Rice Cultivation and Weed Control in Ghana’s Guinea Savannah Zone | Chapter 4 | Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 7

 

Rice production in the Guinea Savanna agroecological zone of Ghana faces persistent challenges from weed infestation, soil moisture losses, and high production costs associated with conventional land preparation practices. Conservation-oriented management strategies that integrate reduced tillage and efficient weed control are increasingly recognised as pathways to sustainable intensification of rice-based systems. This chapter evaluates the interactive effects of tillage practices and herbicide-based weed management on weed control efficiency, soil moisture conservation, crop growth, grain yield, and economic performance of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Field experiments were conducted in 2022 at the Nyankpala experimental field of the Savannah Agricultural Research Institute (SARI) using a factorial combination of tillage systems (conventional, minimum, and no tillage) and herbicide regimes: Pendimethalin (400 g a. i. ha⁻¹) applied as pre-emergence, Bispyribac sodium (25 g a. i. ha⁻¹) applied as post-emergence, and a combined pre- and post-emergence application. Agronomic data on weed density, weed biomass, crop vigour, phenological development, and grain yield were collected. Weed control efficiency was quantified, and enterprise budgeting was complemented with sensitivity and risk analyses to assess economic robustness under variable cost and price scenarios. The results showed that minimum tillage combined with pre- and post-emergence herbicide application significantly reduced weed density and biomass, improved soil moisture retention, enhanced crop vigour, accelerated flowering, and increased grain yield compared with conventional tillage systems. Economic analysis indicated that the integrated minimum tillage-herbicide system generated higher net returns and remained economically resilient under simulated input cost increases and output price reductions.

 

This chapter demonstrates that integrated tillage-herbicide management enhances productivity, profitability, and environmental sustainability of rice-based systems in the Guinea Savanna, providing practical evidence to support the wider adoption of conservation agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Wandaat Yennumi Emmanuel
Environmental Protection Authority, P.O. Box 80, Bolgatanga, Ghana.

 

Michael Ayamga
Environmental Protection Authority, P.O. Box 80, Bolgatanga, Ghana.

 

Dzomeku Israel K
Department of Food and Consumer Science, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.

 

Mahama Ahmed Rufai
Department of Food and Consumer Science, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/asti/v7/7041

Integrated Crop Management Practices for Achieving Higher Productivity in Chickpea in Dharmapuri District, Tamil Nadu | Chapter 2 | Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 1

 Chickpea is an main cool season food legume crop developed during rabi season advantageous soil areas of Dharmapuri District. Allure productivity is curbing day by day due to the differing biotic and abiotic determinants. Particularly, the occurrences of dryness stress and fusarium wilt ailment incidence are the major concern in determining the yield of chickpea. To overcome the above questions, frontline demonstration on chickpea variety JAKI 9218 accompanying integrated crop administration practices was conducted at 10 farmers’ assets of Dharmapuri district all along Rabi season of 2017-18. The results of the demonstration indicated that expression of integrated crop management practices in addition to improved difference recorded higher piece yield of 7.98 q/ha and farmers practice written the lower yield of 6.36 q/ha. The increase in grain yield of chickpea over farmers practice was 22.5 per insignificant value. The extension break of 1.62 q/ha recorded for grain yield middle from two points demonstration and ranchers practice indicated that dissemination of joined crop management practices containing improved variety through show is needed with the chickpea growers for achieving higher yield through income.

Author(s) Details:

M. Sangeetha,
Regional Research Station, Paiyur–635 112, Krishnagiri District, India.

K. Indhumathi,
ICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Papparapatty–636 809, Dharmapuri District, India.

P. Ayyadurai,
Agricultural College and Research Institute, Vazhavachanur, Thiruvannamalai, India.

P. S. Shanmugam,
Department of Pulses, TNAU, Coimbatore -641 003, India.

A. Anuratha,
Agricultural College and Research Intitute, Keezhvelur, Nagapattinam District, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACAS-V1/article/view/12936

Physiological Response of Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield Attributes in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes under Different Nitrogen Levels | Chapter 4 | Research Highlights in Science and Technology Vol. 6

 This division is useful to screen most N adept genotypes which maybe  strongly submitted to rice growers to improve crop yield irrespective of use of extreme dose of N fertilizers. The unoriginal farming considerably depending on synthetic fertilizer recommendation has been double-put paint or finish on; yield increase but environmental concerns to a degree soil degradation, organic diversity. A Field experiment was conducted at PJTSAU, Hyderabad, Telanagana, India all along 2011-12 to evaluate the effectiveness of varying nitrogen (N) manure rates on growth and yield limits, along with NUE (Nitrogen Use Efficiency) accompanying two N levels 60 and 120 kg N ha-1 as main treatments and twenty six edible grain genotypes as sub situations. N nutrition influences the content of photosynthetic pigments, combining of the enzymes taking part in the carbon decline,   formation of the sheath system of chloroplasts, etc. Photosynthetic rate raised from maximum tillering (18.41 m mol CO2 m-2 s-1) to flowering stage (22.24 m mol CO2 m-2 s-1) and written a decrease thereafter towards adulthood stage (13.23 m mol CO2 m-2 s-1). Application of appropriate level of N fertilization is a main objective to increase NUE by rice assortments. Among  the genotypes, MTU-1001 recorded the maximum seed yield of 5021 kg ha-1 even under application of 60 kg N ha-1 with maximum NUE in 60 kg N ha-1 (83.68) and minimum in 120 kg N ha-1 (45.53). NUE acted not increase linearly with the amount of N use and higher N levels presented significantly lower NUE principles. N contributes to hydrogen accumulation in culms and leaf sheaths all the while the pre-heading stage and basic during the ripening stage of edible grain. Maximum yield can be attributed to maximum SCMR (SPAD Chlorophyll rhythm reading) principles, more photosynthetic rate, more tillers and panicles, more number of grains hill-1, maximum suffused grain allotment and minimum spikelet sterility.

Author(s) Details:

K. Rajesh,
Department of Crop Physiology, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad- 500 030, Telangana, India.

Ramesh Thatikunta,
Department of Crop Physiology, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad- 500 030, Telangana, India.

D. Saida Naik,
Department of Crop Physiology, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad- 500 030, Telangana, India.

J. Arunakumari,
Department of Biochemistry, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad- 500 030, Telangana, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHST-V6/article/view/11338

Plant Density, Nitrogen Fertility and Variety Recommendation for Maize Production in Semi-coral Environment of Pemba, Zanzibar | Chapter 1 | Research Highlights in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 2

 The optimum maize variety for the del crop on Pemba Island was determined through an experiment, and recommendations for optimised plant density and nitrogen fertiliser were made for the types that were put to the test. Three enhanced varieties (Staha, Situka, and TMV-1) were planted in opposition to the regionally cultivated variety JKU. Other treatments included three plant densities (44,444; 53,333 and 66,666 plants/ha) and four nitrogen rates (23, 46, 70, and 90 kgN/ha). The treatment sources of variation had a considerable impact on the growth and production of the maize crop (varieties, densities, and fertiliser rates). Between the best and worst performing types, there was a yield gap of about 69%. Increased nitrogen fertility led to a yield differential of up to 32.9 percent, while enhanced spacing led to an increase in yield of up to 28.8 percent. The variety Staha, cultivated at a spacing of 75 cm 20 cm, generating a plant population of 66,666 ha-1; and the usage of nitrogen at 70 kgN/ha are recommended for the best maize yields in the area. The optimal practise is to simultaneously optimise all three variables.

Author(s) Details:

D. G. Msuya,
Department of Crop Science and Horticulture, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3005 Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania.

O. M. Ali,
Department of Food Security and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P.O. Box 159, Zanzibar, Tanzania.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHAS-V2/article/view/8153

Assessment of Different Forms of Urea on Growth, Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Rice | Chapter 2 | Recent Progress in Plant and Soil Research Vol. 4

 In Bangladeshi soils, nitrogen is one of the most inadequate plant nutrients. Although nitrogenous fertilisers, particularly prilled urea, are widely utilised in rice cultivation, their efficacy is low when applied via the old broadcast method. For framers, urea is available as prilled urea, urea supergranules, and NPK briquettes. During the cropping season of 2014, a field experiment was conducted on Aus rice (May-August) in the Soil Science Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, to assess the effects of different forms of urea (prilled urea, urea briquette, and NPK briquette) on growth, yield, and nitrogen use efficiency of BRRI dhan48. T1 [check (N0P16K42)], T2 [Urea briquette (one-3.4 g) (N52P16K42)], T3 (Urea briquette (one - 2.7 g (N78P16K42)], T4 [NPK briquette (one-3.4g) (N51P13K32), T5 [prilled urea (N78P16K42)], T6 [NPK briquettes (two With four replications, the experiment was set up as a Randomized Complete Block Design. Urea briquettes and NPK briquettes were deep placed (8-10 cm depth) at 8 DAT between four hills in alternating rows, while urea briquettes and NPK briquettes were deep placed (8-10 cm depth) at 8 DAT between four hills in alternate rows. After the first split application of urea and deep placement of urea briquette and NPK briquette, water samples from each treatment of rice fields were taken, and the second sampling was done after the second split of urea. For quantifying NH4+-N, each sampling was done for 7 days in a row. The results showed that the NH4+-N content in rice field water in PU treated plots peaked on day 2 and then gradually fell over time, whereas NH4+-N in rice field water in urea briquettes and NPK briquettes treated plots was very low. Treatment T3 had the maximum grain yield of 4.75 t ha-1 (69 percent higher than control). T3 also yielded the highest straw yield (5.49 t ha-1) among the treatments. The treatment T4 had the highest apparent N recovery and the highest N use efficiency. In compared to PU application, deep placement of urea and NPK briquettes reduced N losses and improved the recovery of applied N as well as N use efficiency.

Author(S) Details

M. R. Islam
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

S. B. Z. Sharna
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

S. Islam
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. Jahiruddin
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

 View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RPPSR-V4/article/view/5193

Investigating the Tillage, Desmodium intortum, Fertilizer Rates for Carbon Stock, Soil Quality andGrain Yield in Northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria | Chapter 7 | Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 1

 Nigeria 's Northern Guinea Savanna soils are continually and intensively cultivated, resulting in deterioration of soil quality, depletion of carbon reserves, increased soil erosion and depletion of soil nutrients. Concerning the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and sustainable crop production, the effects of land use change on soil carbon stocks (SOC) are of concern, as there is a need for food sufficiency while preserving the environment. Globally, in the light of international policy agendas on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and sustainable crop production, the effects of land use change on soil carbon stocks (SOC) are of concern because there is a dare to provide adequate food for the growing world population while maintaining the environment. "Therefore, this study:" Tillage Inquiry, Desmodium intortum, 1) Maize + Desmodium + Traditional tillage (MC), 2) Maize + Desmodium live-mulch integrated and relayed + Conservation tillage (MDIC), 3) Maize + Desmodium in no-tillage (MDNT), 4) Maize + Desmodium in strip tillage (MDST) were hybrid therapies. The key treatment plots were each divided into sub-plots to accommodate four (4) N rates (60, 80, 100 and 120 kg·ha-1), while the N rate plots were further divided into sub-plots to accommodate three ( 3) P rates (6.6, 13.2, and 26.4 kg·ha-1). Findings support that Desmodium intercrops with treatments for maize (MDIC, MDNT, and MDST) resulted in a rise in organic carbon content in 2013, with MDNT resulting in a slightly higher organic carbon content than other treatments (7.37 g·kg−1 in 2012 and 8.37 g·kg−1 in 2013). Zero tillage practise (MDNT) also sequestered substantially higher stocks of carbon (18.06 t C ha-1), followed by minimal tillage (MDIC) sequestering 15.99 t C ha-1 than the other treatments. Zero tillage practise (MDNT) also sequestered substantially higher stocks of carbon (18.06 t C ha-1), followed by minimal tillage (MDIC) sequestering 15.99 t C ha-1 than the other treatments. MDST was followed by the maximum grain yield of 2.61 tha-1 under MDIC and MDNT and the least under MC. The minimum score of 13 under MDIC and MDNT was provided by the total soil quality assessment score; thus, the best soil quality (SQ1) was attributed to the minimum D tillage. Intercrop and relayed intortum (MDIC) and Zero tillage with D. Care of Intortum (MDNT). Strip of Maize cropped with D. Intortum therapy (MDST) has been graded as SQ2.

Author (s) Details

Professor Odunze Azubuike Chidowe
Department of Soil Science/Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

Asholo David Blessing
Department of Soil Science/Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

Ogunwole Joshua Olalekan
BOWEN University, Iwo, Ado Ekiti State, Nigeria.

Oyinlola Eunice Yetunde
Department of Soil Science/Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

Chinke Nkechi Mary
Department of Soil Science/Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

View Book :-  https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/305

A Study on the Caucasus Region: Crop Model Based on “Slow” Climate Change over the Last 60 Years | Chapter 1 | Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 1

 

The analysis is based on instrumental data (temperature and rainfall) from 20 weather stations located between 1961 and 2018 on the territory of the Caucasian region. Mathematical statistics approaches, trend analysis and the rescaled range approach have been used. The warming trend was found to have occurred in all climate zones, accelerated since the beginning of global warming (since 1976), although precipitation shifts were not so unidirectional. Maximum warming (average of 0.38 ° C/10 years) in all climate zones was observed in the summer. The Hurst exponent H (range of variance from 0 to 1) was used to examine persistence patterns, which showed a higher trend in persistence of annual mean temperature changes (H = 0.8) relative to annual sum precipitation (H = 0.8) To = 0.64). The precipitation and temperature spatial correlation analysis showed a rapid decrease in the correlation of precipitation at different weather stations from rp = 1 to rp = 0.5 on a distance scale from 0 to 200 km. A multiplicative model of agrometeorological resources was proposed to take into account the "slow" climate changes, during the construction of which it was presumed that they were determined by seasonal values of average air temperature and precipitation. Two models of agro-climatic tools are proposed, provided the seasonal characteristics of crop cultivation (winter wheat, spring wheat).



Author (s) Details

Dr. Boris A. Ashabokov
Federal State Budgetary Institution, High-Mountain Geophysical Institute, Lenin av., 2, 360030 Nalchik, Russia and Institute of Computer Science and Problems of Regional Management, Kabardino-Balkarian Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, I. Armand str., 37а, 360000 Nalchik, Russia.

Alla A. Tashilova
Federal State Budgetary Institution, High-Mountain Geophysical Institute, Lenin av., 2, 360030 Nalchik, Russia.

Lara A. Kesheva
Federal State Budgetary Institution, High-Mountain Geophysical Institute, Lenin av., 2, 360030 Nalchik, Russia.

Nataliya V. Teunova
Federal State Budgetary Institution, High-Mountain Geophysical Institute, Lenin av., 2, 360030 Nalchik, Russia.


View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/305

Experiment on the Genetic Variation and Path Coefficient Analysis of Introgressed Maize Inbred Lines for Economic Traits | Chapter 16 | Research and Development in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 3

 Aims: To evaluate introgressed maize inbred lines and respective donor inbred lines for selected

economic traits and adaptability.
Study Design: Field evaluation was carried out in this study.
Place and Duration of Study: The experimental material comprised 123 inbred lines: 76
introgressed inbred lines that combined temperate and tropical germplasm. These inbred lines were
selected from three distinct environments (Rattray Anorld Research Station and Kadoma in Zimbabwe
and Ukulinga Research Centre in South Africa) to form three sets of introgressed inbred lines and
were considered as test genotypes. There was also a set of 26 temperate inbred lines, including the
inbred donor line that was used as a set of positive control inbred lines adapted to the South Africa
warm temperate environment. Additionally, a set of 21 tropical inbred lines was included as negative
control maize inbred lines from Zimbabwe tropical germplasm. The evaluation experiment was carried
out at Rattray Anorld Research Station (RARS), Kadoma Research Centre (KRC), Cedara Research
Station (CRS) and Ukulinga Research Stations (UKRS) in Zimbabwe and South Africa in 2012-13
summer season.
Methodology: Augmented alpha lattice experimental design was used to evaluate a total of 123
inbred lines that were randomly assigned into six blocks, in each block, ten test entries were randomly
assigned to plots within each block, and two common tropical control lines (SC21 and SC19; repeated
checks) were also randomly assigned in each block.
Results: Genetic variation was significant (P < 0.05) for all the major economic traits among inbred
lines within and across sets. Heritability estimates ranged from low (0.21%) to high (91%) for stalk
lodging and silking days, respectively. Comparison of means of inbred lines sets illustrated that
environmental effect had an influence on grain yield of introgressed lines. Grain yield and ear
prolificacy performance across sets also illustrated that introgression of temperate germplasm in
tropical elite inbred lines was effective. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis on grain yield and ear
prolificacy highlighted the correlation between selection environments. Correlation among traits
demonstrated that grain yield had significant (P < 0.05) positive correlation with plant and ear aspects,
plant height, root and stalk lodging, ear prolificacy and grain moisture content at harvest. Generally,
indirect effects of secondary traits on the grain yield potential of inbred lines were negligible.
Conclusion: From the results, introgressed inbred lines has a significant genetic variation that can be
explored to select inbred lines that have desired economic traits that enhance adaptability in South
Africa warm temperate environment. Traits such as plant and ear height, root and stalk lodging, ear
prolificacy and grain moisture content at harvest can be used to select for high grain yielding inbred
lines directly. Indirect secondary traits (plant height and ear prolificacy) can be emphasised during
introgression of temperate germplasm in tropical elite inbred lines .

Author (s) Details

Dr. L. Musundire
Seed Co. International Ltd., Potchefstroom, South Africa.

J. Derera
Seed Co. International Ltd., Potchefstroom, South Africa.

Dr. S. Dari
Crop Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe.

Professor P. Tongoona
West African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of Ghana, Ghana.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/266