Rice Cultivation and Weed Control in Ghana’s Guinea Savannah Zone | Chapter 4 | Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 7

 

Rice production in the Guinea Savanna agroecological zone of Ghana faces persistent challenges from weed infestation, soil moisture losses, and high production costs associated with conventional land preparation practices. Conservation-oriented management strategies that integrate reduced tillage and efficient weed control are increasingly recognised as pathways to sustainable intensification of rice-based systems. This chapter evaluates the interactive effects of tillage practices and herbicide-based weed management on weed control efficiency, soil moisture conservation, crop growth, grain yield, and economic performance of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Field experiments were conducted in 2022 at the Nyankpala experimental field of the Savannah Agricultural Research Institute (SARI) using a factorial combination of tillage systems (conventional, minimum, and no tillage) and herbicide regimes: Pendimethalin (400 g a. i. ha⁻¹) applied as pre-emergence, Bispyribac sodium (25 g a. i. ha⁻¹) applied as post-emergence, and a combined pre- and post-emergence application. Agronomic data on weed density, weed biomass, crop vigour, phenological development, and grain yield were collected. Weed control efficiency was quantified, and enterprise budgeting was complemented with sensitivity and risk analyses to assess economic robustness under variable cost and price scenarios. The results showed that minimum tillage combined with pre- and post-emergence herbicide application significantly reduced weed density and biomass, improved soil moisture retention, enhanced crop vigour, accelerated flowering, and increased grain yield compared with conventional tillage systems. Economic analysis indicated that the integrated minimum tillage-herbicide system generated higher net returns and remained economically resilient under simulated input cost increases and output price reductions.

 

This chapter demonstrates that integrated tillage-herbicide management enhances productivity, profitability, and environmental sustainability of rice-based systems in the Guinea Savanna, providing practical evidence to support the wider adoption of conservation agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Wandaat Yennumi Emmanuel
Environmental Protection Authority, P.O. Box 80, Bolgatanga, Ghana.

 

Michael Ayamga
Environmental Protection Authority, P.O. Box 80, Bolgatanga, Ghana.

 

Dzomeku Israel K
Department of Food and Consumer Science, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.

 

Mahama Ahmed Rufai
Department of Food and Consumer Science, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/asti/v7/7041

Assessment of Genetic Divergence Using D2 Analysis in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Germplasm | Chapter 5 | New Horizons of Science, Technology and Culture Vol. 5

 

Oryza sativa (2n=2x=24) is a diploid monocot flowering plant of the family Gramineae, which originated in Southeast Asia and is widely cultivated in the wet tropics and subtropics. India is remarkably rich in rice diversity, including cultivars, landraces, wild and weedy relatives. Genetic variability for quantitative traits is the basic component of the breeding programme for broadening the gene pool of rice and other crops. Understanding the extent and degree of genetic divergence aids in the selection of ideal parents for a breeding programme. The present investigation was conducted with 41 genotypes of Rice during Kharif 2023 under a Randomised Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Data were recorded for thirteen quantitative characters to obtain estimates of variability, heritability, genetic advance and genetic divergence through Mahalanobis’ D² analysis. The analysis of variance was worked out to test the significance of F and t-tests. Significant differences were observed among the genotypes for all the characters studied. From the findings, the highest grain yield was observed in VASUMATHI 38.9, followed by DHAN-69 34.33 based on mean performance at the Prayagraj region. The estimates of Genotypic Coefficient of Variation and Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation were consistent for all the traits, with PCV values being numerically higher than GCV values, which indicated greater genotype and environment interaction. A higher magnitude of PCV as well as GCV coefficient of variation was noted for the number of total tillers per plant (22.05) and (21.20). Whereas the lowest PCV and GCV coefficient of variation was recorded for Days to maturity (7.40 and 6.80). High estimates of heritability (above 60%) in the broad sense were recorded for all thirteen characters under study, which ranged from 92.45% number of total tillers per plant to 61.55% harvest index. along with high genetic advance for the number of spikelets per panicle (54.38), plant height (cm) (27.95), days to 50% flowering (22.93), and days to maturity (17.72). Biological yield (g) (15.33), harvest index (%) (11.06) and flag leaf length (cm) (10.05) D2 analysis distributed the 41 genotypes into six clusters.

 

The largest cluster was cluster I with 36 genotypes, followed by cluster II, III, IV, V, and VI with 1 genotype each. The highest contribution in manifestation of genetic divergence was exhibited by grain yield per plant (22.82), followed by biological yield (21.28) and test weight (12.56). The lowest intercluster distance was between cluster I and cluster IV, which was 60.58. The intercluster distance was maximum between cluster IV and VI (247.17). Overall, the study identified VASUMATHI and DHAN-69 as high-yielding genotypes, and the clustering pattern provides useful information for selecting genetically diverse parents in future breeding programmes.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Vinayak V. Thakare
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, SHUATS, U.P., India.

 

G. M. Lal
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, SHUATS, U.P., India.

 

Bineeta M. Bara
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, SHUATS, U.P., India.

 

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nhstc/v5/6329

 

Evaluating Mechanical Weeding as a Sustainable Technique for Weed Management in Aerobic Rice Systems in South Gujarat | Chapter 13| Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 4

The experiment entitled Weed management in aerobic rice cultivation in South Gujarat, India was conducted during the kharif seasons of 2020-2022 at the Main Rice Research Centre, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat. The experiment was carried out with the goal to provide an efficient, environmentally friendly method and substantially reduce the cost of weed control for rice production. The different ten weed management treatments, viz. mulching with paddy straw @ 5 t/ha at the time of sowing; mulching (paddy straw @ 5 t/ha) at the time of sowing + bispyribac sodium 10 % SC, 10 ml/10 lit water at 20 days after sowing (DAS); mechanical weeding using weeder; chemical weed control (pre-pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg a.i./ha at 2-3 DAS and post- bispyribac sodium 10 % SC, at 20 DAS); mechanical weeding + bispyribac sodium 10 % SC, at 20 DAS; pre emergence herbicide (pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg a.i./ha) followed by one mechanical weeding at maximum tillering stage of crop; Intercropping in rice with sesbania (incorporation after 1 to 1.5 month of sowing); raised bed system of cultivation with application of bispyribac-sodium @ 200-250 ml/ha at 2-3 leaf stage of weeds at 20-25 DAS; weed free and weedy check were evaluated under randomized block design with three replications. The results revealed that total weed density-grasses, sedges and broad-leaved weed and dry weed biomass was affected by different weed management practices as compared to unweeded practices. Broad-leaved weeds were the top ranking weed types with the highest degree of weed infestation compared to grasses and sedge types of weeds. Total weed density and dry weed biomass were significantly lower with mechanical weed management practices than the unweeded check, which was heavily infested with weeds. The higher weed control efficiency of 61.49 and 43.97 (%) was recorded with weed-free and mechanical weeding practice as compared to the rest of the weed management treatments. Weed index (7.88) was also found to be lower with mechanical weeding practices. Yield attributes like number of panicle (per m2), panicle weight (gm); grain and straw yield (kg/ha) of rice were recorded significantly higher with weed-free and mechanical weeding practice and found equally effective. Looking at the economics, further mechanical weeding practice was found with a higher net return and benefit cost ratio. Thus, among different weed management practices, the mechanical weeding method was capable of avoiding the use of herbicides without any losses in weed control efficacy and yield. Further, this method found to be sustainable, efficient, non-chemical and eco-friendly in the aerobic system for rice production in South Gujarat.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Darpana Patel
Main Rice Research Centre, Soil and Water Management Research Unit, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India.

 

M. R. Gami
Main Rice Research Centre, Soil and Water Management Research Unit, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India.

 

P. B. Pate
N.M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/asti/v4/6313

 

Understanding Consumer Dynamics in East Timor's Rice Value Chain: A Comprehensive Analysis | Chapter 4 | Business, Management and Economics: Research Progress Vol. 6

The purpose of this work is to identify the links in the rice chain, and to characterize the consumers, along with their segments. Several challenges reduce the value of rice for consumers and the profitability of stakeholders, especially producers, while also limiting the sector’s contribution to the country’s socioeconomic development. The consumer is an important factor in measuring the performance of the rice agri-food value chain in East Timor. The methodologies used to represent the functioning of consumer preferences are cluster analysis, the K-Mean method, qualitative nature, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and regression analysis. The questionnaire was performed face-to-face, by the researcher. The data collected was analyzed descriptively, using cluster analysis to obtain the consumer segments and factor analysis to obtain the dimensions of value chain analysis. These analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 24.0) software. A sample of 240 rice consumers from the county of Dili, the capital of Timor-Leste, was selected, and the questionnaire was administered in the presence of the researcher. As consumers become more aware and experience higher purchasing standards, failure to consider their concerns will affect the profit of value chain participants, many of whom will need to update their practices. The result of the KMO statistic, 0.781, shows that the Quality of the analysis is good and the null hypothesis of Bartlett’s test of sphericity was rejected. Two components were identified; the first was found to have a higher weight of characteristics related to availability, transportation, and distance, while the second component had a higher weight of variables linked to Quality, human benefit, and healthy living. Access was the first component and Quality was the second. The study identified four consumer segments and surveyed them considering rice taste, food security, sustainability, and access. These segments can be used by public and private sector organizations as well as individuals to promote the sustainability of the rice value chain in East Timor.

 

Author (s) Details

Cristóvao Reis
Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Timor Lorosa’e, National University, Dill, East Timor.

 

Domingos Soares
Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Management, Timor Lorosae National University, Dili, Timor-Leste.

 

Agostinho Coelho
Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Management, Timor Lorosa'e National University, Dill, Timor-Leste.

 

Mateus Pinto
Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Timor Lorosa’e, National University, Dill, East Timor.

 

Francisco Assis Lima
Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Timor Lorosa’e, National University, Dill, East Timor.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/bmerp/v6/2554

Assessing Efficiency and Value Chain Performance in Rice Production: Insights from Bobonaro Municipality, Timor-Leste | Chapter 3 | Business, Management and Economics: Research Progress Vol. 6

 

The objective of this article is to evaluate the efficiency and performance of the rice production value chain in Bobonaro Municipality, Timor-Leste. Agriculture plays a key role in Timor-Leste's development and social progress by occupying and sustaining the majority of the population. The domestic production of rice is totally destined for domestic consumption; it is insufficient to guarantee the supply of the basic food needs of the population, either for reasons associated with production reductions resulting from climatic adversities or by the constant decrease in productivity, or also by the increase in the population. The method used is the mixing method (quantitative and Qualitative) and primary data was sourced from 200 rice producers in one municipality, namely Bobonaro. The Data Envelopment + Analysis (DEA), Tobit, and Regression were estimated. The results showed that the production scale presented increasing returns of about 96%. Only 3% of the sample surveyed showed an efficient scale, and about 1% presented a production scale with decreasing returns. A comparison of the six most efficient and six least efficient rice producers in Bobonaro, focusing on the output of the rice agri-food value chain. The results of multiple linear regression analyses show that the model has a degree of adjustment of 60,63%, and the model is statistically significant. The estimated coefficients are statistically significant for land, seed, capital, and IR8 variety. There are many factors that influence the decision-making of producers when selling their rice products. Rice distribution chains operate through various channels, including traders, companies, wholesalers, retailers, and agents. A significant portion of value seekers prefer to buy in traditional and modern stores, suggesting an opportunity for value chain participants to redirect their efforts to meet modern retail standards. The actors in the value chain, especially producers, need a good policy from the government of Bobonaro municipality to improve the quality attributes of their rice fields, aligning their practices to the specific needs of consumers.

 

 

Author (s) Details

 

Cristóvao Reis
Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Timor, Lorosa'e National University, Dili, East Timor.

 

Longuinhos Santos
Department of Tourism, Faculty of Economics and Management, Timor, Lorosa'e National University, Dili, East Timor.

 

Domingos Soares
Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Management, Timor Lorosa’e, National University, Dili, Timor-Leste.

 

Agostinho Coelho
Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Management, Timor Lorosa'e National University, Dili, Timor-Leste.

 

Francisco Assis Lima
Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Timor, Lorosa'e National University,Dili, East Timor.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/bmerp/v6/2537

Comparative Efficacies of Insecticides against Rice Gall Midge, Orseolia oryzae (Wood-Mason) Management | Chapter 11 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 2

The Rice Gall Midge (Orseolia oryzae) has been reported as a pest of rice from several Asian countries like Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam. In India, it is a serious pest of irrigated and shallow-water rice ecosystems.  Management of rice gall midge is required in case it reaches above the economic injury level (EIL) and this can be attained through novel insecticides which are important in sustainable agriculture practices. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out to determine the comparative efficacy of newer insecticides with different modes of application. A total 5 insecticidal molecules were selected with their both granular and foliar formulations, viz., Flubendiamide 0.7G, 20 WDG; Cartap hydrochloride 4G, 50 SP; Chlorantraniliprole 0.4G, 18.5 SC; Fipronil 0.3G, 5 SC and Carbofuran 3G as check insecticide, applied at nursery and 25 DAT, 25 DAT and PI to Booting and, Nursery, 25 DAT and PI to Booting stages against rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzae (Wood-Mason) in rice during rabi, 2020-2021. All the treatments were effective for gall midge. Fipronil 0.3G formulation @ 1000 g/ ha at nursery, 20 kg/ ha at 25 DAT and 5 SC @ 1000 ml/ ha at PI to Booting stage (T₁₂) was significantly superior (>80% reduction over control) for gall midge management followed by Carbofuran 3G (T₁₃) @ 2000 g/ ha at nursery and 25 kg/ ha at 25 DAT (>75% reduction). The untreated plots had more silver shoots (6.47% overall silver shoot mean) than other chemical-treated plots. However, among all the treatments, Chlorantraniliprole (T₉) took the lead in the highest yield realization (79.08 q//ha) with a 42% increase over control.

 

Author (s) Details

 

D. Bhavana
Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030, India.

 

S. Malathi
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Malyal, Mahabubabad-506 101, India.

 

N.R.G. Varma
Rice Research Centre, Agricultural Research Institute, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030, India.

 

R. Shravan Kumar
Regional Agricultural Research Station, Warangal-506 007, India.

 

 

T. Kiran Babu
Rice Research Centre, Agricultural Research Institute, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v2/5118

Assessment of the Arsenic Contamination and Toxicity Level in Rice Crop and Paddy Straw in Chhattisgarh, India | Chapter 1 | Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 10

Rice is a particularly efficient scavenger of arsenic. WHO set worldwide, guidelines for what it considers to be safe levels of arsenic in rice, suggesting a maximum of 200 micrograms per Kilogram for white Rice and 400 micrograms per Kg for brown rice. Rice as well as Straw (Paddy straw) contain high amounts of As due to Crop irrigated with high Arsenic content water or grown in soil having 0.01 ppm of arsenic even if grains cooked in water having high Arsenic content increase the arsenic toxicity in animals as well as human being when consumed it. The aim of the study is to explain how arsenic in plants hampers the food chain circle. Arsenic accumulation in rice straws could be a direct threat to their health via presumably contaminated bovine meat and milk. The present paper deals with the toxicity level of Arsenic in Rice and Paddy straw of the Rajnandgaon district of Chhattisgarh. Rice, Grain and Straw were collected from different fields after harvesting. A minimum of 6 samples from each village were collected for this study. Grain portions of the rice and straw were digested separately (heating block digestion procedure). As a result, it found that the As level in both Rice grain and Paddy straw is lower than 1 mg kg-1 (WHO), which is the permissible limit of arsenic toxicity in rice plants and paddy straw.

 

Author (s) Details

Kranti Sharma
Kamdhenu Panchgaya Reserch & Extension Centre, Anjora, Durg, India.

 

Mukesh Sharma
Daushree Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Visvavidhalaya Anjora, Durg, India.

 

Manoj Kumar Gendley
Daushree Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Visvavidhalaya Anjora, Durg, India.

 

Shraddha Nety
Daushree Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Visvavidhalaya Anjora, Durg, India.

 

Vandana Bhagat
Daushree Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Visvavidhalaya Anjora, Durg, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/geserh/v10/4871

The Details of Multi-elemental Analysis and 2D Image Mapping within Roots, Leaves, and Seeds from Oryza glaberrima: Application of the Micro-PIXE Technique | Chapter 3 | Scientific Research, New Technologies and Applications Vol. 7

The Oryza glaberrima Steud (OG) plant was domesticated 3,500 years ago in the inland delta of the upper Niger River in present-day Mali. From there, it spread across all of West Africa and adapted to very different environments from the desert region of Mali to the humid forests of Sierra Leone. Understanding metal accumulation at the organ level in roots, leaves and seeds in O. gla-berrima (OG) is crucial for improving physiological and metabolic aspects in growing Asian and African rice in salted areas. The micro-analytical imaging techniques are required to reveal its accumulation and distribution within plant tissues. The aim of the study is to investigate the metal accumulation at the organ level in roots, leaves, and seeds in African rice by performing 2D elemental image mapping and by determining their elemental composition. PIXE studies were performed to determine different elements in rice plants. The existing microbeam analytical technique at the iThemba LABS applied for the 2D image mapping of fresh rice tissues to perform a concentration of low atomic mass elements (such as Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, Br, Zn and K) with detection limits of typically 1-10µg/g. Comparison of the distribution of the elements between leaves, root and seed samples using uptake and distribution of elements in particular environmental conditions with potential amount of salt in water was done. The results showed that there were significant correlations among most of the mineral element contents. Ca, Al, Si, Cl, K, S, and P contents were significantly correlated with most of the other mineral element contents, while Br, Cu, Zn, Ti, Mn, and Fe content showed significantly negative associations with the S, Cl and Ca contents of rice side leaves. The study also indicated metal exclusion as a salt tolerance strategy from leaves, root, and seed compartments using matrix correlation between samples and between elements on rice species. The study concluded that Micro PIXE analysis has shown the elemental distribution of Cl, Si, and K are localized on the epicuticular surface of the flag leaves, whereas other elements S, Zn, Cu, P, Mn, Ca, and Ti are on the cytoplasm.  

 

Author (s) Details

Alassane Traore
Department de Physique, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal.

 

Anna Ndiaye
Department de Chimie, Faculté Des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal.

 

Christopher Bongani Mtshali
Tandetron laboratory – IBA group iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa.

 

Manneh Baboucarr
Africa Rice Center, St Louis, Senegal.

 

Jean Paul Latyr Faye
Department de Physique, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal.

 

Daouda Mbodj
Africa Rice Center, St Louis, Senegal.

 

Kandiaba Traore
Africa Rice Center, St Louis, Senegal.

 

Tapha Gueye
Africa Rice Center, St Louis, Senegal.

 

Ababacar Sadikhe Ndao
Department de Physique, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/srnta/v7/2477

Applying Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (ScCO2) for Instant Rice Production | Chapter 4 | Scientific Research, New Technologies and Applications Vol. 9

Rice is one of the most important foods for humans especially in Latin America and in Asian countries. In addition, rice is the most valuable for the fundamentals of the Thai economy. In order to produce instant rice, this study looked into the use of supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO₂). The efficiency of three pretreatment techniques—cooking, freezing, and ScCO₂—in shortening the time required for rehydration and maintaining rice quality was compared. The findings demonstrated that the pretreatment of white and brown rice with ScCO₂ at 600 bar notably reduced the amount of time needed for rehydration. Furthermore, the rice grains' increased porosity as a result of the ScCO₂ treatment aided in their quicker rehydration. This study highlights the potential of ScCO₂ as a technology that could produce instant rice of superior quality and greater cooking convenience, benefiting the food industry as well as consumers.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Mohammad Naghi Eshtiaghi
Department of Chemical Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Puthamonthon Sai 4, Salaya, 73170 Nakhorn Pathom, Thailand.

 

Nithima Nakthong
Department of Chemical Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Puthamonthon Sai 4, Salaya, 73170 Nakhorn Pathom, Thailand.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/srnta/v9/2811

Characterization, Breeding and Selection of Rice Germplasm Panels Adapted to Low Soil Phosphorous and Nitrogen Environments in Kenya: An Advanced Study | Chapter 7 | Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 8

Rice breeding efforts in Kenya have slowly been taking place to develop locally adapted high-yielding varieties with desirable eating qualities. Soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deficiencies are among the major constraints constrictive to rice productivity globally, especially in resource-poor farming systems which were traditionally self-sustaining through slash and burn. There is therefore need to develop rice genotypes with enhanced root architecture that help them tolerate low soil N and P conditions. This work aimed at developing rice genotypes with enhanced tolerance to low N and P conditions through targeted breeding approaches that include hybridization, evaluations and recent works on rice research space. A diverse panel of rice germplasm obtained from CIAT Colombia as accessions and breeds for rainfed conditions were screened under controlled and field conditions to identify traits associated with nutrient use efficiency and generate information in this discipline. A total of 389 accessions and a local cultivar Duorado precoce were evaluated in a simple 30 × 13 alpha lattice design with two replications under four soil experimental environments (N⁻P⁻, no N or P application, N⁻P⁺, P applied, N⁺P⁻, N applied and N⁺P⁺, both N and P applied) at the rate of 60 kg P and 90 kg N ha^-1. Data was recorded on Days to heading, anthesis and maturity (days), P and N tolerance, plant height (cm), above ground biomass (g), number of panicles (absolute numbers per ten plants), days to maturity (days), 1000 grain weight (g), and grain yield (kg ha^-1). The genotypes and environments were highly significant for all the traits studied. The degree of genetic determination (H²) ranged from 6.8% for P tolerance to 36.5% for above ground biomass. The phenotypic coefficient of variation of genotypes ranged from 14.3% for days to maturity to 159.7% for top biomass. The genetic advance (GA) ranged from 0.2 for phosphorous tolerance to 1080.5 for grain yield, while the genetic advance expressed as a percent of the mean was 5.7% for days to maturity and 87.9% for top biomass. The top biomass seems to be a highly heritable trait and simple phenotypic selection is possible. The ten characters studied had wide variability under the four environments with days to maturity ranging from 188 for genotype ARCCU1Fa1-L4P3-HB under N⁺P⁺ to 177 for genotype CT16333(1)-CA-1-M under N⁻P⁻ condition. The highest yielding genotype was CT16328-CA-18-M under N⁻P⁻ with 5916 kg ha^-1. The germplasm showed variability for low soil N and P adaptation, and hence improvement was possible to take advantage of the vast unexploited both rainfed lowland and upland environments for increased rice productivity to meet food-feed and nutritional households and national security in Kenya. There was high variability among the genotypes to warrant rice improvement for yield. Field trials conducted at AfricaRice research fields in Senegal have revealed significant yield improvements in the newly developed lines under nutrient deficient, toxic elements and problem soil environmental conditions. This study underscores the potential of breeding for nutrient-efficient rice varieties as a sustainable economic solution that reduces the need for fertilizers used to enhance productivity in nutrient-poor soils, contributing to food-feed and nutritional security in sub-Saharan Africa.

 

Author (s) Details

Kimani J. M
Food Crops and Natural Resource Management Department, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Industrial Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 16-80109, Mtwapa, Kenya.

 

Sang Bok Lee
Korea-Africa Food and Agriculture Cooperation Initiative, Africa Rice Training Center, Saint louis Africa Rice (Saint-Louis Senegal) Ndiaye, B.P. 96, Saint-Louis, Senegal.

 

Kang Kyung – HO
Korea-Africa Food and Agriculture Cooperation Initiative, Africa Rice Training Center, Saint louis Africa Rice (Saint-Louis Senegal) Ndiaye, B.P. 96, Saint-Louis, Senegal.

 

Phoebe Anyango Sikuku
Department of Botany, School of Physical and Biological Sciences, Maseno University, P.O. Box Private Bag, Maseno, Kenya.

 

Emily Waringa Gichuhi
Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Industrial Crops Research Centre, P.O BOX 298-10300, Mwea, Kerugoya, Kenya.

 

Mutiga Samuel Kilonzo
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) ICRAF House, United Nations Avenue – Gigiri, PO Box 1041-00621, Nairobi, Kenya.

 

David Mwongera Thuranira
Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Horticultural Research Institute, P.O BOX 220-01000, Thika, Kenya.

 

Clotilda Nekesa Ondiko
Food Crops and Natural Resource Management Department, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Industrial Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 16-80109, Mtwapa, Kenya.

 

Lusike Wasilwa
Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, Post Office: P.O.Box 57811, City Square, NAIROBI, 00200, Kenya Kaptagat Rd, Loresho Nairobi, Kenya.

 

John Kirao Kalume
Food Crops and Natural Resource Management Department, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Industrial Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 16-80109, Mtwapa, Kenya.

 

Tongoona P.
African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of Kwa Zulu Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Republic of South Africa.

 

Derera J.
African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of Kwa Zulu Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Republic of South Africa and International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), PMB 5320, Oyo Road, Ibadan 200001, Oyo State, Nigeria.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpas/v8/4081

Effects of Soil Chemical Environment Changes Induced by Integrated Nutrient Management Practices on Yield, Economics and Soil health under Rice-fallow Cropping System | Chapter 4 | Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 3

Soil health is one of the key factors, which decides the yield targets. Chemical fertilizers are essential basic needs of present-day intensive Agriculture. Continuous use of these chemical fertilizers leads to the deterioration of soil fertility. The current study investigated changes in the soil chemical environment by integrated nutrient management practices and its effect on yield, and economics under the rice-fallow cropping system. The field trial was carried out in an Instructional farm, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Angul during the kharif seasons of 2011 and 2012. The experimental trial was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. The results indicated application of 50% RDF + 10 t FYM (Farm Yard Manure) + Azotobacter, Azospirillum & PSB @5kg ha^-1 each recorded higher organic carbon(0.446 %), N(211 kg ha^-1), P(25.50 kg ha^-1), K(198 kg ha^-1), S (25.7 kg ha^-1 ), Ca(0.22%), Mg(0.09 %), grain yield (51.43 q ha^-1), harvest index (49.81 %), gross return (Rs.69470 ha^-1) and influenced greatly on changes in soil chemical environment which enhances the yield, economics of rice and soil fertility. The study concluded that integrated nutrient management coupled with organic manures, bio fertilizers and chemical fertilizers influenced greatly the variation in soil chemical properties and enhanced the yield, economics of crop and fertility status of the soil.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Tiryak Kumar Samant
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Angul-759132, Odisha, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cbrp/v3/4351

Optimizing Rice Cultivation: Impact of Mid-Season Drainage, Sulphate and Blue-Green Algae on Yield and Greenhouse Gas Emissions | Chapter 10 | Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 3

 

This study evaluates the effects of mid-season drainage, sulphate addition, and blue-green algae application on methane emissions, carbon flux, and rice yield using field experiments and the DNDC model. Results demonstrated a 48% reduction in methane emissions and significant yield improvements with combined practices. The DNDC model validated these findings, showcasing its utility in estimating greenhouse gas emissions under modified management conditions. These findings highlight the potential for integrating sustainable practices in rice cultivation to mitigate climate change while maintaining productivity.

 

Author (s) Details

Natarajan, S. K.
Tapioca and Castor Research Station, Yethapur, 636 119, P.G. Palayam (PO), Salem District, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Kavitha Mary, J.
Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Senthilraja, K.
Department of Agro Climate Research Center, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Usharani, K.S.
Plant Breeding and Genetics, Department of Crop Improvement, Kumaraguru Institute of Agriculture, Nachimuthupuram, 638 315, Erode District, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Geethalakshmi, V.
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Bhuvaneswari, J
Department of Agronomy, VOC Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam, 628 252, Vallanad, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/geserh/v3/3706

Yield and Technology Gap Analysis for Enhancement of Rice Production and Productivity under Rain-Fed Conditions of Chandel, Manipur, India | Chapter 3 | Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 7

In order to evaluate the effects of rice production under Frontline Demonstration (FLD) in terms of yield, yield gap/extension gap, technology gap, and economic gains during the kharif season from 2018 to 2022, a study was carried out in the Chandel district of Manipur state. The current FLD on rice variety RC-Maniphou-13 was conducted at 40 hectares in 92 farmers' fields across several villages of Chandel district, Manipur by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Chandel, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Centre for North Eastern Hill Region (ICAR-RC for NEH-Region), Manipur Centre. The findings showed that throughout the experimentation years, the average grain production of rice in the demonstration field varied from 57.60 to 60.60 q/ha during 2018 to 2022, while in farmers' practices, it was between 42.50 and 47.33 q/ha during 2018 to 2022. The range of the production percentage increase for Demonstration Practices over Farmers' Practices was 28.04 to 35.53 during the five years of studies. The yield gap/technological and extension gaps, in that order, were from 9.40 to 12.40 and 13.27 to 15.10 q/ha, respectively. Likewise, over the course of the study, the technology index dropped from 17.71 to 13.43 percent. Under demonstration, the benefit-cost ratio ranged from 1.98 to 2.65, but under farmer practices, it ranged from 1.09 to 1.91. The yield potential of rice was greatly enhanced by FLD on improved practices with High Yielding Variety of proven technologies in farmers' fields, leading to an increase in production and productivity. Additionally, by closing the technology gaps, farmers' income levels improved the standard of living for the farming community in the region.

Author(s) Details:

Khumlo Levish,
ICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Chandel, ICAR-RC for NEH Region Manipur Centre, Monsangpantha Chandel – 795127, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACAS-V7/article/view/14261

Unveiling the Secrets of Rice Survival: Advances in Submergence Tolerance Research | Chapter 3 | Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 1

 As a global dietary mainstay, particularly in South and South-east Asia, rice grapples with incessant flood threats. The game-changing SUB1 gene has robustly fortified rice against submergence through successful crossbreeding initiatives. This comprehensive review meticulously navigates the multifaceted landscape, examining the impacts of floods on rice, tracing the molecular evolution of the SUB1 gene, and unraveling associated biotic resistances.

Delving beyond SUB1, the spotlight now turns to the Leaf Gas Film 1 gene, offering a promising avenue for heightened submergence tolerance by facilitating essential underwater gas exchange. This genetic exploration extends to the ongoing quest for other Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs), necessitating sustained research endeavors to meet the escalating nutritional needs of our ever-expanding global population.

In the intricate tapestry of rice resilience, the strategic integration of these genetic factors emerges as a beacon of hope, ensuring a more secure future for this vital crop amidst evolving environmental challenges. The dynamic synergy of genetic advancements promises a resilient and sustainable path forward for rice cultivation on a global scale.

Author(s) Details:

Ms. Anirneeta De,
Department of Botany, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, India.

Dr. Avishek Dey,
Department of Botany, Ramanda Centenary College, Purulia, India.

Dr. Subrata Raha,
Department of Botany, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, India.

Dr. Dipak K Kar,
Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/IBS-V1/article/view/14012

Integrated Disease Management in Rice: Experience from the Northwestern Himalayas in Jammu and Kashmir | Chapter 1 | Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 2

Integrated Disease Management (IDM) plays a crucial role in improving the yields and quality of produce. Resistant variety, seed treatment, optimum spacing, use of balanced fertilizers and proper water management are some important components of IDM. There is need to test and demonstrate these IDM modules at farmers’ field for their wider adaptability. To fulfil this objective On-farm trials and front-line demonstrations were conducted on IDM in rice crop in district Kulgam of Jammu & Kashmir Union Territory. The results indicated that use of old disease susceptible varieties, farmers tendency to use higher doses of nitrogen fertilizer and reluctance for using fungicides were major reasons of disease incidence. Crop yield improvement to the tune of 15.5 to 36 per cent by IDM module over farmers practice and returns were also higher in former. The results signify the role of integration of disease management techniques under changing climatic conditions and increasing costs of cultivation and threats to the environment due to indiscriminate use of agro-chemicals.

Author(s) Details:

T. Mubarak,
Mountain Research Center for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kashmir (J & K)-192021, India.

Z. A. Bhat,
Division of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kashmir (J & K)- 191102, India.

A. Shakoor,
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kulgam, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kashmir (J & K)-192231, India.

Hasseb-Ur-Rehman,
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kulgam, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kashmir (J & K)-192231, India.

Shahid A. Sheergojari,
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kulgam, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kashmir (J & K)-192231, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACAS-V2/article/view/13039

Physiological Response of Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield Attributes in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes under Different Nitrogen Levels | Chapter 4 | Research Highlights in Science and Technology Vol. 6

 This division is useful to screen most N adept genotypes which maybe  strongly submitted to rice growers to improve crop yield irrespective of use of extreme dose of N fertilizers. The unoriginal farming considerably depending on synthetic fertilizer recommendation has been double-put paint or finish on; yield increase but environmental concerns to a degree soil degradation, organic diversity. A Field experiment was conducted at PJTSAU, Hyderabad, Telanagana, India all along 2011-12 to evaluate the effectiveness of varying nitrogen (N) manure rates on growth and yield limits, along with NUE (Nitrogen Use Efficiency) accompanying two N levels 60 and 120 kg N ha-1 as main treatments and twenty six edible grain genotypes as sub situations. N nutrition influences the content of photosynthetic pigments, combining of the enzymes taking part in the carbon decline,   formation of the sheath system of chloroplasts, etc. Photosynthetic rate raised from maximum tillering (18.41 m mol CO2 m-2 s-1) to flowering stage (22.24 m mol CO2 m-2 s-1) and written a decrease thereafter towards adulthood stage (13.23 m mol CO2 m-2 s-1). Application of appropriate level of N fertilization is a main objective to increase NUE by rice assortments. Among  the genotypes, MTU-1001 recorded the maximum seed yield of 5021 kg ha-1 even under application of 60 kg N ha-1 with maximum NUE in 60 kg N ha-1 (83.68) and minimum in 120 kg N ha-1 (45.53). NUE acted not increase linearly with the amount of N use and higher N levels presented significantly lower NUE principles. N contributes to hydrogen accumulation in culms and leaf sheaths all the while the pre-heading stage and basic during the ripening stage of edible grain. Maximum yield can be attributed to maximum SCMR (SPAD Chlorophyll rhythm reading) principles, more photosynthetic rate, more tillers and panicles, more number of grains hill-1, maximum suffused grain allotment and minimum spikelet sterility.

Author(s) Details:

K. Rajesh,
Department of Crop Physiology, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad- 500 030, Telangana, India.

Ramesh Thatikunta,
Department of Crop Physiology, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad- 500 030, Telangana, India.

D. Saida Naik,
Department of Crop Physiology, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad- 500 030, Telangana, India.

J. Arunakumari,
Department of Biochemistry, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad- 500 030, Telangana, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHST-V6/article/view/11338

Three Varieties Rice from Central Java- Indonesia: Rice Bran Potential as Antioxidant | Chapter 8 | Novel Aspects on Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 6

 This affiliate evaluate antioxidant action from different polarities rice edible grain extract of three varieties of edible grain using two forms of antioxidant testing that were FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), and correlation of total phenolic, flavonoid and carotenoid content with their EC50 of FRAP and IC50 of DPPH antioxidant exercises. Rice bran is a rich beginning of natural antioxidants that can be used as free radical scavengers. It is widely acknowledged that many of the today’s diseases are on account of the oxidative stress that results from an imbalance middle from two points formation and retaliation of free radicals. Reflux extraction was carried out accompanying various opposition solvents. A turning evaporator was used to evaporate the extracts. By utilising UV-visible spectrophotometry, the total amount of phenolic, flavonoid, and carotenoid content was driven. Antioxidant activities were evaluated using the FRAP and DPPH tests, and their partnership with the EC50 of FRAP capacities and the IC50 of DPPH scavenging projects was examined utilizing Pearson's method.Ethanolic edible grain bran extract of hopeless rice showed rude EC50 of FRAP capacity 64.35 μg/ml and IC50 of DPPH scavenging venture 23.92 μg/ml. Present research exposed that EC50 of FRAP volumes and IC50 of DPPH scavenging activities of various edible grain bran extracts from three types rice in the range of 64.35 - 387.90 μg/ml and 23.92 - 143.59 μg/ml, individually. FRAP and DPPH assays have the same machine reaction which is energized matter transfer. Electron transfer in DPPH assay, including talent to scavenge free radical of DPPH, at the same time in FRAP assay depend on reduction potential of sample The topmost phenolic content, flavonoid content and carotenoid content were also likely by ethanolic rice edible grain extract of black edible grain. There were significantly negative correlations betwixt total phenolic content and carotenoid content in rice edible grain extract of red edible grain and black rice accompanying their IC50 of DPPH.By DPPH assay, all rice edible grain extracts were extremely powerful antioxidants, with the exception of the n-hexane edible grain bran extract of black edible grain and the ethanolic rice edible grain extract of white edible grain. Red and black rice edible grain extracts' phenolic and carotenoid components were the main beginning of the antioxidant activity calculated by the DPPH experiment.  DPPH and FRAP methods displayed linear influence antioxidant activities of edible grain bran extracts of angry rice. Rice bran of glowing and black edible grain had potential to be grown as natural antioxidant sources.

Author(s) Details:

Rika Hartati,
Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia.

Slamet Tuty,
Department of Pharmacy, Al-Ghifari University, Bandung, Indonesia.

Hegar Pramastya,
Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia.

Sukrasno,
Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia.

Irda Fidrianny,
Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAPR-V6/article/view/11362

Greengram Growth and Yield under the Rice-Pulses Cropping System: Residual Effects of Various Vermicomposts | Chapter 2 | Emerging Issues in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 4

 The present study was proposed to investigated the leftover effect of various types of vermicomposts on greengram growth and yield under edible grain-pulses cropping plan. Vermicompost is an utilizable basic source which is capably used for one plants due to allure mucous covering in vermicast and slow release of the nutrients. Vermicompost use is more economical than artificial organic manure. So, economic being, environmental stability, and improving livelihood status are the major causes for allure worldwide adoption in snack production.The study design secondhand in the field experiment was randomized complete block design accompanying 11 treatments and 3 replications. The experiment was conducted all the while the year 2021after the harvest of edible grain.The various types of vermicomposts were used to the previous crop rice as basic application. The greengram was planted after the harvest of edible grain with the handy moisture and residual vitamins present in the field. The green grandam variety mature was CO 8 with the duration of 60 days. The sources were sown at the organize of 30cm x 10cm in between the rows of edible grain stalks in the plot. The observations were made for the tumor and yield parameters like plant altitude (cm), drymatter production (kg ha-1), number of pods plant-1 and the beginning and haulm yield.Among the various vermicomopsts applied, the vermicompost adapted from the coconut wastes doctored with Eudrillus eugeniae (T2) acted well and residual nutrients were efficiently utilised by the greengram crop and the progress and yield were higher in this place treatment. The slightest growth and yield of greengram was found in the situation Eisenia foetida treated accompanying farmwastes (T9) which was attended by control as the treatment was without use of any vermicomposts.It maybe concluded that vermciomposts willing from earthworm species Eudrillus eugeniae with head wastes have higher leftover nutrients and it maybe suggested to the farmers to produce and take advantage of this type of vermicompost.

Author(s) Details:

B. S. R. Niivedidhaa,
Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India.

N. Maragatham,
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India.

N. Thavaprakaash,
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India.

P. Santhy,
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India.

M. Maheswari,
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIAS-V4/article/view/10811

Studies on Correlation and Path Analysis in Medium Duration Rice Varieties of Andhra Pradesh, India | Chapter 6 | Emerging Issues in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 2

 The present study was attended to investigate the correlation and way analysis in twenty-five medium event (120-125 day) rice types (Oryza sativa L.). Rice (Oryza sativa L) is a critical necessary cereal crop that feeds more than half of the planet's population. The personality association of yield attributing characteristics revealed a important positive relationship 'tween plant height, 1000 children weight, and panicle length and seed yield per hectare. As a result, selecting for these traits can advance yield. In the current study, a high genetic cooperative of variation was noticed for number of seed/panicle, along with extreme heritability and genetic advance, displaying that there is room for bettering of the trait through natural selection. Following panicle length, 1000 source weight had defeater in competition positive direct effect on yield, according to a course coefficient study. The characters 1000 seed pressure and panicle length had a extreme direct effect as well as a positive partnership. Therefore, choosing these figures could result in an bettering in yield and yield components.

Author(s) Details:

N. K. Gayathri,
Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nandyal, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Y. Padmalatha,
Agricultural Research Station, Garikapadu, Guntur, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIAS-V2/article/view/10044

Role of Fortified Organic Manures in Fertility Restoration of Coastal Problem Soil | Chapter 7 | Emerging Issues in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 1

 The unique characteristic of coastal agroecosystems is soils that are governed by salinity, sodicity, sandy character, and nutrient deficiency. Poor yield achievement is caused by extreme pH and salinity, which limit the chance of plant nutrients, specifically micronutrients. Coastal regions have a money of organic materials that maybe fortified accompanying nutrients to boost fiber content and efficiency, that improves the efficacy of the process of replacing soil fertility. Pot and field experiments were attended in coastal soil accompanying the aim of evaluating the impact of defended organic manures on physicochemical traits, nutrient availability, and crop yield. In an process of early development experiment, coastal salty-sodic soil having an primary pH-8.88 and EC-2.16 dS m-1, the treatments containing Control, ZnSO4 fortification @ 75%, 100%, and 125%,  Fe SO4 reinforcement  @75%, 100%, and 125%,  and ZnSO4  + FeSO4 fortification @ 75%, 100%, and 125%, as main treatment and control, FYM, Coir core, Casuarina needles and Green leaf fertilizer as subplot treatment were copied thrice in a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (FCRD). The experiment findings displayed that the application of FeSO4 + ZnSO4 improved green leaf manure and coir pith considerably increased the chance of major and micronutrients in the soil while abating salinity and sodicity. A field experiment was conducted accompanying the objective to find out the effect of basic manure fortified accompanying micronutrients viz., ZnSO4 and FeSO4 on the tumor and yield of rice in marshy saline soil. The situations were T1–Recommended level NPK, T2 –NPK + ZnSO4 + FeSO4 @ 25 Kg ha-1 , T3 – NPK + Green manure fortified ZnSO4 + FeSO4 @ 75% RL, T4 – NPK + Green fertilizer fortified ZnSO4 + FeSO4 @ 100 % RL, T5 – NPK + Green fertilizer fortified ZnSO4 + FeSO4 @ 125% RL, T6 – NPK + Coir core fortified ZnSO4 + FeSO4 @ 75% RL, T7 – NPK + Coir core fortified ZnSO4 + FeSO4 @ 100% RL and T8 – NPK + Coir core fortified ZnSO4 + FeSO4 @ 125% RL. The findings manifested that rice progress and yield characteristics were considerably improved by minor element-fortified produce green leaf manure as compared to different treatments. In the seaside region, about 50% of the soil is ammophilous with weak texture, reduced CEC, organic matter, and low levels of micronutrients. A cauldron experiment was conducted utilising seaside sandy soil bearing low N, P, K, Zn, and B rank with the aim of judging the effects of various organics linked with micronutrients on the progress, yield, and nutrient rude answer of groundnut in marshy soil.The treatment schedule were T1-Absolute control, T2- 100% recommended NPK, T3-T2+ ZnSO4 25 kg ha-1+ Borax @ 10 kg ha-1. T4- T2+Zn+B+ Composted coirpith @ 10 t ha-1, T5 - T2 + Zn + B + Humic acid @ 20 kg ha-1 and T6- T2 + Zn + B + Composted coirpith and Humic acid. The results disclosed that the combined use of Zn + B along with Composted Coir Pith and Humic acid considerably increased the development and yield of the groundnut besides growing the soil available nutrients.

Author(s) Details:

R. Singaravel,
Department of Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar –608002, India.

V. Prasath,
Department of Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar –608002, India.

S. Kamaraj,
Department of Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar –608002, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIAS-V1/article/view/9772