Assessment of Genetic Divergence Using D2 Analysis in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Germplasm | Chapter 5 | New Horizons of Science, Technology and Culture Vol. 5

 

Oryza sativa (2n=2x=24) is a diploid monocot flowering plant of the family Gramineae, which originated in Southeast Asia and is widely cultivated in the wet tropics and subtropics. India is remarkably rich in rice diversity, including cultivars, landraces, wild and weedy relatives. Genetic variability for quantitative traits is the basic component of the breeding programme for broadening the gene pool of rice and other crops. Understanding the extent and degree of genetic divergence aids in the selection of ideal parents for a breeding programme. The present investigation was conducted with 41 genotypes of Rice during Kharif 2023 under a Randomised Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Data were recorded for thirteen quantitative characters to obtain estimates of variability, heritability, genetic advance and genetic divergence through Mahalanobis’ D² analysis. The analysis of variance was worked out to test the significance of F and t-tests. Significant differences were observed among the genotypes for all the characters studied. From the findings, the highest grain yield was observed in VASUMATHI 38.9, followed by DHAN-69 34.33 based on mean performance at the Prayagraj region. The estimates of Genotypic Coefficient of Variation and Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation were consistent for all the traits, with PCV values being numerically higher than GCV values, which indicated greater genotype and environment interaction. A higher magnitude of PCV as well as GCV coefficient of variation was noted for the number of total tillers per plant (22.05) and (21.20). Whereas the lowest PCV and GCV coefficient of variation was recorded for Days to maturity (7.40 and 6.80). High estimates of heritability (above 60%) in the broad sense were recorded for all thirteen characters under study, which ranged from 92.45% number of total tillers per plant to 61.55% harvest index. along with high genetic advance for the number of spikelets per panicle (54.38), plant height (cm) (27.95), days to 50% flowering (22.93), and days to maturity (17.72). Biological yield (g) (15.33), harvest index (%) (11.06) and flag leaf length (cm) (10.05) D2 analysis distributed the 41 genotypes into six clusters.

 

The largest cluster was cluster I with 36 genotypes, followed by cluster II, III, IV, V, and VI with 1 genotype each. The highest contribution in manifestation of genetic divergence was exhibited by grain yield per plant (22.82), followed by biological yield (21.28) and test weight (12.56). The lowest intercluster distance was between cluster I and cluster IV, which was 60.58. The intercluster distance was maximum between cluster IV and VI (247.17). Overall, the study identified VASUMATHI and DHAN-69 as high-yielding genotypes, and the clustering pattern provides useful information for selecting genetically diverse parents in future breeding programmes.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Vinayak V. Thakare
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, SHUATS, U.P., India.

 

G. M. Lal
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, SHUATS, U.P., India.

 

Bineeta M. Bara
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, SHUATS, U.P., India.

 

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nhstc/v5/6329

 

Variances and Covariance Assessment of Liquid Water Content in Precipitating Warm Cloud | Chapter 8 | Research Updates in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 9

 

A shallow cloud of warm microphysics is used to analyze the subgrid variability of liquid water content. These turbulent flows are diagnosed by means of second-order moment transport equations for liquid water quantities. These equations show that liquid water variabilities are controlled by the production of the gradient of mean liquid water quantities and microphysical processes. The contributions (source or sink) of these different productions reflect the effects of the gradient of average quantities of liquid water content and microphysical processes on the evolution of liquid water variability. It emerges that cloud water variance is mainly produced by the cloud water gradient term and constantly destroyed by the effects of auto conversion and accretion processes. Inversely, the processes of rain droplet formation and growth contribute as the main source for the variance of precipitating water and the cloud water-precipitating water covariance. Microphysical depletion processes, notably cloud droplet evaporation and precipitable droplet sedimentation, act as sinks for liquid water variances and covariance. Finally, for rainwater variability, the gradient term may be less important, but it provides real support for the source or sink terms of microphysics. This work particularly highlights the subgrid variabilities associated with precipitating droplets. In particular, this work focuses on the subgrid variabilities associated with liquid water content. Incorporating a good parameterization of liquid water variances and cloud water-rainwater correlation in statistical schemes could improve rainwater formation, growth and loss processes in large-scale models.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Bakary Coulibaly

Laboratory of Computer Science and Mechanics, Université Félix Houphouét-Boigny, 22 BP 582, Abidjan 22, Cote d'Ivoire.

Emile Danho

Laboratory of Computer Science and Mechanics, Université Félix Houphouét-Boigny, 22 BP 582, Abidjan 22, Cote d'Ivoire.

N’dri Roger Djue

Laboratory of Computer Science and Mechanics, Université Félix Houphouét-Boigny, 22 BP 582, Abidjan 22, Cote d'Ivoire.

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rumcs/v9/12465F

Studies on Genetic Variability and Screening of Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus (YVMV) Resistance in Mutant Lines of Blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) under Field Condition | Chapter 2 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 11

Background: A breeding program requires that a gene pool be made more genetically variable. In order to increase variability and find desirable recombinants, hybridisation and mutation techniques are used in tandem. The most important disease affecting and decreasing blackgram yield is yellow mosaic disease, which is caused by the Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV). Blackgram crop land is being used for other cereal crop cultivation since resistant cultivars are not readily available. Breeding with these resistant cultivars is an eco-friendly and efficient way to manage MYMV in urdbean production.

Aim: The aim of the study is to assess the genetic variability and yellow vein mosaic virus (YVMV) resistance in mutant lines of blackgram (Vigna mungo L. hepper) under field condition.

Methods: In Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Bavikere a field experiment conducted at Kharif 2022 utilising 90 F4 M3 laid out in an Augmented design. For the summer of 2023, 30 F5 M4 were selected from the first season and laid out in an RCBD design based on seed yield, disease index, and incidence. These lines were produced by hybridising Rashmi and PU31, then treating F2 seeds at IIHR in Bangalore with gamma irradiation (20kr). Statistical analysis was performed on the data of traits means recorded on 15 selected plants for yield and its attributing traits using WINDOWSTAT version 9.2 software and R software.

Results: This study showed significant differences for most of the characteristics. The number of clusters per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of pod length, number of seeds per pod, and seed yield all showed high PCV, GCV, broad sense heritability, and genetic advancement as a percentage of mean for the first season. In terms of the number of branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of pods per plant, and number of seeds per pod, high broad sense heritability with genetic advancement, moderate PCV, and GCV were showed for the second season. Estimated high PCV values suggest greater population variability in trait seed yield per plant, but the narrow range between GCV and PCV suggests that environmental influences on trait expression are less significant. The plants that exhibited the least percentage disease index and resistant reaction to YVMV were BLM 9, BLM 20, BLM 29, BLM 44, BLM 51, and BLM 58 in the first season, and BLM 30 and BLM 51 in the second.

Conclusion: This research suggests that additional crop improvement can be achieved with using these resistant high yielding mutant lines.

 

Author (s) Details

 

N. Nagamani
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, ZAHRS, Navile, Shivamogga, Keladi Shivvappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga, Karnataka-577204, India.

S. K. Shashikala
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, ZAHRS, Navile, Shivamogga, Keladi Shivvappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga, Karnataka-577204, India.

 

B. Manjunatha
Keladi Shivvappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga, Karnataka-577204, India.

 

N. Sadashiv
Department of Plantation, Spices and Aromatic Crops and Station Head, AHRS, Bavikere, Shivamogga, Karnataka-577204, India.

 

T. N. Usha
Department of Seed Technology, Directorate of Research, Keladi Shivvappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Iruvakki, Shivamogga, Karnataka-577412, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v11/4882

Variances and Covariance Assessment of Liquid Water Content in Precipitating Warm Cloud | Chapter 8 | Research Updates in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 9

A shallow cloud of warm microphysics is used to analyze the subgrid variability of liquid water content. These turbulent flows are diagnosed by means of second-order moment transport equations for liquid water quantities. These equations show that liquid water variabilities are controlled by the production of the gradient of mean liquid water quantities and microphysical processes. The contributions (source or sink) of these different productions reflect the effects of the gradient of average quantities of liquid water content and microphysical processes on the evolution of liquid water variability. It emerges that cloud water variance is mainly produced by the cloud water gradient term and constantly destroyed by the effects of auto conversion and accretion processes. Inversely, the processes of rain droplet formation and growth contribute as the main source for the variance of precipitating water and the cloud water-precipitating water covariance. Microphysical depletion processes, notably cloud droplet evaporation and precipitable droplet sedimentation, act as sinks for liquid water variances and covariance. Finally, for rainwater variability, the gradient term may be less important, but it provides real support for the source or sink terms of microphysics. This work particularly highlights the subgrid variabilities associated with precipitating droplets. In particular, this work focuses on the subgrid variabilities associated with liquid water content. Incorporating a good parameterization of liquid water variances and cloud water-rainwater correlation in statistical schemes could improve rainwater formation, growth and loss processes in large-scale models.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Bakary Coulibaly
Laboratory of Computer Science and Mechanics, Université Félix Houphouét-Boigny, 22 BP 582, Abidjan 22, Cote d'Ivoire.

Bakary Coulibaly
Laboratory of Computer Science and Mechanics, Université Félix Houphouét-Boigny, 22 BP 582, Abidjan 22, Cote d'Ivoire.

N’dri Roger Djue
Laboratory of Computer Science and Mechanics, Université Félix Houphouét-Boigny, 22 BP 582, Abidjan 22, Cote d'Ivoire.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rumcs/v9/12465F.

Induced Mutations a Tool to Creat New Variations: A Case Study of M3 Generation of Green Gram [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] | Chapter 8 | Emerging Issues in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 6

 The objective of inferred mutations direct or indirect search out create new alternatives in the crops where it does not exist spontaneously. Especially in the self-pollinated crops i.e. most of the cereals, and legumes. Therefore, present in this record of what happened we have presented metamorphosis breeding used to encourage quantitative variability in M3 production of green gram of two wonderful variety GM-4 and Meha in consideration of study effect various cancer-causing agent and for the estimation of genetic instability parameters like GCV, PCV, Heritability and Genetic advance portion of mean for characters like as source yield per plant and chlorophyll content. The analysis of difference in M3 generation for offspring within family recorded highly meaningful difference for plant climax and chlorophyll content for majority of progenies. For all types, phenotypic coefficient of alternative was higher than genotypic coefficient of difference indicating that skilled was environmental influence on these characteristics.The Field experiment was conducted at Instructional Farm, COA, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh all along the Summer-2015. The experimental material comprised M2 derived M3 seeds of sixty-six M3 offspring lines (64 mutant + 2 controls). The offspring lines were selected on the base of yield and its befriended characters from M2 generation. Each offspring line is an individual’s plant seed.Experimental completed activity to study the effect of mutation of M2 derivative M3 seeds for miscellaneous characters. M2 production consists of two base varieties (GM-4 and meha) and two base mutagens (gamma beams and EMS). The analysis of difference between offspring revealed that offspring differed considerably for chlorophyll content while non-significant for seed yield per plant. GCV and PCV were taller in all the mutagenic classification with respect to control for two together the characters in addition to for both the variety.  The phenotypic cooperative of variation for two together characters was degree the genotypic coefficient of alternative, showing that these looks were influenced by the surroundings. All of the mutagenic families displayed increased heritability, and larger genetic progress was also visualized. The results for heritability were pooled, and it was clear that these traits were ruled by additive hereditary effects likely the high estimates of heritability and hereditary advance that were scored for sources per plant.Mutagenic progenies with additive deoxyribonucleic acid effect can be picked for improvement of attractive traits in mungbean. Outcome of the investigation can be secondhand directly as a sort or parental lines for future combination programme, as majority of offspring lines showed uniformity for most of the characters and induced mutagenesis plays an main role in bettering of crops like green gram.

Author(s) Details:

D. K. Ahir,
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh–362 001, Gujarat, India.

Rajiv Kumar,
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh–362 001, Gujarat, India.

C. P. Chetariya,
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Punjab-144411, India.

Vidushi Upadhyay,
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Punjab-144411, India.

Abhishek Pandey,
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Punjab-144411, India.

Alamuru Krishna Chaitanya,
Plant Sciences and Crop Health, University of Sothern Queensland, Australia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIAS-V6/article/view/11424

Variability in Rainfall and Relationship Pattern of Weather Parameters with Cotton Crop in Jalgaon District of Maharashtra, India| Chapter 2 | Research Highlights in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 4

 The current review was undertaken to explore the impact of weather parameters on cotton region, production, and output. The average annual rainfall from 1991 to 2018 was 763.7 mm, in accordance with the study. Rainfall during the monsoon season (June to September) justified 88.6 percent of total annual precipitation. The contribution of pre-cyclone (March to May), post-monsoon (October to November) and cold (December to February) rainfall to the annual was 2.5, 6.7 and 2.3 per cent individually. The area and output of cotton has existed mainly influenced by relative humidness at evening and obliquely influenced by sunny sunshine hours in Jalgaon district all the while study period. The result under cotton was principally influenced by relative humidity at dark and rainfall and obliquely influenced by brilliant sunshine hours. The taller per cent contribution of relative humidness at evening as long as of area and result of cotton was noticed. While with the understanding of productivity of understand the wind velocity has donated more as compared to other weather limits in Jalgaon district all along the study period. Cotton result in the Jalgaon district was laboriously reliant on relative humidity in the even and bright luminescence from sun or other source hours. However, wind velocity was bearing a negative impact on cotton output in the district.

Author(s) Details:

A. A. Bhagat,
Zonal Agricultural Research Station Ganeshkhind, Pune- 411067 (M.S.), India.

A. J. Shivjage,
College of Agriculture, Dhule-424004 (M.S.), India.

C. D. Badgujar,
Banana Research Station, Jalgaon, (M.S.), India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHAS-V4/article/view/8577

Influence of Sowing Time on the Quality and Micronutrient Contents of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L): A Recent Study | Chapter 7 | Research Highlights in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 3

 Background Wheat is a chief crop that feeds millions of people, but its productivity is significantly reduced under high temperatures. Maintaining grain quality under climate change is critical for mortal nutrition, end- use functional parcels and commodity value.

objects The current study aimed at assessing the performance of 48 genotypes of wheat under two surroundingsi.e timely and late sown conditions, for assessment of mean performance, variability, correlation, and path analysis of quality and micronutrient traits.

Research Methodology The exploration was carried out in the experimental area of the Wheat and Barley Section, Department of Genetics and Plant parentage, CCSHAU, Hisar during 2019- 20. The assessment was done for 48 wheat genotypes under two temperature situations( timely and late sown terrain) in RBD design with three replications.

Results Heat stress caused a significant reduction in grain yield, grain appearance score, hectoliter weight, sedimentation value, iron and zinc content whereas an increase in crude protein, total gluten content, wet gluten content and total answerable sugar. In the present study, total answerable sugar, wet gluten content, total gluten content showed the loftiest values of variability, heritability and inheritable advance as of mean and therefore are the most important quantitative traits to be taken into consideration for effective selection. A positive correlation was seen between grain yield and hectoliter weight in timely sown terrain. Path analysis revealed the loftiest positive direct effect for hectoliter weight and sedimentation value in timely sown condition, while sedimentation value and iron content for late sown terrain and therefore in the process of selection important attention should be given to them as these characters are helpful for circular selection.

Conclusion A negative association between high yield and good quality should be an important target for the coming parentage sweats or to determine a quality parameter that performs constantly in both surroundings.

Author(s) Details:

Aashu,
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India.

Y. P. S. Solanki,
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India.

Divya Phougat,
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India.

Tanya Barpanda,
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Pune, MPKV, Rahuri, Maharashtra – 413722, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHAS-V3/article/view/8408

Assessment of Temperature Variability Effect on Rice Production in Nasarawa State, Nigeria | Chapter 10 | Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 3

 Cereal farmland production is critical for long-term global food stability. The quantity of cereal cropland production is partly a feature of climatic elements and is linked to climatic variation pulses. As a result, the impact of temperature variability on rice production in Nasarawa State, Nigeria, was investigated in this paper. The Nigerian Meteorological Agency provided daily maximum and minimum temperature data, which were translated into monthly averages, while the Nasarawa State Agricultural Development Program provided annual rice production data. The data was analysed using techniques such as the Linear Multiple Regression Model, coefficient of variance, and spatial data analysis. While both minimum and maximum monthly temperature variations influence rice production in the state, the latter, with a negative impact size of -3.145 and a coefficient value of -191,324.30 metric tonnes, poses a serious threat to rice production sustainability. Because of the negative effect of maximum temperature variations on rice production, Nasarawa State's rice production is vulnerable to climate variability as maximum temperatures rise. In contrast to the North and West senatorial districts, LGAs in the south senatorial district have more favourable positions for rice production due to less temperature fluctuation. To avoid the negative effects of temperature fluctuations, government and non-governmental agencies, as well as individuals, planning to develop rice farm project(s) in the study region should consider doing so in the South Senatorial District.

Author (s) Details

Oladeinde Stephen Olufemi
National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA-COPINE), Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU), Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.

Magaji I. Joshua
Department of Geography, Faculty of Environmental Science, Nasarawa State University, Nasarawa State, Keffi, Nigeria.

Ekpo Abraham Salamatu
Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Environmental Science, Nasarawa State University, Nasarawa State, Keffi, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/MAGEES-V3/issue/view/53

Study on the Assessment of Genetic Variability Estimates of Selected Traits in Irish Potato Mutants| Chapter 6 | Current Strategies in Biotechnology and Bioresource Technology Vol. 3

 Objectives: Knowledge of genetic parameters of traits, such as heritabilities and genetic correlations, is important for an effective potato breeding strategy, hence the need to test genetic variability estimates of yield-related traits in Irish potato mutants Study Design: There was no replication of mutant minitubers at M1V1 generation because each does not maintain the same genetic minituber. The tubers were repeated in alpha lattice design 3 times in the generation of M1V2 and M1V3. Location and Period of Study: Irradiation was conducted at IAEA / FAO Seibersdorf Plant Genetics and Breeding Laboratories (PGBL), Vienna, Austria. The mutant microtubers (consisting of Asante, Mpya and Sherekea) were transported to Eldoret University, Kenya, for establishment between April 2015 and March 2017 following mutation induction. Methodology: A total of 30 tubers were dispatched to irradiate each of the three potatoes. Irradiation of in vitro nodal cuttings (without leaf) followed by in vitro shoot propagation and irradiation of in vitro nodal cuttings (with leaf) followed by direct in vitro micro-tuber development have been produced in two in-vitro radio-sensitivity tests involving different tissues. A total of 570 mutant microtubers (Asante 230, Mpya 160, Sherekea 180) were produced from the three potato varieties after mutation induction and were transported to Kenya to be formed at the University of Eldoret. In the greenhouse, the M1V1 microtubers were created, while the M1V2 and M1V3 mutant generations were planted in the research field at the University of Eldoret. Results: It revealed that in Mpya and Sherekea mutants, the highest positive heritability percentage (H2) estimates were 81.51 percent and 87.7 percent respectively in plant height. Conclusion: High heritability estimates of tuber numbers indicate that induced mutation has been effective in the production of new potato genotypes that will be used in future breeding programmes. The present study indicates that different genetic variability estimates were shown by the potato mutants. It was found that the number of tubers within the mutant populations exhibited high estimates of heritability. The induced mutation succeeded in producing new genotypes of potatoes that could be used in potential breeding programmes.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Emmy Chepkoech

School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, University of Eldoret, P.O.Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya.

Stephen Kimno
School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, University of Eldoret, P.O.Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya.

Miriam G. Kinyua
School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, University of Eldoret, P.O.Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya.

Oliver Kiplagat
School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, University of Eldoret, P.O.Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya.

Julius Ochuodho
School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, University of Eldoret, P.O.Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya.

Leah Boit
School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, University of Eldoret, P.O.Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya.
View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/306