Prevalence and Socio-economic Determinants of Tuberculosis among Patients in a Secondary Hospital in Southern Nigeria |Chapter 3 | Microbiology and Biotechnology Research: An Overview Vol. 5

 

Tuberculosis remains a leading cause of mortality, especially in countries with low socio-economic status. Socio-economic determinants influence individuals’ health behaviours, access to healthcare resources, degree of exposure to certain diseases and environmental factors. The increase in Tuberculosis problem correlates with an increase in countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where intricate socio-economic factors such as malnutrition, poverty, homelessness, overcrowding, poor and delayed diagnosis, and poor drug susceptibility testing procedures are experienced. This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of tuberculosis and associated socio-economic determinants among patients attending Immanuel General Hospital in Eket, Akwa Ibom State. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 patients with presumptive tuberculosis diagnosis within a period of 12 months at Immanuel General Hospital Eket (IGHE). A structured questionnaire was administered to consenting patients for the collection of relevant data. Deep-cough sputum samples were collected from patients who were able to expectorate and processed according to the standard bacteriological method. Microscopic detection of acid-fast bacilli was carried out by the Ziehl-Neelsen method, while Mycobacterium tuberculosis was cultured in Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium and colonies identity was further confirmed using the SD BIOLINE rapid diagnostic test. Data for the study were collected with the aid of a structured questionnaire and analysed using SPSS software version 27. p-values less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. The confirmed prevalence of tuberculosis in this study was 27.3%. The infection rate was higher in males (29.4%) than in females (21.9%) and was significantly associated with age (P = .02) and employment status (P < .001) of patients. The study found a strong, significant association between TB prevalence and family size, number of people sleeping in a room, income level, number of times meals are taken per day, and previous TB exposure of patients (P ≤ .05). The prevalence of TB is high in IGHE and is significantly associated with some socioeconomic risk factors. The findings of this study support the social and economic determinants of health theory, highlighting the critical role of socio-economic factors in TB infection. This underscores the urgent need for targeted policy interventions by relevant government agencies to improve the socio-economic conditions of residents in Eket.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Etang UE
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria.

 

Richard RE
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.

 

Akpan NG
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria.

 

Etor VU
Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.

 

Ntekpere EI
Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot Osurua, Nigeria.

 

Dodoru TR
Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovations, College of Health Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria.

 

Michael AA
Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mbrao/v5/6356

The Complex Relationships Between Crime, Insecurity and Poverty in Nigeria: Unpacking the State Failure Nexus | Chapter 6 | New Ideas Concerning Arts and Social Studies Vol. 3

Nigeria, frequently referred to as the Giant of Africa due to its vast population and significant economic potential, presents a complex paradox of wealth and poverty. Despite being one of the world’s largest oil producers, Nigeria is plagued by severe challenges such as organised crime, persistent insecurity, and widespread poverty. This study presents a systematic investigation into the intricate interplay between organised crime, insecurity, and poverty in Nigeria, utilising the State Failure Theory as its theoretical groundwork. By drawing on qualitative insights from field research and expert interviews, the research delineates the complex dynamics within this nexus and its profound implications for human security, development, and global stability. Forty comprehensive interviews were conducted with key informants, comprising community members, law enforcement officials, policymakers, and specialists in security. Six focus group discussions were conducted with stakeholders, encompassing youth groups, women’s organisations, and local business owners. This study highlights that the failure of the Nigerian state has fostered an environment permissive to organised criminal activities, which, in turn, exacerbate insecurity and deepen poverty. Key drivers identified in this nexus include corruption, political instability, economic inequality, and institutional weaknesses. The study also highlights the severe impacts on human security, manifesting as widespread violence, displacement, human rights abuses, and socio-economic exclusion. By exploring the intricate relationships among organised crime, insecurity and poverty in Nigeria, this study elucidates the dire consequences of state failure and stresses the necessity for collective action to address this global challenge. The study recommends targeted interventions to strengthen governance and security frameworks, bolster the rule of law, promote sustainable development, and enhance international cooperation to mitigate the global repercussions of state failure.

 

Author(s) Details

 

Thomas Achu Uduo
Department of Defence and Security Studies, Nigerian Defence Academic Kaduna, University of Leicester and ASIS International, Nigeria and Department of Political Science and an Advocate for Girls' Education, University of Calabar, Nigeria.

 

Obaji-Akpet Immaculata Ofu
Department of Defence and Security Studies, Nigerian Defence Academic Kaduna, University of Leicester and ASIS International, Nigeria and Department of Political Science and an Advocate for Girls' Education, University of Calabar, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nicass/v3/5362

Successful Farmers of Chatra District in Jharkhand, India | Book Publisher International

This book explores about success stories of farmers in Chatra District of Jharkhand, India. The holistic farming approach is a reasonably stable arrangement of family enterprises to combat with challenges facing agriculture. This book explicitly discusses the success stories in agriculture demonstrate the potential for innovation and entrepreneurship within the farming sector. From traditional farming to modern techniques, these stories highlight the adaptability and resilience of farmers.

 

 

Author (s) Details

Dr. Ranjay Kumar Singh
KVK, Chatra, India.

 

Dharma Oraon
KVK, Chatra, India.

 

Er. Vinod Kumar Pandey
KVK, Chatra, India. Sunidhi Kumari

 

Sunidhi Kumari
Banaras Hindu Universit, India.

 

Himanshu Singh
KVK, Simdega, India.

 

Shiwendra Kumar Dubey
KVK, Chatra, India.

 

Upendra Kumar Singh
KVK, Chatra, India.

 

Abhishek Ghosh
KVK, Chatra, India.

 

Nawal Kisore
KVK, Chatra, India.

 

Abhijeet Ghosh
KVK, Chatra, India.

 

Md. Zunaid Alam
KVK, Chatra, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49970-46-5

 

Examining the Causes and Economic Impact of Rural-Urban Migration | Book Publisher International

This research paper aims to study migration from rural to urban areas with the main concern that by the year 2050, it’s expected that 60% of the total world population will reside in urban areas. This is by all means a major transition from the 1950s when only 30% of the population resided in urban areas. The major concern here is whether developing economies will be prepared enough to cope with the socio-economic and political implications of this transition.

 

This study aims at adding value to already existing literature on migration patterns by looking at other possible factors that may cause rural-urban migration like social ties and relationships among other traditional factors like age, sex, marital status, income expectations and family size.

 

This research critically examines the effects of education on migration decisions by analyzing data on the level of education attained by the time a migrant makes a decision to migrate. The study found that most of the migrants to the urban areas have attained little or no education at all and the majority only have a primary level of education. The study also examines the socio-economic and environmental concepts associated with rural-urban migration such as the mushrooming of slum dwellings, urban unemployment, crime, environmental degradation and other social vices like drug peddling hawking and prostitution.

 

This study aims at suggesting policy recommendations based on the findings which can be of use to policymakers and the Government as they try to tackle this problem. Of great importance as found out in the study is the need to develop infrastructure in the rural areas, and create income-generating activities and employment opportunities in these areas in order to minimize urban migration. This should be followed by a Government-regulated and planned expansion of the urban informal sector to control the emergence of slum dwellings and unplanned economic activities. Finally, this study proposes areas that require further research such as the effect of technology, digitization of the economy effects of internet connectivity and mobile banking in influencing future migration patterns from rural to urban areas.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Mr. Simon Wangombe Ngai
University of Nairobi, Kenya.

 

Prof. L. P Mureithi
University of Nairobi, Kenya.

 

Dr. S. M Nyandemo
University of Nairobi, Kenya.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-48859-09-9

 

Kidnapping as a Business Activity and Related Security Implications: A Nigerian Perspective | Chapter 10 | New Ideas Concerning Arts and Social Studies Vol. 1

Kidnapping for ransom has become a serious problem in Nigeria, affecting individuals, families, and society as a whole. While criminals may benefit financially from this illegal activity, the consequences are devastating for victims and hinder the country’s economic growth. The increasing rate of kidnapping has created fear among citizens, discouraged tourism and investment, and posed a major challenge to security management.

 

This study examines the causes of kidnapping and its impact on security and development in Nigeria. The findings suggest that factors like unemployment, poverty, drug abuse, and social inequality contribute to the rise of kidnapping, with many young people getting involved in these crimes. Despite government efforts to tackle the issue, kidnapping continues to spread.

 

To address this problem, society must educate and guide young people toward positive values like honesty, integrity, and non-violence. The government must also take strong action by creating more job opportunities, investing in infrastructure, and reducing poverty to discourage youth from turning to crime. Only by tackling the root causes can Nigeria achieve a safer and more stable society.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Brown Egbe Isokon
Department of Social Work, University of Calabar, Nigeria.

 

Ude Bassey Obeten
Department of Social Work, University of Calabar, Nigeria.

 

Oru Takim Tiku
Department of Social Work, University of Calabar, Nigeria.

 

Agnes Ubana Enang
Department of Public Administration, University of Calabar, Nigeria.

 

Samson Uche Nwaubani
Department of Public Administration, University of Calabar, Nigeria.

 

Okwu Augustina Onyema
Department of Sociology, University of Calabar, Nigeria.

 

Mary Effiong
Department of Sociology and Social Work, Obong University, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nicass/v1/2060

Assessing the Impact of Income Inequality on Poverty Level in Nigeria Using Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Model | Chapter 7 | New Advances in Business, Management and Economics Vol. 3

There is widespread concern about global inequality and economic growth that the economic crisis has only widened the gap between the rich and the poor. Poverty and income inequality are two interrelated and mutually reinforcing developmental issues in Africa. This research employed the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to evaluate the influence of income inequality on the level of poverty in Nigeria. The secondary data from CBN (2011) and WDI (2022) was used in this study. The study's findings indicated a sustained positive correlation between poverty levels and the Gini coefficient of income inequality in Nigeria, derived from the relationship of each income determinant with the Gini coefficient of income disparity in the Nigerian economy. Therefore, it is advisable to improve the equitable distribution of resources, which will effectively diminish economic inequality and poverty in Nigeria. The government ought to focus on formulating and executing more pragmatic employment initiatives in Nigeria. The empirical findings of this study indicate that reducing income inequality in Nigeria by an increase in the employment rate has been inadequate. A pragmatic approach to employment would enable individuals to utilise their finances to accumulate wealth rather than merely subsist, hence enhancing the degree of the income distribution.

 

Author (s) Details

Sule Magaji
Department of Economics, University of Abuja, Nigeria.

 

Ibrahim Musa
Department of Economics, University of Abuja, Nigeria.

 

Yahaya Ismail
Department of Economics, University of Abuja, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nabme/v3/1480

Trend in Economic Performance and the Financial Flow into the Economic Sectors in Ethiopia during 2011-2020 | Chapter 6 | Contemporary Research in Business, Management and Economics Vol. 5

This chapter attempted to analyse the trend in economic performance and the financial flow into the economic sectors in the country. Over the past ten years, the Ethiopian government has prioritized economic development and the reduction of poverty. The nation is among the poorest in sub-Saharan Africa, yet throughout the same decade, the government has released conflicting reports about its rapidly expanding economy—double digit and incremental growth, respectively. Developing countries are mainly marked by agricultural economies, where food self-sufficiency is always an issue. Poverty is a common phenomenon in these countries and economic dependency on developed countries is inevitable to escape poverty. On the one hand, government reports have indicated that the country is economically one of the fastest growing in Africa, a position that has been seconded by international financial institutions and other bilateral donors. On the other hand, the country remains on the list of poorest countries in the world. A qualitative approach was applied in analysing the reported data on economic performance in the country from 2011-2020. The GDP measure in Ethiopia during the past decade decreased from 11.39 in 2011 to 6.06 in 2020. The trend in specific economic sectors was decreasing with little progress in specific poverty indexes in the economic sector. There were marked inequalities between urban and rural areas in the country. The performance in water supply, electricity power provision and road networking in the country showed sluggish progress. The projected shift from an economy driven by agriculture to one driven by industry and services did not materialize. The nation kept depending on foreign aid to help reduce poverty, and throughout the last ten years, there has been a shifting trend in the amount of aid received. The study's findings suggest that accurate reports on the nation's economic success that use particular poverty indexes should be published. In order to attain goals for economic development and poverty reduction, it is also imperative that attention be paid to internal capabilities rather than depending too much on outside assistance.

Author(s) Details:

Tagese Helore Lamore,
Development Studies, University of Gondar, Ethiopia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CRBME-V5/article/view/14185

Determining the Impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in South Sudan | Chapter 4 | Current Topics on Business, Economics and Finance Vol. 2

 The study proposed at determining the impacts of FDI on South Sudan. The dossier collection approach complicated a review of secondary dossier based on ethnographic design. Two believes were involved; the point-based approach and the uniform FDI fitness believes in order conduct to study. The results of the study are very main and form a braod base of information. Apart from deciding that South Sudan has not been smart to fully influence FDI, the study also persistent that FDI has failed to increase South Sudan’s economy what poverty levels in the country wait high. Additionally, it was famous that despite limited improvements in FDI levels, South Sudan's nationals continue to person who waits on another poverty and the country with its own government is still wracked by a sustained civil war that has demanded thousands of lives. The main tactics implication of the study is that South Sudan needs to take healthy steps to create a governmental, social, and financial environment that will captivate more foreign direct assets in to the country.

Author(s) Details:

Tamburo Michael Renzi,
Department of Business Management, LIGS University, Honolulu, HI, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTBEF-V2/article/view/9792

Drought Manifested by Climate Change is Expanding Poverty, Deprived Business Volumes and Recession in Southern Africa Region| Chapter 9 | Research Highlights in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 7

 Life is generally dependent on the chance of food (reserves) near living zones about the world. Recent local weather environments have resulted in a drop in land crop production or cooking reserves. This is due to seasonal, era temperature, and tangible uncertainty (shocks). The intensely changing global humidity has a negative impact on socioeconomic environments, agriculture ecology (result), and the food supply chain in many nations. All climate reports display that the trend of climbing temperatures will persist year after year, and that skilled will be excess synthetic intensity limitations ingrain, which will further decay the health and well-being of children, women, and old people. By 2100, a rise of 1.8 to 4∘C proper severe impact of droughts and floods happen and reverse the ecological order, effects on human health (tools growth and function), Business network, financial (GDP, Unemployment etc.) growth and prejudice of life systems. For many age, South Africa has been handling the negative effects of climate change patterns on their land lands and farmers, that has hampered their employment and money. Crop failures, Productivity, Food danger, Famine, Loss of property and Life, Migration, and canceling economic growth accompanying unethical trend change. This paper elevates climate change patterns and their impacts on farming and poverty in South Africa in consideration of achieve their "Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)" or any additional goals.

Author(s) Details:

Kachireddy Venkata Nageswara Reddy,
Plot No: 59, Anithanagar, LB Nagar, Hyderabad, 500074, India.

Joneboina Eswar Kumar,
CSIR - National Environmental Engineering and Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Hyderabad Zonal Centre, Hyderabad – 500007, Telangana (State), India.

Morami Kalita,
Plot No: 59, Anithanagar, LB Nagar, Hyderabad, 500074, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHAS-V7/article/view/9105

Functionality of Smallholder Scheme and Evaluation of Decisions: Evidence from Zanyokwe Irrigation Scheme in Eastern Cape, South Africa| Chapter 2 | Research Highlights in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 6

 This book unit examined farmers’ working decision making and partnership in Zanyokwe smallholder irrigation scheme located in Amathole district in Eastern Cape Province. It surveyed households’ enthusiasm to continue participation in Zanyokwe smallholder watering scheme. The study's exact aims were to investigate the cause of functional participation of smallholder irrigators in the blueprint; and to examine the friendship between households and farm characteristics. The book branch adopted and used representative survey group discussion, structured and tractor trailer-structured questionnaires, interviews, scrutiny, and field measurement. Six of the twelve liberated variables were shown to be important in explaining households' conclusion to engage in the Zanyokwe smallholder irrigation blueprint. Farm experience, farm asset, land rights, water adequacy, marketing information, and produce alternative were the major liberated variables in the scheme. The low land production caused public indifference for the system, in accordance with the study. The average size of food plots was far excessively small for households to achieve better land output. The chapter plans that beneficiaries bear be encouraged to receive preparation in agricultural infrastructure perpetuation, and that growing beneficiaries' land size will have a slightest beneficial effect on their functional connection in the scheme.

Author(s) Details:

Agholor Azikiwe Isaac,
Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Resource Management, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Mpumalanga, Private Mail Bag X11283, Mbombela, 1200, South Africa.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHAS-V6/article/view/8841

The Analytics of the Pro-poorness of Zambia’s Economic Growth | Chapter 4 | Current Aspects in Business, Economics and Finance Vol.5

 Profitable growth and its effect on husbandry and citizens have been extensively batted by economists for some time, with one of its crucial characteristics being that the benefits of similar growth teardrop down to all sections of society, particularly the poor. This teardrop-down thesis has lately been called into question, with prominent authors proposing apro-poor measure of profitable growth. Poverty is one of the major problems affecting a large proportion of the population in Zambia. This exploration empirically measures thepro-poorness of profitable growth in Zambia from 2006 to 2015 while keeping track of checks from 2006, 2010, and 2015. Grounded on the poverty original growth rate criteria, we discover that Zambia's profitable growth has not been favourable to the poor. Indeed while Zambia saw positive profitable growth during this time and poverty rates sluggishly dropped, the poor entered proportionately less profit from this growth than thenon-poor. The poor haven't been significantly touched by growth, which necessitates a thorough analysis of the poor's demographic makeup and possible benefactions to profitable growth in order to effectively produce interventions that will profit this population in terms of poverty reduction.

Author(s) Details:

Ian C. Filakati,
University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CABEF-V5/article/view/8451

Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting at Scottish Premiership Football Clubs, 2012-2015| Chapter 9 | Research Developments in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 7

 This article examines and reflects on the 12 football clubs competing in the Scottish Premiership for the 2016–17 season's CSR reporting. The SPFL Trust, official websites, community arms disclosure, yearly reports, and official websites were the four information sources that underwent content analysis. With the appointment of a designated director in 2013, Aberdeen FC demonstrated a certain level of stakeholder engagement. Hearts, a medium-sized team, as well as lesser clubs Kilmarnock, Ross County, and St Johnstone, have shown an awareness of the expectations placed on them by stakeholders. In light of Aberdeen's ambitions for a new stadium and Celtic's hosting of the opening ceremony of the 2014 Commonwealth Games, it is obvious that CSR initiatives are being used to foster good links with local authorities. The majority of clubs were discovered to be located in Scotland's most impoverished regions. It makes sense that these clubs are strongly motivated for CSR in light of this.

Author(s) Details:

Mark Murdoch,
School of Business and Creative Industries, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, Scotland, UK.

Xin Guo,
School of Business and Creative Industries, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, Scotland, UK.

Kieran James,
School of Business and Creative Industries, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, Scotland, UK.

Sheikh Al Tanzil,
School of Accounting and Finance, The University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji Islands.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDASS-V7/article/view/8088

Epidemiology of Tunga Penetrans Infestation in Kenya | Chapter 5 | Emerging Challenges in Environment and Earth Science Vol. 4

 

The female sand flea, Tungapenetrans, enters the host's epidermis and causes tungiasis, an ectoparasitic skin disease. Inadequate cleanliness, poverty, social neglect, ignorance, and cultural beliefs are all factors in Kenya's jigger infestation, according to a thorough literature review. The study found a vicious circle of poverty, low educational standards, low self-esteem/stigmatization, civil rights abuses, HIV/AIDS, and secondary ailments as a result of the infestation. Fumigation, on-site animal care, adequate hygiene, and health promotion are all examples of control measures. One must be in good physical, emotional, and social health to carry out the vital tasks of national development. The jigger infestation has a detrimental effect on several facets of human health, making it challenging for those who have been infected as well as those who have been impacted to properly contribute to nation-building. The Jigger scourge is hindering Kenya's growth and preventing it from achieving the Millennium Progress Goal of ending extreme poverty by 2015.

Author (s) Details

Simon Kiprono Ruttoh

School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret 4606 30100, Kenya.

Denis Ochieng’ Omondi

C/o Joanes Omondi, Kisumu Municipal Council, Kisumu 105 40100, Kenya.

Nafula Inviolata Wanyama

School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret 4606 30100, Kenya.

 

View Book :-  https://stm.bookpi.org/ECEES-V4/article/view/7579

Probability Model for Poverty Index | Chapter 13 | Recent Advances in Mathematical Research and Computer Science Vol. 2

 The Lorenz curve and Gini-concentration co-efficient were used to describe the income inequality of households in the chosen hamlet, and the incidence of poverty as measured by Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGTPoverty )'s Gap (PG) was utilised as a poverty indicator. The purpose of this paper is to investigate and explore the problem of poverty and the incidence of income disparity in the Thanga Karang study region. The research also intends to investigate the mode of income distribution among the study area's households. Thanga Karang, with its 257 households, is considered a chosen village. A household survey was done to acquire information regarding poverty. The parameters and are fitted to the beta distribution using the method of moments and the maximum likelihood approach after a statistical analysis of PG. 's statistically significant values are and's statistically significant values are and's statistically significant values are and's statistically significant α ̂ = 0.2989 and (β ) ̂= 3.4722 by method of moments; (α ) ̂= 1.459 and (β ) ̂= 3.001  Using the highest likelihood technique. As a result, the PG, which is a poverty indicator, best matches the model (i.e. Beta distribution). According to the study, the Gini concentration co-efficient is 0.5253. It implies that 52.53 percent of the time, there is income inequality in the home.

Author(S) Details

Salam Sovachandra Singh
Department of Statistics, S. Kula Women’s College, India.

S. Shantikumar. Singh
Department of Statistics, Manipur University, Imphal-795003, India.

S. Opendra. Singh
Department of Statistics, Manipur University, Imphal-795003, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RAMRCS-V2/article/view/4461

Volunteering and Youth Development | Chapter 15 | Selected Topics in Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 7

 Volunteering aids in the development of young people, yet the process by which these changes occur is not well understood. The study focuses on the Mei Xian Team, a group of college students from urban colleges that volunteer in rural China to assist with teaching in remote communities. The study looks at how volunteering affects people's attitudes, behaviours, and socialisation through in-depth interviews, focus groups, and observation.

 

During their journey of assisting rural children with minimal resources, young volunteers formed their personalities. Interaction, conflict resolution, and socialisation all contribute to youth growth during the volunteering process. Among the research participants, there were a variety of personal and interpersonal relationships. These volunteer tourists demonstrated how their travel experience influenced personal changes and youth travel socialisation.

Author (S) Details

Qing-Qing Lin

School of Tourism Management and Management and South China Ecological Civilization Research Center, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.

Julie Jie Wen

School of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia. 

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/STHSS-V7/article/view/4118

Is the Organizational form the Business Federation the Answer for Firms in Eco Tourim in South Africa? | Chapter 3 | Insights into Economics and Management Vol. 12

 The objective of this paper is to demonstrate how the business federation model may meet ecotourism demands in South Africa during a time of social turmoil, violence, economic decline, and illnesses such as HIV/AIDS and Covid-19 that are wreaking havoc on the industry. We show how, in a worldwide world, ecotourism businesses may become more competitive by eliminating poverty and generating economic rewards at the same time by acting locally. We also show how management can take practical efforts to be on the cutting edge of ecotourism.

Author (S) Details

Carsten Martin Syvertsen
Østfold University College, Norway.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/IEAM-V12/article/view/2069

Income Inequality as a Main Social Challenge for the European Union | Chapter 4 | Current Strategies in Economics and Management Vol. 8

 The poverty rate and the preservation of cross-country social and economic inequality are a big social issue for the European Union and are likely to have significant economic repercussions for its society. In general, the current levels of poverty and social exclusion in the European Union are strong, considering that it is the continent with the largest share of the world's GDP. It is the duty of both the European Union and its Member States to take immediate economic recovery steps and to take emergency measures. Hey. Growth. Poverty reduction, which is also a major objective of the Europe 2020 plan, but which has not yet obtained the requisite results, should be the main objective. It has proven very difficult to achieve its goal of saving at least 20 million people from poverty and social exclusion by 2020, both in the short and the long term. This paper aims to explore one of the most important issues for the culture and economy of the European Union today: on the one hand, poverty and social exclusion and, on the other, income inequality. These two indicators are examined at the level of the EU and as discrepancies between EU Member States, as evidenced by a lack of social cohesion. The interdependence between economic development and poverty and social exclusion within the EU has been studied and proved to be negative. The interdependence between economic growth and income inequality (Gini coefficient) in the EU has been studied and has been shown to be positive. The key factors of income inequality in the EU are analysed in the second part of the paper. The national social policy and social model of the Member States, the current disparities in individual opportunities, the negative effects of economic globalisation, rapid technological change, the tendency to undermine the position of trade unions, etc. The chapter concludes with a brief overview of the possible problems facing the European Social Model.

Author (s) Details

Monika Moraliyska
University of National and World Economy, Bulgaria.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/345

Assessing the National Directorate of Employment (NDE) Strategy in Poverty Reduction in Nigeria| Chapter 6 | Insights into Economics and Management Vol. 3

 Studies have shown government programmes to tackle poverty in developed countries in the past and in recent times, but such efforts have produced little or no meaningful results. In such countries, therefore, poverty has been on the rise. One of these schemes in Nigeria is the NDE, which was set up to fix the issue of unemployment and poverty. Studies have shown in several years of its service that the issue of poverty has yet to be properly taken care of. In view of this the present study aims to use data from a secondary source and content analysis as its approach to evaluate its activities. The paper, therefore, addresses its priorities, mandates and tactics. It even looks at stuff  Any of the agency's successes and other obstacles impair its effectiveness. The paper argues that NDE is a good strategy that can be used in Nigeria to reduce poverty, but the key problem lies in what might be called 'Nigerian factors,' which suggests that many Nigerians have negative attitudes towards achieving national growth.

Author (s) Details

Dare Ojo, Omonijo
Department of Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria and Department of Sociology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria.

Dr. Michael C. Anyaegbunam
Department of Psychology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.

Dr. Ikenna Godwin, Joe-Akunne
Department of Psychology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.

Dr. Chidozie Beneth, Obiorah
Department of Political Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.

Nneka Ifedichinma, Nwangwu
Department of Psychology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/324

 

The Health and Educational Consequences of Child Labour in Nigeria | Chapter 8 | Challenges in Disease and Health Research Vol. 2

 

This research work investigated the health and educational consequences of child labour in Nigeria
using descriptive survey. To achieve this, two research questions guided the study. The population of
the study was the entire child labourers in Nigeria. Staged stratified sampling technique was used to
select 1,800 child labourers from 6 states of the federation. Data were collected, using structured
questionnaire, and in-depth interview. The data collected were analyzed using simple percentage and
frequency. The findings revealed that child labourers in Nigeria engaged in all sorts of child labour
such as hawking, begging, carry heavy loads and experience a lot of health and educational problems
ranging from injuries, pains of some sort, traffic accidents, chemical poisoning, pneumonia, craw-craw
difficulty in breathing, which have other serious health implications. The findings also identified
poverty, greed, broken family and others as some of the causes of child labour in Nigeria. It was also
revealed that children’s education suffer a lot as they do not receive sound education.
Recommendations were made to curb this cankerworm in the society. Nigerian governments and nongovernmental agencies have shown considerable interests and concerns on the problems of child
labour in the country, and have suggested practical policies and strategies to put an end to or
minimize this problem, but their efforts are not adequate enough as the situation worsens on daily
basis due to economic recession, political instability, greed, cultural, religious, and traditional beliefs.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Maria Charity Agbo
Department of Education Psychology, Federal College of Education, Eha-Amufu, Enugu State, Nigeria.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/260

The Health and Educational Consequences of Child Labour in Nigeria | Chapter 8 | Challenges in Disease and Health Research Vol. 2

 

This research work investigated the health and educational consequences of child labour in Nigeria
using descriptive survey. To achieve this, two research questions guided the study. The population of
the study was the entire child labourers in Nigeria. Staged stratified sampling technique was used to
select 1,800 child labourers from 6 states of the federation. Data were collected, using structured
questionnaire, and in-depth interview. The data collected were analyzed using simple percentage and
frequency. The findings revealed that child labourers in Nigeria engaged in all sorts of child labour
such as hawking, begging, carry heavy loads and experience a lot of health and educational problems
ranging from injuries, pains of some sort, traffic accidents, chemical poisoning, pneumonia, craw-craw
difficulty in breathing, which have other serious health implications. The findings also identified
poverty, greed, broken family and others as some of the causes of child labour in Nigeria. It was also
revealed that children’s education suffer a lot as they do not receive sound education.
Recommendations were made to curb this cankerworm in the society. Nigerian governments and nongovernmental agencies have shown considerable interests and concerns on the problems of child
labour in the country, and have suggested practical policies and strategies to put an end to or
minimize this problem, but their efforts are not adequate enough as the situation worsens on daily
basis due to economic recession, political instability, greed, cultural, religious, and traditional beliefs.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Maria Charity Agbo
Department of Education Psychology, Federal College of Education, Eha-Amufu, Enugu State, Nigeria.

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