Heat Gain and Heat Loss: Metabolism, Physical Activity and Environmental Factors | Chapter 11 | Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 1

This chapter defines heat gain and heat loss during metabolism and physical activity. The metabolic heat generated by a person increases as a function of the physical work performed. Metabolic heat can be estimated based on actual measurement of oxygen consumption of a worker, or estimated using detailed calculations and tabulations. Metabolism, physical activity, digestion, and environmental elements including high outside temperature, humidity, sun radiation, lack of shade, physical activity, clothing, indoor climate, and urban heat island effect all contribute to heat gain. Convection, radiation, evaporation, respiration, and conduction are the ways in which heat is lost.

Author(s) Details:

Manjari P.,
College of Veterinary Science, Proddatur, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Muralinath E.,
College of Veterinary Science, Proddatur, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Sravani Pragna K.,
College of Veterinary Science, Proddatur, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Kalyan C.,
College of Veterinary Science, Proddatur, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Tulasi Rukmini T.,
College of Veterinary Science, Proddatur, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Guru D. V. Pandiyan,
Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India.

Guru Prasad M.,
Vaishnavi Microbial Pharma Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RUDHR-V1/article/view/13232

Greenhouse Humidity Prediction and Control Models by Using Fuzzy Inference Systems | Chapter 06 | Research Developments in Science and Technology Vol. 6

 Greenhouse horticulture is a popular method for growing high-value crops with a large profit margin. To enable excellent management of environmental elements, fuzzy inference systems have been successfully used in prediction and control models. The goal of this research is to discover the many relationships in fuzzy inference systems now used for greenhouse modelling, prediction, and humidity management, as well as their change through time, in order to design more robust and understandable models. The major goal is to apply optimization techniques to find distinct linkages inside fuzzy inference systems, their configurations, and models, which are currently used for greenhouse forecast, control, and humidity modelling. The procedure is based on the PRISMA working guide. Four academic databases were combed through for a total of 93 questionnaires. Its bibliometric features have been retrieved and analysed, which helps the survey achieve its goal. Finally, it was discovered that combining Mamdani's fuzzy inference systems with optimization and fuzzy clustering methodologies, as well as tactics like model-based predictive control, assures great accuracy and interpretability.

Author(S) Details

Sebastian-Camilo Vanegas-Ayala
Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá D.C. 11021-110231588, Colombia.

Julio Barón-Velandia
Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá D.C. 11021-110231588, Colombia.

Daniel-David Leal-Lara
Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá D.C. 11021-110231588, Colombia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDST-V6/article/view/7012

A Real - time Optimizing Water Utilization Technique for Exactitude Agriculture Using WSN and GSM Module in Indian Agricultural Sectors | Chapter 5 | Theory and Practice of Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 11

 India is primarily an agricultural country. Our forefathers were completely reliant on agricultural harvesting. The agricultural sector is critical to the Indian economy, and irrigation is a major concern. Our work goal is to reduce water waste in the field by using drip irrigation and to provide precise field control by atomizing the agricultural environment using components and building the necessary hardware. Irrigation with the help of freshwater resources is critical in agricultural areas. Because of the ever-increasing demand for freshwater, automation technology and its associated apparatus, such as drip irrigation, sensors, and remote control, have enabled more efficient use of water resources.

Plant humidity and temperature are precisely monitored and controlled more efficiently using a real-time feedback control system. Drip irrigation keeps the water at a constant level, which allows the water to reach the roots drop by drop. The irrigation system operates valves by using an automated controller to turn them on and off. This enables the farmer to apply the appropriate amount of water at the appropriate time. regardless of the availability of labor to turn valves or motors ON and OFF This reduces runoff from saturated soils and helps to avoid irrigating at the wrong time of day. It improves crop performance and saves time in all aspects.

Various types of sensors were used to precisely monitor and control the agriculture field. The proposed system is implemented using an ARM LPC2148 Microcontroller. In this paper, an ARM LPC2148 Microcontroller-based drip irrigation mechanism is proposed, which is a real-time feedback control system for more efficiently monitoring and controlling all drip irrigation system activities. Coded signals are sent to the receiver. GSM communicates via SMS and serves as the link between the ARM processor and the centralized unit. GSM technology is used to notify the end user of the precise field condition. The drip irrigation method has been found to have a significant impact on resource conservation, cultivation costs, crop yield, and farm profitability.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Prathyusha. Kuncha
Department of E.C.E, NRI Institute of Technology, Pothavarappadu, Agiripalli(M), Vijayawada, A.P, India.

M. Chaitanya Suman
Department of E.C.E, Vignan's Nirula Institute of Technology and Science for Women, Guntur, A.P, India.

View Book : https://stm.bookpi.org/TPMCS-V11/article/view/1310

Influence of Temperature and Humidity on the Physiological Indices of Stress in the Obudu Mountain Landscape Environment, Nigeria: Global Perspectives | Chapter 8 | Current Perspectives to Environment and Climate Change Vol. 4

 Stress can be viewed in terms of the contribution of urbanization, lifestyle changes and the

ameliorating potential of nature related environments. This study explored the influence of
temperature and humidity of the mountain landscape environment on the physiological indices of
individuals. 38 respondents formed a single within-group study sample. Measures of Physiological
indices including blood pressure, pulse rate and respiratory rate as well as ambient environment
conditions were carried out both at the urban and mountain landscape environments. Findings imply
that temperature and humidity are aspects of the mountain landscape environment conditions that
combine to influence human physiological wellbeing. Therefore, Individuals confronted with many
sources of stress from daily engagements in urban environments can obtain short term relief in the
mountain landscape environment.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Henry Ojobo
Department of Architecture, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria.

Performance Evaluation of a Prototype Solar Dryer against the Conventional Sun-drying System in Nigeria: A Scientific Approach | Chapter 8 | Recent Advances in Science and Technology Research Vol.5

Aims: The objective of this paper is to develop a rectangular solar dryer box in which grains are dried
by direct radiation through the transparent walls and roof of the cabinet and by the heated air from the
solar collector. The temperature development of the dryer is also evaluated.
Study Design: For the development of a rectangular solar dryer system and analysis of its
performance against a conventional sun-drying system in the rural communities in Nigeria.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, College of Basic
and Applied Sciences, Samuel Adegboyega University, Ogwa, Edo State, Nigeria; between July and
December 2014.
Methodology: The dryer is made of wood with a box-like drying chamber with the top cover plate
made of tempered glass of 5 mm. This is where the solar energy is trapped and channeled into the
drying chamber. Air passing through the collector is heated. The collector consists of a glass cover
plate, an absorber plate and insulator. A colorless glass of 5 mm thickness is used for the cover plate.
It is 30 cm long and 15 cm wide. It traps heat from the sun and prevents it from escaping. It is placed
4 cm above the absorber plate, this collects solar radiation. The absorber plate is made of aluminum
sheet painted black measuring 30 cm by 15 cm. It is placed below the cover plate to absorb incident
solar radiation transmitted by the glass cover plate and heats the air passing between it and the cover
plate.
Results: We evaluated the constructed solar dryer performance using 5kg of maize cobs. Savings in
time were achieved as against open conventional sun drying, it took 2 days for the maize cobs to dry
to a stabilized moisture content of 24.3 g from 30.3 g using the constructed passive solar dryer while it
took 6 days to dry the same cobs to 25.4 g under the open conventional sun drying system.
Conclusion: The passive solar dryer dries grains faster than the open conventional system i.e.
sunlight. Since the developed dryer does not use electricity, it can be used by farmers in rural
communities. Physical observation showed that, the maize cobs in the dryer looked cleaner than
those that were sun dried.

Author (s) Details

Jackson Akpojaro
Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Africa, Toru-Orua, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

Matthew Oyeyemi
Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Africa, Toru-Orua, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/241