The Performance of a Micro-Dam Rainwater Harvesting System in an Inland-Valley Swamp in Sierra Leone | Book publisher International

 

Major opportunities to improve food security and household incomes are being missed in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) because of inadequate management of agricultural water, especially in rain-fed systems. Moreover, there are challenges of coping with water scarcity and stress due to climatic variability. Land degradation resulting from soil erosion by wind and water, and poor management of soil fertility, also contributes to low rainwater use efficiency. Sierra Leone receives a lot of rain, with an annual average of 2526 mm. During the wet season, typically between April and November, there is an excess of water; more than the requirement for crop production. However, the situation changes drastically in the dry season (December to March) when the total rainfall is most times 6-8% of the annual rainfall. Rainwater is an important input factor for healthy and productive ecosystems. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) in a watershed context has a role and an impact on several aspects of ecosystems and human well-being. In Sierra Leone, irrigation plays a minor role as almost all farming activities are rainfed. This study takes an integrated approach towards agricultural water management with specific objectives designed to optimise the availability and utilization of water and move the focus from local field level to basin or watershed scale. This research was conducted in an Inland Valley Swamp at Njala University, located in the Southern region of Sierra Leone. A micro-dam with a reservoir of capacity, 26,500 m3 was evaluated to know the extent to which it can improve cropping intensity and extend the cropping season. Losses by seepage was high, amounting to 34% and 27% of stored water during 2014/15 and 2015/16 dry season respectively. The reduction in seepage could be attributed to the addition of a layer of soil with high clay content on the upstream of the dam. Despite the seepage, there was sufficient water to support a second crop with supplementary irrigation. Yields from the dry season crop were generally higher than those of the rainy season. This throws more light on the potential for higher yields not just in the lowlands as against the uplands, but also getting better yields in the dry season as compared to the wet season. To further improve the performance of the RWH system, a novel approach was undertaken to improve rice yields and save water during irrigation, with the addition of Biochar. In doing so, the effect of biochar on water productivity under various management practices was investigated. Many studies have demonstrated that using biochar as a soil amendment can improve the soil carbon content and water retention.  The water management practices included: the Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) method, Aerobic Rice System (ARS) and the Continuous Flooding (CF) practice. In a period of three years (2014-2017), rice was cultivated twice a year, wet and dry season. The highest measured wet and dry season yields, 3.2 t ha-1 and 4.7 t ha-1, occurred during the 2015/2016 cropping season. In general, dry season yields were higher than wet season yields, plots with biochar had higher yields than plots without biochar, and CF plots had higher yields than ARS plots, which in turn had higher yields than AWD plots. The water management practices had significant effect on water productivity, with the yields under the ARS being significantly higher during the dry season of 2015/16 (p = 0.001) and 2016/17 (p= 0.003) than the CF and AWD. As the small reservoir (or pond) is a key component of the watershed and is affected by various hydrologic variables, it is critical to understand the impacts of impending climate change on its functionality. Typically, this is done using physically-based hydrologic models coupled with future climate data from General Circulation Models (GCMs). Simulated volume of water in the pond from the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was calibrated with observed data for the same period. (2014/15 dry season).  A Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) value of 0.82 was calculated during the validation of the model.  The model also predicted a reduction in the volume of stored water by the end of the century (2081-2100 as compared to a baseline period (1961-2000).

 

Author(s) Details

Mohamed Matthew Blango
Department of Agricultural Engineering, School of Technology, Njala University, Sierra Leone.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-47485-35-0

The Role of Beauveria bassiana in Integrated Pest Management: A Comprehensive Review | Chapter 1 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 8

 

In contemporary agriculture, effective pest control remains essential for ensuring healthy crop production and global food security. The excessive use of synthetic pesticides in farming has raised serious concerns about environmental damage and health risks. These impacts include the emergence of pesticide-resistant pests, reduction in biodiversity, deterioration of soil quality and pollution of water bodies. As a safer and sustainable option, Beauveria bassiana, a naturally occurring fungus found in soil, has gained attention for its ability to control various insect pests. Beauveria bassiana belongs to the phylum Ascomycota, order Hypocreales, and family Cordycipitaceae. Environmental factors, namely temperature, humidity, as well as ultraviolet exposure, greatly impact its distribution, especially in above-ground habitats where adverse conditions limit its survival during warmer months. The fungus disperses through multiple pathways, including rain splash, wind, and via insects that facilitate its movement between soil and vegetation. Beauveria infects insects by attaching to the exoskeleton, penetrating their defences, and growing inside until the insect dies. Studies have shown its effectiveness against major pests such as Callosobruchus maculatus, Tuta absoluta, and Macrosiphum rosae, making it a valuable biological control agent. Its broad host range and eco-friendly nature allow it to fit well within Integrated Pest Management (IPM) systems, reducing the reliance on harmful chemicals. Additionally, advancements like combining B. bassiana with additives such as kaolin have improved its efficiency in real-world conditions. While enhancing its pest-killing ability through genetic modifications shows promise, it’s also important to maintain its natural resilience. Overall, B. bassiana provides long-term pest control, supports sustainable farming practices, and offers a reliable alternative to chemical pesticides, contributing to safer agriculture and environmental conservation. With continued research and strategic application, it holds great potential for future crop protection, ensuring safety for both people and the environment.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Karthik Santhosh
Department of Entomology, SRM College of Agricultural Sciences, Baburayenpettai, Chengalpattu, India.

 

Vairam Namachivayam
Department of Agricultural Engineering, SRM Valliammai Engineering College, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, India.

 

Murugan Nagarajan
Department of Entomology, SRM College of Agricultural Sciences, Baburayenpettai, Chengalpattu, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v8/6241

Revamping Agricultural Marketing: Sustainable Strategies for Indian Farmers | Chapter 3 | Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 4

 

This study aims to identify gaps in the current Agri-input marketing and service delivery systems, as well as the environmental impact of the careless use of agrochemicals. It stresses the need for better agricultural input marketing strategies that benefit Indian farmers and ensure they receive fair returns. It also discusses how input companies can adopt responsible marketing practices. The study examines current challenges in the agricultural inputs market, focusing on issues related to accessibility, affordability, and the quality of input. The goal is to develop sustainable solutions that improve farmers' financial stability and support long-term growth in agriculture. While modern agricultural inputs should be used scientifically, the technical aspects of their application are often ignored, leading to serious environmental problems. By exploring best practices and innovative marketing strategies, the paper highlights the importance of collaboration among stakeholders, including government agencies, input suppliers, and farmers' organisations. It is vital to educate farmers on the importance of using the right inputs, in the correct amounts, at the right times. Responsible marketing can be achieved through transparent product information, clear communication of associated risks, ethical sales practices, and training farmers on the proper and safe use of agrochemicals. Promoting lawful use of these products remains critical. In conclusion, the paper argues that a responsible marketing framework can empower farmers, improve their livelihoods, and ultimately support sustainable agricultural development in India.

 

 

Author(s) Details

S.S. Salokhe
Indira University, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/asti/v4/6121

Determinants of Agriculture as a Career Path among College Students in Mezam Division of Northwest Cameroon | Chapter 8 | Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 3

 

In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), agriculture continues to play a fundamental role in the economic portfolio of rural households. However, rapid urban growth—particularly in Africa—is increasingly fueled by two key factors: internal migration from rural to urban areas, and immigration from other countries and regions. Generally, youths in rural Africa have little aspiration for careers in the agricultural sector and instead migrate to urban areas to seek employment and better living conditions. In Cameroon, the majority of migrants are youths aged 18 to 35, who often face significant challenges related to unemployment and underemployment upon arriving in urban areas. The government is turning to agriculture as a source of employment for youth; however, there is scant literature on the determinants of the attraction of youths, especially college students, to the sector. This exploratory study sought to identify these determinants and to investigate strategies for making agriculture appealing to students for future career development. A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to June 2023 across selected secondary and high schools. In both secondary and high schools, a semi-structured questionnaire comprising twelve open-ended and three closed-ended questions was first piloted. Based on the pilot, an average of eight students per institution were selected for individual interviews, and eight others participated in focus group discussions. Secondary and high school teachers, selected using the convenience sampling approach, were engaged in focus group discussions. Thematic analysis was conducted using NVivo software. The overarching factors attracting college students to agriculture in the study area include the availability of arable land and easy access to it, access to start-up financing, the introduction of adapted mechanization and relevant information and communication technologies, increased productivity leading to higher returns on investment in agriculture, education and training, and positive messaging about agriculture targeting youth. The study recommends profound land tenure reforms, the provision of adapted financial services, the establishment of farm mechanization pools, the inclusion of agriculture in college curricula, and positive communication strategies to rebrand agriculture. Further research should be carried out in other regions of the country to confirm the findings of this study or to identify other contributory factors of youth attraction to agriculture, which may be specific to the different agro-ecological zones of the country.

Author(s) Details

Aseh Emmanuel Vitung
Department of Business Studies, Graduate School, ICT University, Yaounde, Cameroon.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/asti/v3/5827

 

Economic Impact of Global Water Scarcity: An Overview |Chapter 5 | Science and Technology: Recent Updates and Future Prospects Vol. 10

 

The aim of this paper is to examine the economic impact of global water scarcity on both developed and developing nations. Water, like any other natural resource, is vital to a nation’s economic growth and existence. Water scarcity is dynamic and complex, emerging from the combined influences of climate change, basin-level water resources, and managed systems’ adaptive capacities. Beyond geophysical stressors and responses, it is critical to also consider how multi-sector, multi-scale economic teleconnections mitigate or exacerbate water shortages. Without adequate water supplies, a nation will face severe economic problems as well as social unrest and political instability. The current problem many nations face is their dwindling water supply. This paper will also examine how a lack of clean water will hurt a nation’s economic growth and its ability to be a viable player in global trade and be able to provide for its people. This study will also look at the causes of water scarcity and how the problem can be rectified. Policymakers and government leaders can act in a clear and decisive manner to improve the infrastructure in their respective cities, towns, states, and countries, global water scarcity will only get worse.  Improving infrastructure to provide abundant water is no longer an option, but a vital necessity.

 

Author(s) Details

Arthur S. Guarinoa
Department of Finance and Economics, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/strufp/v10/1494

A Scholarly Deficit on Contextualising Physics Instruction to Agriculture and Related Fields: A Systematic Literature Review | Chapter 2 | New Horizons of Science, Technology and Culture Vol. 2

Contextualization is a process of embedding knowledge in history, culture, philosophical inquiry, and personal experiences. In education, it is defined as the process of making the curriculum relevant to certain settings, situations, or real-life applications in which learning will be meaningful and useful to all students. The promotion and integration of agriculture concepts can be strengthened by teaching physics in the context of agriculture, such as in the Philippines, with a majority of farming, livestock, and fishing communities.

 

This is a study of the literature on contextualization of physics education on agriculture and related fields conducted to determine the agriculture and related fields used to contextualize physics instruction, to determine the parts of physics instruction were contextualized to agriculture and related fields, and to determine the areas of physics in which instruction is contextualized to agriculture and related fields.

 

After reviewing published research articles from ScienceDirect, PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Google Scholar publications, ResearchGate, and other online research repositories used for scholarly literature, results showed that very few studies were conducted that contextualised physics instruction using agriculture and related fields.

 

In the available literature, 5.26% used farming as context of their physics instruction, another 5.26% used fishing practices as context, 31.58% used environmental context, 15.79% used Indigenous/Cultural Practices as context, and 42.11% used other contexts such as household chores, biking, and other recreational activities. Of the different fields of physics, mechanics is the most contextualised to agriculture with 52.63% of the available studies, while no study contextualised Modern Physics to agriculture and related fields. The study emphasises that educators can use concepts and practices from agriculture to make science learning more meaningful, practical, and responsive. Contextualising science activity should be an important aspect of this scientific sense-making of concepts.  Based on the literature reviewed, physics can be contextualised in a manner that talks about the related experiences of the students while it fits the parts and instructional cycle of lesson development. There is a vast amount of science and technology embedded in agricultural processes and practices that educators can harness to enhance the relevance and effectiveness of science education.

 

The study concluded that the teaching-learning/instruction and learning activities are part of a lesson often contextualised to agriculture, and no available study has contextualised the motivation part of the lesson. Most publicly available scholarly works contextualising physics lessons to agriculture are foreign; thus, efforts in this area should be pushed forward in the Philippines.

 

Author(s) Details

Rey-Mark G. Basagre
College of Development Education, Central Bicol State University of Agriculture, Philippines.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nhstc/v2/5642

Sustainable Agribusiness Management: Case Studies of Innovation and Growth Across the Value Chain | Book Publisher International

This book provides a comprehensive examination of sustainable agribusiness management through real-life case studies that showcase sustainable practices and innovative strategies in the field. It aims to understand the dynamics of agribusinesses and their impact on the agricultural sector, contribute to the existing literature, and evaluate the role of innovation and sustainability in business success. This book serves as both an academic resource and a practical guide for students, educators, and practitioners. The case studies in this volume illuminate the diverse challenges and opportunities that agribusinesses face today. Each narrative highlights unique strategies implemented to promote sustainable growth, meet market demands, and navigate the complexities of climate change and consumer preferences.

 

Key themes include transforming traditional industries, integrating innovative technologies, and the significance of ethical practices in agricultural management. The book aims to inspire creative thinking and equip stakeholders with the skills necessary to thrive in an increasingly competitive landscape by examining the successes and challenges of various enterprises. Ultimately, "Sustainable Agribusiness Management: Case Studies of Innovation and Growth across the Value Chain" provides valuable insights into effective management practices. It emphasises the importance of sustainability in nourishing the global population while maintaining economic and environmental resilience. Through these compelling narratives, the book seeks to cultivate the next generation of agribusiness leaders committed to sustainability and social responsibility.

 

The geographic focus of this collection is primarily India. This specificity sets the expectations for readers regarding the context and relevance of the case studies presented, as they reflect the unique challenges and opportunities faced by agribusinesses within the Indian agricultural landscape. Through these narratives, readers will gain insights that are particularly applicable to the Indian market and its diverse agribusiness practices.

 

Author (s) Details

Dr. Shubhangi Salokhe
MIMA Institute of Management, Pune, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49970-82-3

Transforming Farms Role and Impact of Agricultural Mechanization | Book Publisher International

Agriculture's revolution through mechanization has drastically changed farming methods, improving sustainability, efficiency, and production in a number of agricultural areas. An in-depth analysis of the effects of agricultural mechanization on crop output, labor dynamics, and resource management is provided in this research, which explores the complex function of this technology in contemporary farming.

Furthermore, encouraging sustainable farming methods depends heavily on the incorporation of advanced technologies like smart machinery and precision agriculture. These technologies reduce waste and its impact on the environment by making it easier to optimize the use of resources like water, fertilizer, and pesticides. Farmers may improve crop health and productivity while preserving natural resources by using data analytics and real-time monitoring to make well-informed decisions.

The socio-economic implications of mechanization are also profound. The shift towards mechanized farming can lead to significant changes in rural employment, altering traditional labor markets and income distribution patterns. While mechanization may reduce the number of labor-intensive jobs, it can also create new opportunities in technology maintenance, operation, and management, necessitating a workforce equipped with diverse skills. Moreover, access to mechanization technology varies widely, raising concerns about equity and inclusion in agricultural development.

This book emphasizes the necessity of a balanced approach to agricultural mechanization, advocating for policies and strategies that support smallholder farmers and ensure equitable access to technology. By promoting such inclusivity, mechanization can act as a catalyst for agricultural growth, enhancing food security and driving economic development within farming communities. Ultimately, this study deepens our understanding of how mechanization can be effectively harnessed to address the complexities of modern agriculture, ensuring that its benefits are widely shared and sustainable for all stakeholders involved.

 

Author (s) Details

Dr. Polagani Nagarjuna
Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College, Bapatla, ANGRAU, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

Dr. P. Mohan Ra
Department of Soil Science, Agricultural College, Bapatla, ANGRAU, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

Dr. B.V.S. Kiran
Department of Agronomy, KL College of Agriculture, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

Dr. B. Rajyalakshmi
Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College, Bapatla, ANGRAU, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-982889-9-8

Integrating Drone Technology in Agricultural Practices: Evidence from Tamil Nadu’s Farmer Producer Organizations | Chapter 3 | Food Science and Agriculture: Research Highlights Vol. 1

The advent of drone technology has revolutionized various industries, with agriculture being one of the most significantly impacted sectors. The integration of drones into agricultural practices contributes to environmental sustainability by promoting more efficient use of resources. Indian agriculture makes a substantial contribution to the nation's GDP, employment, and food security. It directly employs over half of the country's workforce, supporting the livelihoods of rural communities. Historically, Indian agriculture has been labour-intensive and reliant on traditional practices, resulting in inefficient resource utilization. To address the numerous challenges facing the Indian agriculture sector, the adoption of emerging technologies, such as drones, is imperative. Drones have the capacity to significantly enhance agricultural practices, increasing productivity and reducing resource wastage. This study explores the economic dynamics of drone technology in agriculture, addressing a gap in past research amid the growing use of Artificial Intelligence in the sector. This study integrated the Partial budgeting approach as it allows for assessing the impact of a change in the production system on a farmer’s net income without knowing all costs of production. This study was conducted in two districts of Tamil Nadu using a multistage sampling technique to collect the data. Conducted in the paddy cultivation regions of Thanjavur and Madurai districts in Tamil Nadu, the study involves a sample of 80 for UAV technology and 120 for conventional methods. The findings reveal significant cost savings and higher profitability with drone-assisted farming, where total expenses decrease from ₹27,723.20 for conventional farming to ₹22,857.50 for drones, primarily due to reduced pesticide and herbicide use and improved application efficiency. While both methods yield similar gross returns of ₹39,100 for conventional and ₹40,640 for drone-assisted—the net returns are markedly higher for drones at ₹17,782.50 versus ₹11,376.80 for conventional practices. A per-acre comparison shows substantial reductions in labor costs, with human labor decreasing from ₹11,077 to ₹5,628 and pesticide costs falling from ₹2,032 to ₹950. Although machine labor costs rise slightly with UAVs, overall savings enhance the financial viability of drone-assisted farming. The partial budget analysis indicates a net profit increase of ₹7,331, underscoring the economic advantages of adopting drone technology in agriculture. Finally, it is concluded that the integration of drone technology into Indian agriculture, particularly in paddy cultivation in Tamil Nadu's Thanjavur and Madurai districts, signifies a transformative shift towards more efficient and profitable farming practices.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Malaisamy A
Department of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, Tamil Nadu-625104, India and International Livestock Research Institute, India.

Yazhini A
Department of Agricultural Economics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu-641003, India.

 

Raswanthkrishna M
Department of Computer Science and Engineering (AI), Amrita University, Coimbatore- 641 112, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/fsarh/v1/4322

The Missing Link between Trade, Industrial, Agriculture, and Climate Change in African Policy and Strategies’ Design, Formulation and Implementation | Chapter 3 | Business, Management and Economics: Research Progress Vol. 9

In today’s rapidly changing world, the significance of accurate weather forecasts cannot be overstated. Trade, industrial, agriculture, and climate change policies and strategies play a crucial role in shaping the development trajectory of countries and regions. They can significantly impact economic growth, food security, and environmental sustainability. The objectives of this paper are to identify the existing gaps in the design, formulation, and implementation of trade, industrial, agriculture, and climate change policies and strategies in Africa, to explore the relationship between these policy areas and their impact on sustainable development, and to provide recommendations for more integrated and effective policies and strategies. This paper’s methodology involves reviewing and analysing existing trade, industrial, agriculture, and climate change policies and strategies in Africa. The literature review reveals a lack of comprehensive and coherent policies and strategies addressing Africa’s trade, industry, agriculture, and climate change linkages. Existing policies and strategies focus on individual sectors in isolation rather than a holistic and integrated approach.

Furthermore, the literature highlights a lack of recognition of the gender-differentiated roles in agriculture and the gender-differentiated impacts of climate change. The paper recommends that African countries develop comprehensive and integrated policies and strategies that recognise the interlinkages between trade, industry, agriculture, and climate change. These policies and strategies should take a holistic approach, considering the potential synergies and trade-offs between these sectors and incorporating climate change considerations. Second, there is a need to mainstream gender into these policies and strategies. This can be done by recognising and addressing the gender-differentiated roles in agriculture and the gender-differentiated impacts of climate change.

 

Author (s) Details

Johansein Rutaihwa
Southern African Development Community (SADC) Secretariat, Republic of Botswana.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/bmerp/v9/30

Social, Cultural and Educational Evolution of Kaibarta Community in Assam | Chapter 4 | Current Progress in Arts and Social Studies Research Vol. 8

Assam is one of the old states of India. This region marked by significant ethnic diversity, has historically encompassed a blend of tribal and non-tribal communities, contributing to a complex social landscape. It is to be noted that the non-tribal category is included into three major groups such as the General Caste, the Scheduled Castes (SC) and the Other Backward Classes (OBC). There are sixteen SC, twenty seven Scheduled Tribes (ST) and twenty nine OBC communities listed in Assam. The people of all communities are peace loving and are focused on maintaining social peace and harmony in the region. They have moved away more or less from their traditional social lifestyle. The members of the Kaibarta community play a very important role in the overall development of Assam. The traditional culture and heritage of the Kaibarta community are rich and significant. The present study is an attempt to discuss the social, cultural and educational Evolution of the Kaibarta community in Assam. The secondary data were collected from both government and non-government publications. In order to achieve the objective of the present study, the descriptive research method was used in this work. The findings revealed that in spite of having a huge potential for development, most of the people of the Kaibarta community have remained backward even after seventy-three years of independence of the country. By now it is almost clear that the Kaibarta community in the state is faced with different social, cultural, and economic problems for development.

 

Author (s) Details

Poli Konwar
Department of Education, Gargaon College, Simaluguri Sivasagar, Assam, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cpassr/v8/3354

Content Analysis of Farm Broadcast Programmes of Andhra Pradesh, India | Chapter 7 | New Advances in Business, Management and Economics Vol. 1

Agriculture is the life of rural people where most of their livelihood depends. Technologies developed by the scientific fraternity are of no value unless they get into farming fields. The study was taken up to investigate the trend and frequency of coverage of agricultural information in popular farm broadcasts namely Pasidi Pantalu and Annadata in a quantitative manner. One-year content of two popular farm programmes of the Telegu language namely Pasidi Pantalu and Annadata telecasted over Dooradarshan – Sapthagiri (public sector) and Enadu television (private sector) channel were recorded by using a “set-top box”. The entire content was categorized into six categories after preliminary watching. The six categories namely enterprise-wise, crop-wise, organization-wise, package of practice-wise, duration-wise, and mode of presentation-wise. The entire content was thoroughly watched, the frequency of occurrence of the programmes was counted and percentages were worked out. The results indicated that, in the ‘Pasidi pantalu’ programme, more emphasis and more time was allotted to agriculture enterprise (33.49%), whereas, in the ‘Annadata’ programme, horticulture enterprise occupied first place with 41.55 per cent. Both channels gave more emphasis to the straight talk mode of presentation with 71.41% and 98.09 % programmes respectively. The study also indicated that research scientists are the main resource persons in both programmes. Both the channels gave the least importance to crucial enterprises like Fisheries (7.06% & 3.88%), Sericulture (3.08% & 1.45%) and Poultry (1.14% & 1.58 %). As the growing domestic and international market value of enterprises like; fisheries, poultry and sericulture, the coverage of these enterprises needs be to improved in both programmes. As a public sector channel, the coverage of general information needs to be reduced and replaced with crop and other enterprise related information in Dooradarshan - Sapthagiri. It was also recorded that, there is no coverage on most important crops like Jowar and Ground nut. Instead of research scientists, give preference to the extension scientists from KVKs and DAATTCs, as they have practical and diversified knowledge of crops. As a public sector channel, the coverage of general information needs to be reduced and replaced with crop and other enterprise-related information.

 

Author (s) Details

 

M. V. Krishnaji
Regional Agricultural Research Station, Maruteru, Achraya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

T. Gopi Krishna
O/o the Director of Extension, Administrative Office, Achraya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Lam, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

A. Srinivasa Rao
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Undi, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

N. Deborah Messiana
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Undi, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nabme/v1/4031

Management of Agricultural Companies in Portugal: How the Use of Fair Value can Promote Their Improvement| Chapter 6 | Business, Management and Economics: Research Progress Vol. 10

This article explores the use of fair value as a basis for measuring biological assets in the agricultural sector, focusing on the Portuguese context. It highlights the critical role of timely and accurate information in the decision-making processes of entities involved in agricultural activities. The adoption of international standards such as IAS 41 and IPSAS 27 has introduced fair value measurement, providing an alternative to historical cost. While fair value is relevant and reflects current market conditions, challenges remain such as market availability, valuation subjectivity and volatility. This study examines the implications of fair value for public and private entities, detailing the regulatory framework, methodological approaches and practical applications. It also discusses the advantages, disadvantages and disclosure requirements associated with this accounting approach, highlighting its impact on transparency, comparability and reliability in financial reporting.

 

Author (s) Details

Maria da Conceição da Costa Marques
Department of Business Sciences, ISCAC Coimbra Business School, Portugal.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/bmerp/v10/3564

Scientific-Social-Community Impacts: The Study on Micro Drones and Nano Drones | Chapter 3 | Science and Technology - Recent Updates and Future Prospects Vol. 5

 

This study aims to consolidate and discuss the diverse applications of drone technology across various domains, including defense, agriculture, indoor exploration, forest navigation, swarm robotics, disaster management, and waste assessment. This study encompasses a comprehensive analysis of research explorations spanning different applications of drone technology, focusing on the methodologies employed, major findings, and implications in respective fields. The study also covers research conducted in diverse geographical locations and spans varying durations, reflecting the global significance and ongoing advancements in drone technology. Various methodologies encompassing experimental validation, algorithm development, field trials, and simulations to address specific challenges in each application domain are discussed. Drone technology presents versatile solutions across diverse domains, revolutionizing practices in agriculture, exploration, disaster management, and environmental monitoring. Continued research and innovation are crucial for unlocking the full potential of drones and ensuring their widespread adoption for societal benefit.

Author(s) Details:

Dr. Rekha P.
BNM Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India.

 

Dr. Manjunath G. Asuti
BNM Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India.

 

Maaz Hussain
BNM Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India.


Misrah Naveed
BNM Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India.


Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/STRUFP-V5/article/view/14863

Impact of Bioscience and Biotechnology Developments on Increasing Agricultural Production | Chapter 1 | Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 7

The development of biosciences and biotechnology in agriculture has an impact on increasing agricultural production and livestock populations. The increase in food production, especially rice, was generated by the discovery of high-yielding varieties (HYVs), which are one of the five pillars of the Green Revolution. The Green Revolution that hit the world around the 1960s, especially in Latin America was marked by the discovery of superior varieties of corn and wheat in Mexico and soybeans in Brasilia. In Asia, especially in the IRRI-Philippines, IR-8 superior rice was found, so the annual rice production of the Philippines increased drastically, which made the Philippines the first rice exporter in the 20th century. India adopted and planted the IR-8 variety and managed to almost double the yield of rice agriculture, which made India one of the most successful rice producers in the world. Implementation of the Green Revolution in Indonesia by the New Order through a mass extension program (Bimas), one of the efforts of the five management programs was the use of High Yield Varieties (HYV) - Superior Varieties Resistant to Brown Planthoppers IR-26 and IR -36 in the 1980s, has significantly increased rice production, this is evidence of the successful application of bioscience and biotechnology.

Author(s) Details:

Made Antara,
Study Program of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Udayana, Bali, Indonesia.

Made Sri Sumarniasih,
Study Program of Agroecotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Udayana, Bali, Indonesia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACAS-V7/article/view/14259

Impact Assessment of Hail Damaged Crops in Jashpur District during April 2020 | Chapter 5 | Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 2

The hailstorms damaged crops in lakhs of acres of farm land in North Eastern states of India [1] Hailstorm is occasionally occurs in Jashpur district during post monsoon period caused crops damage and losses including houses the incident has reduced the commercial and appealing value of the crops. Though hurricanes, tornadoes and lightning command more dramatic attention, but worldwide, hail ranks as one of the most dangerous and destructive of all severe weather phenomenons [2] causing a severe damage to standing crops in a very short span of time [3]. So far meager information is available on impact of hail damage on horticultural and agricultural crops. Therefore, the main objective of this study was conducted to monitor the impact of hail storm on Rabi crops, summer paddy and other horticultural crops. Result showed significant cropped area damaged in all the crops at varying degree. However, the severity of damage was higher at flowering, fruit setting, fruiting stage, and nursery stage. In affected villages 750.3 ha area affected by hailstorm which is 38% of net sown area of affected villages of Pathalgaon block and 14.6 ha area affected at villages of Farsabahar block wich is 80% of net sown area of villages.

Author(s) Details:

Shiv Kumar Bhuarya,
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Jashpur, IGKV, Raipur- 496220, (CG), India.

Hemant Kumar Sinha,
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Chhatarpur, JNKV, Jabalpur- 471201, (MP), India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACAS-V2/article/view/13043

Spatial Method to Find Agricultural Fields in Semarang | Chapter 6 | Emerging Issues in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 3

 This study aims to find acceptable agricultural fields to support the increasing population in Semarang. GIS (terrestrial information method), a spatial approach plan technique, is an appropriate form for finding a appropriate agricultural site. Data resources in GIS software, that is to say ArcGIS, were accessible news on farmer society, position of roads, rivers, houses, slopes, and available lands. The news was obtained from the municipality. In this project, several stages were captured. First, the number of farmers in each community was compared, and two acceptable districts (Mijen and Tugu) were preferred. Second, the length of waterways and the amount of cultivated and not cultivated land in these two selected localities were compared to decide the most appropriate district. Finally, the amount of uncultivated land in a picked district (Mijen) was calculated and assessed established distance from a river, parking lot, number of dwellings, structures, and slope. In conclusion, skilled was an appropriate quantity of potential land in Mijen, Semarang, at about 287.8 hectares. However, there was a need to assemble an irrigation scheme in the district center and a highway to the north of Mijen to support available water and transportation for new named agricultural extents. The findings display that Mijen can produce over 1,500 tonnes of grain grain every growing season in this place 287.8 ha of suitable land.

Author(s) Details:

Edi Wiraguna,
Technology and Management of Plantation Production, College of Vocational Studies, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia and Production Technology and Development of Agricultural Communities, College of Vocational Studies, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia and Centre for Agrarian Studies, IPB

Ade Astri Muliasari,
Technology and Management of Plantation Production, College of Vocational Studies, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.

Widya Hasian Situmeang,
Production Technology and Development of Agricultural Communities, College of Vocational Studies, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.

Agief Julio Pratama,
Production Technology and Development of Agricultural Communities, College of Vocational Studies, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia and Centre for Agrarian Studies, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.

Wempy Sem Tandungan,
Technology and Management of Plantation Production, College of Vocational Studies, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.

Yahya Muhaimin,
Technology and Management of Plantation Production, College of Vocational Studies, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIEGES-V3/article/view/12404

Sensor Based Nutrient Recommender System for Solanum lycopersicum | Chapter 3 | Advances and Challenges in Science and Technology Vol. 3

The aim of this study search out spread information about how to use sensor dossier to establish a accuracy-based recommender system for food management. Agriculture surrounds crop and livestock result, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry for foodstuff and non-food fruit. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human culture, whereby ranching of domesticated variety created food surpluses that allowed people to person who waits on another cities.  The restoration of the vitamin is essential, in this view skilled is need to adopt accuracy agriculture system that change crop related plans and requirements, whereas nutrient administration is a major rule that is wanted to be spotlight in the field of production techniques. The exploratory study of this research work is conducted utilizing a terrace flowers. The nutrient administration with respect to the horticulture crop attractive woman is considered as the main crop. The samples are detached into two groups, A and B, which represent samples accompanying and without the use of instinctive fertilizers and manures, respectively. The results of the study of the growth parameters are proved. This paper describes the dossier collecting process utilizing sensors and an Arduino equipment. During the period of tumor, the effects of pests and some remedies used are recorded. For the purpose of creating plans for nutrient management wholes, the expert advice supported in the soil test results is taken into account.

Author(s) Details:

G. Yogeswari,
Department of Computer Science, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India.

A. Padmapriya,
Department of Computer Science, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACST-V3/article/view/12015

Irradiation on Quality Parameters of Mushrooms: A Post- Harvest Processing Analysis | Chapter 2 | Current Perspectives in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 5

 This episode aimed to study the effect of Gamma Radiation convert on physical and pertaining to food parameters of mushroom (2015-17). Food education may be thought-out as a second big progress after pasteurization. It is the process of revealing food to ionizing radiation in consideration of destroy microorganisms or bugs that could be present in the snack and some opportunity to improve the working properties of food or to remove toxins, accompanying the least compromise on neural and nutritive feature. Mushrooms are fleshy fungi, being used as snack and medicine. However, their short jutting-life and extreme initial microbial load are the bigger problems concerning their easy distribution and dependable consumption.In the current study mushrooms were irradiated for one use of Gamma (d) Irradiation chamber whole at Quality control lab, Professor Jayashankar Agricultural University, Hyderabad. Results of the current study disclosed that PLW, colour (L*, a* and b* values), moisture and fibre in mushrooms were considerably reduced between non-irradiated. Whereas, slight but insignificant changes were seen in moisture, oxygen, fibre and protein content of irradiated mushrooms at 0.25 kGy. The reduction in dampness content of non-irradiated mushrooms was more (Fig. 1) from initial (91.23%) to final Phase (79.01%) of the exploratory period distinguished with mushrooms irradiated at 0.25 kGy (92.20% to77.42%) and 0.75 kGy (92.00% to 77.53%).  All of the samples of mushrooms had considerably higher sodium and potassium fillings. Gamma radiation enhanced the useful life of product of mushrooms while maintaining their accepted quality outside affecting their physico-synthetic quality.

Author(s) Details:

B. Kalyani,
Division of Food Technology, Department of Home Science, S.V. University, Tirupathi-517502, India.

K. Manjula,
Division of Food Technology, Department of Home Science, S.V. University, Tirupathi-517502, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPAFS-V5/article/view/11744

Application of Artificial Intelligence in Drones in the Mining Industry: A Case Study | Chapter 7 | Research Highlights in Science and Technology Vol. 9

In this branch, we are utilizing AI-stimulate drones for the analysis of agricultural land use in excavating leases. Drones in mining have proved tremendous growth and have further added meaningful value to all mining projects. With better arrangement, in-depth study, diminished expenses, and profound workers' security, the mining industry has erect its hero. The automation of drone control, which involves the control of navigation and evolution, has been made likely by the use of machine intelligence (AI). Numerous techniques, such as GPS pursuing, computer view, and machine learning algorithms, maybe used to implement this application. During the survey, data was grabbed using drone tools within the mining sublet and up to 100 meters from allure boundary. The data was used to devise 3-dimensional models of the excavating lease. The survey area and winged path were forged using KML in software uses, which admitted for precise planning and killing of the drone flights.Drones are crucial for land scrutinizing and mapping due to their singular mix of dimensional coverage and resolution. The Orthomosaic device may produce extreme precision georeferencing if various ground-control points were used. In conjunction with field observations, drones determine a prompt and precise method of recording land data and allure use. A drone survey and mapping movement was conducted within a excavating lease located near the village of Kanthariya, in the Tehsil and District of Chittorgarh, top an area of 64.75 hectares, for the study of agricultural land use in the mining hire. The use of artificial intelligence to mechanize the control of drones is an application of AI in the field of drone electronics. This technology can boost the accuracy and efficiency of drone movements, including traveling and movement.

Author(s) Details:

Hitanshu Kaushal,
College of Technology & Engineering, MPUAT, Udaipur, India.

Anupam Bhatnagar,
Department of Mining Engineering, College of Technology & Engineering, MPUAT, Udaipur, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHST-V9/article/view/11665