Assessing the Impact of Income Inequality on Poverty Level in Nigeria Using Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Model | Chapter 7 | New Advances in Business, Management and Economics Vol. 3

There is widespread concern about global inequality and economic growth that the economic crisis has only widened the gap between the rich and the poor. Poverty and income inequality are two interrelated and mutually reinforcing developmental issues in Africa. This research employed the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to evaluate the influence of income inequality on the level of poverty in Nigeria. The secondary data from CBN (2011) and WDI (2022) was used in this study. The study's findings indicated a sustained positive correlation between poverty levels and the Gini coefficient of income inequality in Nigeria, derived from the relationship of each income determinant with the Gini coefficient of income disparity in the Nigerian economy. Therefore, it is advisable to improve the equitable distribution of resources, which will effectively diminish economic inequality and poverty in Nigeria. The government ought to focus on formulating and executing more pragmatic employment initiatives in Nigeria. The empirical findings of this study indicate that reducing income inequality in Nigeria by an increase in the employment rate has been inadequate. A pragmatic approach to employment would enable individuals to utilise their finances to accumulate wealth rather than merely subsist, hence enhancing the degree of the income distribution.

 

Author (s) Details

Sule Magaji
Department of Economics, University of Abuja, Nigeria.

 

Ibrahim Musa
Department of Economics, University of Abuja, Nigeria.

 

Yahaya Ismail
Department of Economics, University of Abuja, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nabme/v3/1480

A Real - time Optimizing Water Utilization Technique for Exactitude Agriculture Using WSN and GSM Module in Indian Agricultural Sectors | Chapter 5 | Theory and Practice of Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 11

 India is primarily an agricultural country. Our forefathers were completely reliant on agricultural harvesting. The agricultural sector is critical to the Indian economy, and irrigation is a major concern. Our work goal is to reduce water waste in the field by using drip irrigation and to provide precise field control by atomizing the agricultural environment using components and building the necessary hardware. Irrigation with the help of freshwater resources is critical in agricultural areas. Because of the ever-increasing demand for freshwater, automation technology and its associated apparatus, such as drip irrigation, sensors, and remote control, have enabled more efficient use of water resources.

Plant humidity and temperature are precisely monitored and controlled more efficiently using a real-time feedback control system. Drip irrigation keeps the water at a constant level, which allows the water to reach the roots drop by drop. The irrigation system operates valves by using an automated controller to turn them on and off. This enables the farmer to apply the appropriate amount of water at the appropriate time. regardless of the availability of labor to turn valves or motors ON and OFF This reduces runoff from saturated soils and helps to avoid irrigating at the wrong time of day. It improves crop performance and saves time in all aspects.

Various types of sensors were used to precisely monitor and control the agriculture field. The proposed system is implemented using an ARM LPC2148 Microcontroller. In this paper, an ARM LPC2148 Microcontroller-based drip irrigation mechanism is proposed, which is a real-time feedback control system for more efficiently monitoring and controlling all drip irrigation system activities. Coded signals are sent to the receiver. GSM communicates via SMS and serves as the link between the ARM processor and the centralized unit. GSM technology is used to notify the end user of the precise field condition. The drip irrigation method has been found to have a significant impact on resource conservation, cultivation costs, crop yield, and farm profitability.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Prathyusha. Kuncha
Department of E.C.E, NRI Institute of Technology, Pothavarappadu, Agiripalli(M), Vijayawada, A.P, India.

M. Chaitanya Suman
Department of E.C.E, Vignan's Nirula Institute of Technology and Science for Women, Guntur, A.P, India.

View Book : https://stm.bookpi.org/TPMCS-V11/article/view/1310

The Details of Organizational Level Performance of Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) under New Extension Reforms in the State of Assam | Chapter 13 | Current Strategies in Economics and Management Vol. 3

The Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA), defined as a semi-autonomous decentralized participatory and market-driven extension model represents a shift away from transferring technologies for major crops to diversifying output. As the ATMA programme is under operation in Assam for the last ten years, the researchable questions may arise about to what extent the functions of ATMA through cafeteria of activities at district level are achieved such as farmer oriented activities, farm information dissemination, agricultural technology refinement, validation and adoption (R-E-F-Linkage), administrative and capital expenses, innovative activities and other innovative activities etc. Keeping in view the broad aims of the ATMA and to find out relevant answers on the above stated questions, a study was carried out in three CSS-ATMA districts of Assam namely Kokrajhar, Bongaigaon and Goalpara in the year 2015-16 with a view to find out the organizational level performance of ATMA under new extension reforms. A purposive sampling method was followed to select the districts for the study. The result of the findings highlighted that the trend of achievement of cafeteria of activities as per ATMA guideline were below 50.00 per cent in the three consecutive years viz., 2013-14, 2014-15 and 2015-16 except in few activities where the achievement of activities under the heads “Agril. Technology Refinement, Validation and Adoption (R-E-F-Linkage)”, “Administrative/Capital Expenses” and “Innovative Activities”, were 62.50 per cent, 59.39 per cent and 50.03 per cent respectively in the year 2013-14. On the other hand, in the year 2014-15, the achievement of activities under the head “Other Innovative Activities” were 100.00 per cent.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Chittaranjan Deka
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Assam Agricultural University (AAU), Assam, India.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/191