

Maria Zulmira Cunha,
Arts and Communication Research Centre, Scientific Council of CIAC, Instituto Superior de Educação e Ciências, ISEC, Lisboa, Portugal.

Diogo Reis,
Instituto Superior de Educação e Ciências, ISEC, Lisboa, Portugal.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHLLE-V7/article/view/11217

The Effect of Aging on Facial Attractiveness: An Empirical and Computational Investigation | Chapter 10 | New Advances in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 5

 How does developing affect first attractiveness? This study aims to examine age and sexuality differences in beautiful assessments of older faces and investigate whether this effect changes depending on how attraction is queried. We proven the hypothesis that people find earlier faces less attractive than more immature faces, and furthermore, that these aging belongings are modulated apiece age and sex of the perceiver and for one specific somewhat attractiveness fate being made. Using empirical and computational network skill methods, we habitual that with increasing age, faces are seen as less attractive. This effect was less evident in judgments made by older than more immature and middle-aged perceivers, and more evident by men (especially for female faces) than mothers. Young people and guys are more critical judges than older population. Elegance as a descriptor for attraction is more resistant to belongings of aging than beauty or beauty. Furthermore, network analyses disclosed that older faces were more similar in attraction and were segregated from more immature faces. Young people are relatively indifferent when discriminating levels of attraction among older community. These results indicate that perceivers likely to process older faces categorically when making attraction judgments. Attractiveness is not a monolithic assemble. It varies by age, sex, and legal order used to describe attraction.

Author(s) Details:

Dexian He,
Guangdong University of Education, School of Education, China and Penn Center for Neuroaesthetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Clifford I. Workman,
Penn Center for Neuroaesthetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA and Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Yoed N. Kenett,
Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.

Xianyou He,
Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China, School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, China.

Anjan Chatterjee,
Penn Center for Neuroaesthetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA and Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.


Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAMMS-V5/article/view/10869

Determining the Role of Rural Women in Decision Making Related to Farm Activities in Burdwan, West Bengal, India | Chapter 1 | Current Aspects in Business, Economics and Finance Vol. 5

 

The present study was conducted to find out the participation and decision timber of pastoral homes in colorful husbandry conditioning. Women play pivotal and significant part in ranch conditioning. This study analysed women’s participation and decision timber process in husbandry conditioning in Katwa Block I of Burdwan quarter, India. utmost pastoral women growers tried in this study were youthful in the age group between 20- 35 times; generally on nuclear families; and from Hindu SC & ST and Hindu OBC homes. WPR in agrarian conditioning fell as education situations rose. A significant portion of the womanish repliers worked in husbandry. It was shown that the age of the women and their capability to make opinions appreciatively connected. It has been discovered that ranch women's education has a positive impact on their participation in agrarian decision- timber. Compared to SC and ST repliers, repliers from forward gentries shared in husbandry opinions more constantly. Despite the fact that manly growers scored more on the decision- making scale, utmost opinions were made in collaboration with womanish actors, a sign of the rising social position of tilling women.

Author(s) Details:

Subhadip Pal,
The Neotia University, Diamond Harbour Campus, South 24 Pgs, West Bengal, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CABEF-V5/article/view/8448

Influence of Age and Regular Exercise on Blood Pressure in Female Subjects: A Descriptive Study| Chapter 6 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol.10

Background and Objectives: A sedentary lifestyle is a leading cause of disease, disability, and mortality. Sedentary behaviour has been linked to an increased risk of hypertension and pre-hypertension in numerous studies. In comparison to heavy labourers, light workers had five times the rate of coronary heart disease. Premature coronary heart disease is caused by a combination of poor diet and lack of physical activity. Inactivity not only shortens life expectancy by predisposing to age-related disorders, but it also has an effect on the ageing process through oxidative stress. The current study was aimed to assess the influence of sedentary lifestyle and age on blood pressure because sedentary lifestyle is a key risk factor for hypertension development.

100 healthy sedentary and non-sedentary female volunteers aged 25-55 years were randomly selected from Gadag's general population. For analysis, subjects were separated into three age groups based on their age. Blood pressure was recorded in the supine position in the right upper limb using an auscultatory approach with a mercury sphygmomanometer after 30 minutes of physical and mental relaxation. At 15-minute intervals, three readings were obtained, and the average of the three values was calculated and compared across three groups.

When compared to non-sedentary subjects, sedentary subjects in all three groups experienced a statistically significant increase in systolic blood pressure. The diastolic blood pressure of sedentary patients was found to be higher in all three groups, with statistically significant increases in groups two and three.

 

Author(s) Details:

Jayalakshmi M. K,
Department of Physiology, Gadag Institute of Medical Sciences, Gadag, Karnataka, India.

D. M. Chandrashekhar,
Department of Physiology, Gadag Institute of Medical Sciences, Gadag, Karnataka, India.

 

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V10/article/view/5985

Association of Vitamin D Deficiency with Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) in Population of Tamil Nadu, India | Chapter 19 | Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

 The goal of this study is to compare the serum 25-OH vitamin D levels of patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) who are scheduled for joint replacement with healthy people. This pilot study was undertaken in and around Chennai, as well as rural areas in Tamil Nadu. Study participants were chosen at medical camps held by our teaching hospital in and around Chennai, as well as rural areas of Tamil Nadu. According to this study, roughly 5 out of 10 individuals with knee osteoarthritis were vitamin D deficient, with serum levels below 10 ng/ml. The researchers also attempted to link vitamin D levels in the blood with anthropometric risk variables such age, gender, and BMI. There was a clear link between gender and vitamin D levels in the blood, with female patients having lower amounts. The identification of high-risk subjects and the adjustment of risk variables such as low serum 25-OH vitamin D levels in KOA patients would have therapeutic benefits and may even reduce the incidence of fracture in the elderly.

Author(S) Details

Regupathy Annamalai
Department of Orthopedics, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Madurantagam, Tamil Nadu, India.

Amar Nagesh Kumar G.
Department of Biochemistry, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Madurantagam, Tamil Nadu, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDMMR-V5/article/view/5749

Determining the Relationship between Transversus Abdominis Strength and Lumbar Lordosis in Young Adults | Chapter 6 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 10

 Background: Researchers and clinicians are focusing on the function of the Transverse Abdominis (TrA), the deepest abdominal muscle, because evidence suggests that TrA is activated independently of the other abdominal muscles in a variety of tasks and is critical for lumbar stability.

1. To use a pressure biofeedback unit to test the strength of the transverse abdominis muscle in young people.

2. To use a flexi curve ruler to measure lumbar lordosis in young adults.

3. Determine the link between lumbar lordosis and the strength of the transversus abdominis muscle.

Methods: A total of 394 subjects, ranging in age from 18 to 35 years, were recruited from Sumandeep Vidyapeeth's component institutions. The Flexicurve and Pressure Biofeedback Unit were used to measure each subject's Lumbar lordosis angle and TrA strength. The lumbar lordosis angle was determined using a formula. TrA strength was calculated using an average of three trials.

The Pearson correlation coefficient was -0.18 when Lumbar lordosis angle was correlated with TrA strength, -0.09 when age was correlated with TrA strength, and 0.11 when age was correlated with lumbar lordosis angle.

Conclusion: This study found a negative association between lumbar lordosis and TrA muscle strength, meaning that as the lumbar lordosis angle increases, TrA muscle strength decreases. Our findings could aid health care providers in better understanding the association between Transverse Abdominis muscle strength and Lumbar lordosis in young people.

Author(S) Details

Niketa Patel
College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, India.

Deepali Dinesh Patil
College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, India.

Lata Parmar
College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V10/article/view/4620

An Overview on Etiology of Corneal Blindness | Chapter 7 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 4

 In the Puducherry Union Territory, the goal is to screen for people with corneal blindness, establish the aetiology, and assess the risk factors for corneal blindness.

Materials and Methods: Fifty patients with corneal opacity and clinical visual acuity less than 6/60 were enrolled in this study, ranging in age from five to eighty years. Each patient had a complete medical history that included the aetiology, nature of the injury, previous corneal disease, and ocular surgery. External and slit lamp biomicroscopic examinations were performed to determine the size, location, and depth of corneal opacity, the existence of vascularization or ghost vessels, and the anterior segment disease. The Snellen chart was used to record visual acuity, and an applanation tonometer was used to assess intraocular pressure.

The study population was forty-two years old on average; twenty-seven patients were male and twenty-three were female; seventeen patients had bilateral involvement, nineteen had right eye involvement, and fourteen solely had left eye involvement. Farmers, labourers, students, housewives, masons, and others make up the study population. Twenty-one patients had an infectious origin, fourteen had an injury, and the rest had postsurgical, nutritional, or degenerative reasons.

Infectious keratitis is the most common cause of corneal blindness in this study, with trauma coming in second. Occupation plays a significant role on risk. Corneal blindness can be reduced by raising public awareness and implementing safety measures.

Author (S) Details

K. Kalaivani
Department of Ophthalmology, Vinayaka Mission’s Medical College, VMRF –DU, Karaikal, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V4/article/view/2886

Detailed Study on Age Related Pattern of Awareness and Basic Knowledge on Zika Virus Disease among Women Visiting Children Immunization Unit in Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Southeast Nigeria | Chapter 4 | Challenges in Disease and Health Research Vol. 5

Background: The Zika virus, which re-emerged in 2015, is an infectious agent of considerable public health significance. In certain infants of infected mothers, it is spread by mosquito bite, and is associated with microcephaly and some other neurological malformations. In the past, mild infections with this virus have been reported in the Americas, Asia, Africa, and the Pacific region, but it re-emerged in Brazil as a disease of real public health significance in 2015. On February 1, 2016, WHO declared Zika virus outbreak a "Public Health Emergency of International Concern" but in November of the same year, the emergency declaration was lifted.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the age-related trend of Zika virus infection awareness and basic knowledge among women bringing children for immunization at a teaching hospital in southeastern Nigeria.

Materials and Methods: The research was performed between November 2016 and February 2017 in the Immunization unit of a Teaching Hospital, Southeast Nigeria. It was a cross-sectional, quantitative, empirical, descriptive study involving randomly chosen 256 women who brought children for immunization. The pre-tested, interviewer-administered, standardized questionnaire was used; the data was analyzed for windows using SPSS version 20.0.

Results: The largest number of respondents [112 (43.8 percent)] was between the ages of 30 and 39, followed by those between the ages of 20 and 29 [108(42.2 percent)]. Up to 38.3% of respondents had never heard of Zika virus, but compared to the 61.7% who were aware of Zika virus disease (P = 0.92), this was not statistically important. The highest number of people listened to it on TV[57(36.1%)]. Overall, respondents between the ages of 20 and 29 years reported an average percentage of basic information of 54.6 percent, while those between the ages of 30 and 39 years reported 49.8 percent.

Conclusions: Many respondents had never heard of the Zika virus before, and many also had low basic knowledge of Zika virus disease. Only those within the age range of 20 to 29 registered a mean percentage basic knowledge score of over 50.0 percent among respondents within the child bearing age group (54.6 percent ). Therefore, good strategies to address these gaps in awareness and knowledge among women of childbearing age who are mostly affected by Zika virus disease should be created.

Author(s) Details

Edmund O. Ndibuagu
Department of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care, Enugu State University College of Medicine, Parklane, Enugu, Nigeria and Esucom Health Care Delivery Research Initiative, Enugu State University College of Medicine, Parklane, Enugu, Nigeria.

Innocent I. Okafor
Esucom Health Care Delivery Research Initiative, Enugu State University College of Medicine, Parklane, Enugu, Nigeria and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Enugu State University College of Medicine, Parklane, Enugu, Nigeria.

Sussan U. Arinze-Onyia
Department of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care, Enugu State University College of Medicine, Parklane, Enugu, Nigeria and Esucom Health Care Delivery Research Initiative, Enugu State University College of Medicine, Parklane, Enugu, Nigeria.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CDHR-V5/issue/view/7

Normal Hematological Parameters of Barb Horses Raised in Tiaret, West of Algeria | Chapter 8 | Current Research in Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences Vol.1

 

Barb horse, pride of the Berbers, is a famous Maghreb horse of a particular significance in the
Algerian history, tradition and culture.
This study aims to establish the hematologic values specific to the barb horse in the national stud
farm “Chaou-Chaoua” in Tiaret, Algeria. Age of the studied animals varied between 1 and 23 years.
The effects of age and sex were analyzed by categorizing the horses into two groups of four
subgroups: A (1 - 2 years, n=5), B (3-5 years, n=5), C (5-10 years, n=5) and D (11-23 years, n=5) for
females and E (2 - 3 years, n=5), F (5-7, n=5), G (10, n=5) and H (11-25, n=5) for males. Blood
samples of all these healthy horseswere obtained to determine the following hematologic variables:
erythrocytes (RBC), hematocrit (Ht), hemoglobin (Hb), mean cell volume (MCV), mean corpuscular
hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean hemoglobin content (MHC), white blood cells (WBC),
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, platelets, total number of platelets (PLT)
and mean platelet volume (MPV). The obtained results showed that the hematologic values are within
established standards ofother breeds of hot-blooded horses. Values of RBCs, HCT, Hb, WBCs and
lymphocytesapproached the lower limits of these standards. Statically significant (P˂0.05) differences
were observed between females in different age groups for MCV, MCHC, Platelets and the MPV.
Groups of males showed significant differences for lymphocytes and platelets. Between males and
females, significant differences were related to MCV, Neutrophils, Basophils Monocytes, Platelet and
MPV.This research showed that these hematologic parameters are weak, as they approach the lower
limits of the standards, and that neither age, nor sex seems to have an influence on the hematologic
values of the Barb horse.

Author (s) Details

Mira Chikhaoui
Laboratory of Research on Local Animal Products, Ibn Khaldoun University, Tiaret, Algeria.

Fadhéla Smail
Laboratory of Research on Local Animal Products, Ibn Khaldoun University, Tiaret, Algeria.

Fouzia Adda
Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Sciences Institute, Ibn Khaldoun University, Tiaret 14000, Algeria.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/267

The Application of Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering for Obesity Classification | Chapter 4 | Current Research in Science and Technology Vol. 4

Obesity is the excessive accumulation of fat in the body which adversely affects the health and wellbeing of the individual. It is a chronic and non-communicable disorder that poses socio-cultural, psychological, clinical and public health challenges. The aim of this study is to apply Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC) to classify obesity and to develop a model employing Logistic regression analysis for the prediction of obesity taking advantage of the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI), Age, Waist Circumference (WC), High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol. This Study was a work–site based cross sectional study carried out on one hundred and twenty (120) workers at Judiciary Service Commission, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. The Questionnaire was designed to address the background information of the respondents with respect to gender, age, job title, department and address. The respondents were anthropometrically examined and their lipid profile was estimated using the enzymatic colorimetric method. Data were analysed using the Shapiro-wilks test of normality, Agglomerative Hierarchy Cluster (AHC) analysis and Logistic regression analysis. These analyses were facilitated using XLSTAT 2016 statistical tool. On the application of the Agglomerative Hierarchical Cluster Analysis obesity was classified into Clusters 1, 2 and 3 with the majority of the obesed respondents being in Cluster 1. The respondents in Cluster 1 belonged to the obesity class of overweight, while respondents in Cluster 2 are of normal weight and finally respondents in Cluster 3 belonged to obese class 1. A predictive model was developed based on Logistic regression analysis which showed a strong positive correlation between obesity and HDL-cholesterol. The high profile of cardiovascular risks identified in the study could be addressed through the provision of occupational health services of which the ultimate goal should be the maintenance of urgent comprehensive health surveillance.

Author(s) Details

Charles C. Onoh
Centre for Occupational Health, Safety and Environment, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Professor Ify L. Nwaogazie
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/176