Navigation on St. Lawrence Seaway Via Gulf of Saint Lawrence Estuary and the St. Lawrence River | Chapter 3 | St. Lawrence Seaway: Canada and United States Joint Lifeline

 

The St. Lawrence River watershed and Newfoundland, located in Canada, are currently home to millions of people. The entire Great Lakes watershed drains through Lake Ontario and flows into the St. Lawrence River near Cape Vincent, New York. The St. Lawrence River then flows northeast through Quebec and Ontario and into the largest estuary in the world, the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. The St. Lawrence River, between Ontario, Canada and New York, United States, is part of the international boundary. The St. Lawrence Seaway permits ocean-going vessels to go from the Great Lakes of North America to the Atlantic Ocean. Navigation of the St. Lawrence was not possible until canals were built around the Lachine Rapids near Montreal. The canals allowed ships to bypass the rapids and travel into Lake Ontario. In 1954, the United States agreed to joint development of the international sections of the St. Lawrence River. The St. Lawrence Seaway was opened in 1959 and permits ocean-going ships to go all the way to the southwest corner of Lake Superior near Duluth, Minnesota. During the 1970s and after more than 150 years of successful resource and economic development of the St. Lawrence Basin, a grassroots challenge to the proposed United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) planned development of the St. Lawrence River was blocked by a successful ecological campaign called “Save the River”. The objectives of the study are: 1) to study the geological and landscape properties which the St. Lawrence River Basin has contributed to the successful resource and economic development of a historically rich region of North America, and 2) to study the environmental risks to the St. Lawrence River Basin and the Saint Lawrence estuary. Planned economic and urban development of the St. Lawrence River basin by the USACE was blocked by the “Save the River” campaign. These environmental challenges include the settlement of millions of people in the St. Lawrence River basin, navigation of the St. Lawrence River, disposal of treated and untreated wastewater, water pollution, shore erosion because of high-water levels in the Great Lakes and connecting rivers, invasive species, and flooding.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Kenneth R. Olson
Department of Natural Resources, College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA.

 

Cory D. Suski
Department of Natural Resources, College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-88417-36-5/CH3

Western Great Lakes Section of the St. Lawrence Seaway | Chapter 1 | St. Lawrence Seaway: Canada and United States Joint Lifeline

 

The St. Lawrence Seaway connects Lake Superior, Lake Huron, Lake Michigan, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario to the Atlantic Ocean. The lakes and connecting rivers, St. Mary’s, St. Claire, Detroit, Niagara and St. Lawrence, have been a major artery for transportation, migration and trade. The Great Lakes have been sailed for trading and commercial purposes since at least the 17th century. Approximately 6000 ships have sunk, killing more than 30,000 sailors and passengers. The linkage of Lake Michigan to the Mississippi River has allowed Chicago’s wastewater to be disposed of into the tributaries of the Illinois River and Mississippi River to avoid contaminating Lake Michigan, the source of Chicago’s drinking water. An unintended consequence of linking the Western Great Lakes basin with the Mississippi River basin was the creation of the wet pathway (Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal) through which the flying Asian carp is trying to use to get into the Great Lakes. An electric fish barrier was constructed on the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal to prevent the carp from migrating into Lake Michigan, the Great Lakes basin and the St. Lawrence Seaway. The primary objective of this paper is to document the environmental threats to the Western Great Lakes basin, which has only one natural outlet, the Detroit River, which flows naturally into Lake Erie. These environmental challenges which are starting to requiring mitigation including the impact millions of people living in the Western Great Lakes basin, navigation on the St. Lawrence Seaway, thousands of shipwrecks at the bottoms of Lake Huron, Lake Superior and Lake Michigan, disposal of treated and untreated industrial and urban waste into the lakes, pollution of the sources of drinking water, land use change, shoreline erosion, building structures on the shoreline banks, underwater oil and gas pipelines, invasive species including Asian carp, and record high Western Great Lake water levels. The Western Great Lakes shorelines are actively eroding partly because of the high surface water levels. The high-risk erosion areas have been retreating at an average rate of 30 cm per year for the last 15 years.

 

 

Author(s) Details

 

Kenneth R. Olson
Department of Natural Resources, College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA.

 

Gerald A. Miller
College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-88417-36-5/CH1

 

Scientific-Social-Community Impacts: The Study on Micro Drones and Nano Drones | Chapter 3 | Science and Technology - Recent Updates and Future Prospects Vol. 5

 

This study aims to consolidate and discuss the diverse applications of drone technology across various domains, including defense, agriculture, indoor exploration, forest navigation, swarm robotics, disaster management, and waste assessment. This study encompasses a comprehensive analysis of research explorations spanning different applications of drone technology, focusing on the methodologies employed, major findings, and implications in respective fields. The study also covers research conducted in diverse geographical locations and spans varying durations, reflecting the global significance and ongoing advancements in drone technology. Various methodologies encompassing experimental validation, algorithm development, field trials, and simulations to address specific challenges in each application domain are discussed. Drone technology presents versatile solutions across diverse domains, revolutionizing practices in agriculture, exploration, disaster management, and environmental monitoring. Continued research and innovation are crucial for unlocking the full potential of drones and ensuring their widespread adoption for societal benefit.

Author(s) Details:

Dr. Rekha P.
BNM Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India.

 

Dr. Manjunath G. Asuti
BNM Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India.

 

Maaz Hussain
BNM Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India.


Misrah Naveed
BNM Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India.


Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/STRUFP-V5/article/view/14863

Trajectory Advances in the Spectrum of Veterinary Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery | Chapter 8 | New Advances in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

 Spoken diseases are one of ultimate crucial ordinary diseases in veterinary medicine, but dispassionate symptoms are usually nice. In addition, many oral affliction in veterinary patients cause important local and systemic health questions and mostly displays with important pain in Veterinary patients, however, this is the apparent that with the raised demand of medications or treatment for friend animals, with important treatment for oral ailments.Purpose: The goal concerning this study is to provide intuitiveness into the leading edge of oral and maxillofacial surgery so that provide a more detailed exact likeness recent practices and challenges in dispassionate circumstances that you meet on a daily base. Methods and Materials: A order of publications containing new facts on a wide range of issues in biomaterials and regenerative research in periodontology, oral surgery, and dentistry, varying from basic sciences to clinical uses.Results: The findings showed that over ancient times ten years, many studies have concentrated on the molecular, natural, and pharmacological aspects of the biomaterials utilized to progress surgical procedures on the teeth and gums.Conclusion: As a result, cases will receive marvelous medical services accompanying less morbidity and treatment. The field of surgical procedures on the teeth and gums has advanced more. The outcome of surgical situations depends heavily on preoperative preparation, thus academics have intense on enhancing it in recent age.

Author(s) Details:

Shohreh Ghasemi,
OMFS Department, Augusta University, GA, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAMMS-V2/article/view/10626

Emphasizing the Navigation in Space-Time as the Basis for Information Modeling | Chapter 9 | New Ideas Concerning Science and Technology Vol. 9

The author's definition of world knowledge modelling is presented in this article, which is focused on the central function of solar navigation (orientation in space-time by the sun). The idea arose from extensive research into the key trends of knowledge resource usage (semiotics) by humans when exploring the natural world of geographical space. The monuments of ancient material culture in European Russia and Southern Siberia served as the study's subjects. Survey, definition, observation, work with maps and Earth remote sensing, as well as statistical, conceptual modelling, and mapping methods, are all used in applied field research. Theoretical research is founded on V.I. Paranin's methodological claims of historical geography, as well as his theory of reflection and systematic and chorological approach.

Author (s) Details
 
Associate Professor Alina Paranina
Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, St-Petersburg, Russia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NICST-V9/issue/view/56

An Overview of Global Navigation Satellite and Augmentation Systems | Chapter 5 | Recent Developments in Engineering Research Vol. 11

The value and application of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) has never been greater; demand for both commercial and government projects is increasing; the ownership and operation of a GNSS facility has indeed become a matter of national appreciation. GNSS technology has become popular with a large number of users through global signal availability and continuous service. This article reviews some of the history that led the United States to build its Global Positioning System (GPS) benchmark using electromagnetic waves and reviews the progress that other nations and regions have made in constructing precise positioning systems for navigation.

Author (s) Details

Engr. Dr. Lawal S. Lasisi
Satellite Applications and Development, Nigerian Communications Satellite Ltd, Obasanjo Space Center, Affiliated to Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria.

Chatwin R. Chris
Engineering and Design, School of Engineering and Informatics, Room 2B07, Shawcross Building, University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9QT, Brighton, UK.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDER-V11/issue/view/26