Studies on Genetic Variability and Screening of Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus (YVMV) Resistance in Mutant Lines of Blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) under Field Condition | Chapter 2 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 11

Background: A breeding program requires that a gene pool be made more genetically variable. In order to increase variability and find desirable recombinants, hybridisation and mutation techniques are used in tandem. The most important disease affecting and decreasing blackgram yield is yellow mosaic disease, which is caused by the Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV). Blackgram crop land is being used for other cereal crop cultivation since resistant cultivars are not readily available. Breeding with these resistant cultivars is an eco-friendly and efficient way to manage MYMV in urdbean production.

Aim: The aim of the study is to assess the genetic variability and yellow vein mosaic virus (YVMV) resistance in mutant lines of blackgram (Vigna mungo L. hepper) under field condition.

Methods: In Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Bavikere a field experiment conducted at Kharif 2022 utilising 90 F4 M3 laid out in an Augmented design. For the summer of 2023, 30 F5 M4 were selected from the first season and laid out in an RCBD design based on seed yield, disease index, and incidence. These lines were produced by hybridising Rashmi and PU31, then treating F2 seeds at IIHR in Bangalore with gamma irradiation (20kr). Statistical analysis was performed on the data of traits means recorded on 15 selected plants for yield and its attributing traits using WINDOWSTAT version 9.2 software and R software.

Results: This study showed significant differences for most of the characteristics. The number of clusters per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of pod length, number of seeds per pod, and seed yield all showed high PCV, GCV, broad sense heritability, and genetic advancement as a percentage of mean for the first season. In terms of the number of branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of pods per plant, and number of seeds per pod, high broad sense heritability with genetic advancement, moderate PCV, and GCV were showed for the second season. Estimated high PCV values suggest greater population variability in trait seed yield per plant, but the narrow range between GCV and PCV suggests that environmental influences on trait expression are less significant. The plants that exhibited the least percentage disease index and resistant reaction to YVMV were BLM 9, BLM 20, BLM 29, BLM 44, BLM 51, and BLM 58 in the first season, and BLM 30 and BLM 51 in the second.

Conclusion: This research suggests that additional crop improvement can be achieved with using these resistant high yielding mutant lines.

 

Author (s) Details

 

N. Nagamani
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, ZAHRS, Navile, Shivamogga, Keladi Shivvappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga, Karnataka-577204, India.

S. K. Shashikala
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, ZAHRS, Navile, Shivamogga, Keladi Shivvappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga, Karnataka-577204, India.

 

B. Manjunatha
Keladi Shivvappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga, Karnataka-577204, India.

 

N. Sadashiv
Department of Plantation, Spices and Aromatic Crops and Station Head, AHRS, Bavikere, Shivamogga, Karnataka-577204, India.

 

T. N. Usha
Department of Seed Technology, Directorate of Research, Keladi Shivvappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Iruvakki, Shivamogga, Karnataka-577412, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v11/4882

Irradiation on Quality Parameters of Mushrooms: A Post- Harvest Processing Analysis | Chapter 2 | Current Perspectives in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 5

 This episode aimed to study the effect of Gamma Radiation convert on physical and pertaining to food parameters of mushroom (2015-17). Food education may be thought-out as a second big progress after pasteurization. It is the process of revealing food to ionizing radiation in consideration of destroy microorganisms or bugs that could be present in the snack and some opportunity to improve the working properties of food or to remove toxins, accompanying the least compromise on neural and nutritive feature. Mushrooms are fleshy fungi, being used as snack and medicine. However, their short jutting-life and extreme initial microbial load are the bigger problems concerning their easy distribution and dependable consumption.In the current study mushrooms were irradiated for one use of Gamma (d) Irradiation chamber whole at Quality control lab, Professor Jayashankar Agricultural University, Hyderabad. Results of the current study disclosed that PLW, colour (L*, a* and b* values), moisture and fibre in mushrooms were considerably reduced between non-irradiated. Whereas, slight but insignificant changes were seen in moisture, oxygen, fibre and protein content of irradiated mushrooms at 0.25 kGy. The reduction in dampness content of non-irradiated mushrooms was more (Fig. 1) from initial (91.23%) to final Phase (79.01%) of the exploratory period distinguished with mushrooms irradiated at 0.25 kGy (92.20% to77.42%) and 0.75 kGy (92.00% to 77.53%).  All of the samples of mushrooms had considerably higher sodium and potassium fillings. Gamma radiation enhanced the useful life of product of mushrooms while maintaining their accepted quality outside affecting their physico-synthetic quality.

Author(s) Details:

B. Kalyani,
Division of Food Technology, Department of Home Science, S.V. University, Tirupathi-517502, India.

K. Manjula,
Division of Food Technology, Department of Home Science, S.V. University, Tirupathi-517502, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPAFS-V5/article/view/11744

Gamma Irradiation of Mushrooms and its Impact on Bioactive Components| Chapter 9 | Current Perspectives in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 1

 Mushrooms are widely acknowledged as a extreme-digestive food and are acquire celebrity as a working feed. For vegetarians, mushrooms are the only instinctive beginning of vitamin D. Radiation is a novel and hopeful meal transform science. Irradiating mushrooms maybe a cautious and cost-effective habit to increase useful life of product while too guaranteeing clean and sensory kind. Mushrooms are familiar determined meals by way of the ghost of a large amount of nutraceutical elements. These are well acknowledged as basic foodstuff significance to extreme protein, low fat and depressed strength cargos. These are created in mineral such as iron, planet seen at dawn, more as in vitamins like riboflavin, thiamine, ergosterol, niacin, and ascorbic acid. They still hold bioactive elements like subordinate metabolites (terpenoids, acids, alkaloids, sesquiterpenes, polyphenolic compounds, lactones, sterols, ester analogues, vitamins, and metal chelating powers) and polysaccharides usually β-glucans and glycoproteins. Since, the occurrence of biologically alive elements like hepatoprotective, immune-potentiating, antagonistic-tumor, antiviral, hypocholesterolemic powers and everyday antioxidants constructive in lowering aerophilous damages. However, mushrooms remained underutilized, in spite of their off-course basic process and bioactive potential [1,2,3]. Novel unskilled methods are being investigated for the extraction of bioactive materials from tasty mushrooms. Main aims of the study search out see the impact of gamma irradiation, useful life of product and bioactive parts of mushrooms. In the current study reduced measurement of gamma radiation that is, 0.25 and 0.75 kGy was employed for mushrooms. Vitamin-D content was supposed in irradiated mushrooms at 0.75 kGy, was 3.92 μg, at 0.25 kGy was, 1.44μg and 2.77μg non-irradiated mushrooms. Other bioactive elements, in the way that antioxidant action, were raised all the while storage, and irradiated mushrooms employed more source of nourishment C and folic acid than non-irradiated mushrooms. The gamma luminescence from sun or other source process increases the bioavailability of source of nourishment-D, making it a good beginning of vitamin-D while still reaching the useful life of product of the grow quickly. Gamma radiation boosts source of nourishment D levels in mushrooms by converting inside ergosterol to ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2).

Author(s) Details:

Kalyani Bandi,
Division of Food Technology, Department of Home Science, S. V. University, Tirupathi-517502, India.

Manjula Kola,
Division of Food Technology, Department of Home Science, S. V. University, Tirupathi-517502, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPAFS-V1/article/view/8995

Analysis of Temperature and Irradiation Effect on P-V Characteristics of Solar Cell | Chapter 1 | Current Overview on Science and Technology Research Vol. 3

 A semiconductor diode called a photovoltaic cell uses light to create electricity (DC). The electromagnetic spectrum, from infrared (IR) to ultraviolet (UV), can be converted into direct current by any PV cell (DC). In solar power systems, elements like photovoltaic cells are used. The focus of research on photovoltaic (PV) features and PV systems as a whole is on the effective usage of PVs. Photovoltaic cells have nonlinear power-voltage characteristics. Keeping an eye on the MPP of the PV array is essential for maximising energy production (MPP). Utilizing solar cells has become significantly more challenging in recent years. More time and money are being invested in updating the technology to increase module efficiency. In this study, a solar cell model is constructed in MATLAB/Simulink from scratch using common equations for electric current. Current-voltage and power-voltage curves for solar cells can be used to demonstrate the effects of different settings.

Author(s) Details:

Radhey Shyam Meena,
eMasters in Power Sector Regulation, Economics and Management, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India.

L. Rajesh,
Department of ECE, East Point College of Engineering and Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

V. Dankan Gowda,
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, BMS Institute of Technology and Management, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

C. Ramesh,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, KIT- Kalaignar Karunanidhi Institute of Technology, Coimbatore-641402, India.

Lipika Mandal,
Asansol Engineering College, Dept. of AEIE, Vivekananda Sarani, Asansol,Paschim Bardhaman, West Bengal-713305, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COSTR-V3/article/view/8160

Struggle with Environmental Influences | Chapter 3 | Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 3

 The effect of external actions (intense external disturbance) on the operation of a complicated radiator structure is investigated. As an example, the impact of metallic objects nearing the antenna system is analyzed, in which the minimal irradiation of the user's body is realized. Two methods based on two information sources, namely antennas driving currents and antennas fields at a given point, are studied to counteract the disturbance of system operation caused by the presence of different metallic objects in close proximity to the radiators. It is demonstrated that in the presence of severe external actions, the second method based on field measurement is more efficient. It is suggested that a block scheme for automatic structure adjustment be used.

Author(s) Details

Boris Levin
Holon Institute Technology, Israel.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CASTR-V3/article/view/1408

Study on the Assessment of Genetic Variability Estimates of Selected Traits in Irish Potato Mutants| Chapter 6 | Current Strategies in Biotechnology and Bioresource Technology Vol. 3

 Objectives: Knowledge of genetic parameters of traits, such as heritabilities and genetic correlations, is important for an effective potato breeding strategy, hence the need to test genetic variability estimates of yield-related traits in Irish potato mutants Study Design: There was no replication of mutant minitubers at M1V1 generation because each does not maintain the same genetic minituber. The tubers were repeated in alpha lattice design 3 times in the generation of M1V2 and M1V3. Location and Period of Study: Irradiation was conducted at IAEA / FAO Seibersdorf Plant Genetics and Breeding Laboratories (PGBL), Vienna, Austria. The mutant microtubers (consisting of Asante, Mpya and Sherekea) were transported to Eldoret University, Kenya, for establishment between April 2015 and March 2017 following mutation induction. Methodology: A total of 30 tubers were dispatched to irradiate each of the three potatoes. Irradiation of in vitro nodal cuttings (without leaf) followed by in vitro shoot propagation and irradiation of in vitro nodal cuttings (with leaf) followed by direct in vitro micro-tuber development have been produced in two in-vitro radio-sensitivity tests involving different tissues. A total of 570 mutant microtubers (Asante 230, Mpya 160, Sherekea 180) were produced from the three potato varieties after mutation induction and were transported to Kenya to be formed at the University of Eldoret. In the greenhouse, the M1V1 microtubers were created, while the M1V2 and M1V3 mutant generations were planted in the research field at the University of Eldoret. Results: It revealed that in Mpya and Sherekea mutants, the highest positive heritability percentage (H2) estimates were 81.51 percent and 87.7 percent respectively in plant height. Conclusion: High heritability estimates of tuber numbers indicate that induced mutation has been effective in the production of new potato genotypes that will be used in future breeding programmes. The present study indicates that different genetic variability estimates were shown by the potato mutants. It was found that the number of tubers within the mutant populations exhibited high estimates of heritability. The induced mutation succeeded in producing new genotypes of potatoes that could be used in potential breeding programmes.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Emmy Chepkoech

School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, University of Eldoret, P.O.Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya.

Stephen Kimno
School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, University of Eldoret, P.O.Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya.

Miriam G. Kinyua
School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, University of Eldoret, P.O.Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya.

Oliver Kiplagat
School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, University of Eldoret, P.O.Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya.

Julius Ochuodho
School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, University of Eldoret, P.O.Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya.

Leah Boit
School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, University of Eldoret, P.O.Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya.
View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/306