Fertility Capability Classification| Chapter 3 | Research Highlights in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 7

 The Fertility Capability Classification (FCC) method is a technical soil categorization method that places a determinable emphasis on tangible and chemical facets of soil that are crucial to managing soil virility. This classification whole was created to define the taxonomy of soil and additional soil characteristics in a habit that is straightforwardly applicable to plant development and the sustainable result of crops. Based on quantitative topsoil characteristics and soil taxonomy, the form is an excellent place to start when giving soil quality for the torrid zone. Understanding the resources and restraints of the land and allocating particular land parts to uses that are not adversely jolted by the restraints provided by the land region are two ways that FCC donates to the protection of land and soil money for increasing energy and productivity.

Author(s) Details:

I. Shafnas,
Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru-560065, Karnataka, India.

Anil Kumar,
ICAR-NBSS&LUP, Hebbal, Benagaluru-560024, Karnataka, India.

Altaf Kuntoji,
Zero Budget Natural Farming, College of Agriculture, UAS, Raichur-584104, Karnataka, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHAS-V7/article/view/9099

Humic Substances as Indicator of Sustainable Crop Management Practices of Ultisols in Southern China| Chapter 10 | Research Highlights in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 6

 Long-term breeding can influence both basic C sequestration as well as the C arrangement of soils and the more resistant natural C compounds contained in humic acid (HA). Humic substances are intensely important attributes of soil status but the effects of long-term procreation on their chemical and spectroscopic traits remain dubious and are still not fully understood. To explain the impact of long-term fertilisation practises on the arrangement and structure of humic substances, a study utilizing a variety of methods was carried out. At the Red Soil Experimental Station of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, soil samples were captured from eight treatments. The MSTAT-C software programme was used to act an analysis of difference (ANOVA) on the data. Globally, bands between humic parts could be outstanding by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) ranges. The humic acid (HA) from the NPK plus manure (NPKM) and fertilizer alone (M) situations showed higher principles of the O/R ratios (1.24 and 1.18, individually) as compared to that from the 1.5 NPKM and fallow (H) situations, which depreciated these ratios (0.66 and 0.85, respectively). Except for NPKM plus grain- soybean-sweet potato hidden (NPKMR), the O/R ratios of the fulvic acid (FA) acted not differ among the situations. However, the humin (HM) from H and the control (CK) displayed the maximal value of O/R ratios (about 3.23 for two together). Humic substances from natural treatments showed more aliphatic character, whereas more concentrated-alkali dissolved humic substances were formed in the unfertilized and not organic treatments. Among parts, the HA formed more phenolic or aromatic forms than did the FA or HM. Additionally, humic entities' carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulphur details significantly increased while their oxygen elements of larger object decreased. Significant equatings between the molecular structure of humic substances and basic treatments were found. As a result, the description of humic substances can be used as a sign of by what method sustainable crop management methods are over the long term. Foreseeing the future circumference can also be achieved through approach of union long-term experiments and forming, since significant friendships were observed 'tween the molecular arrangement of humic substances and organic situations. Humic substances description could be also secondhand as an indicator of the complete sustainability of soil and crop management practices.

Author(s) Details:

Bocar Ahamadou,
Department of Agronomy, Unit of Soil Science, Katibougou, Rural Polytechnical Institute of Training and Applied Research, P.O. Box-06 Koulikoro, Mali.

Qiaoyun Huang,
Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agriculture and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China.

Lin Yaping,
Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agriculture and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China.

Javed Iqbal,
Department of Plant and Soil Science, 2207 Agronomy Hall, Iowa State University, Aames IA, 50010, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHAS-V6/article/view/8849

Methods of Determining Infiltration Rates Using Different Mulch Materials in a Semi-Arid Environment: A Comparative Approach | Chapter 6 | Research Highlights in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 2

 

The effects of various infiltration rate measuring techniques and Mulch materials on the infiltration parameters of sandy loam soil were examined in this study. Investigations were also conducted on the Furrow Inflow-Outflow Method, Single Ring Infiltrometer, and Double Ring Infiltrometer. In comparison to single ring infiltrometers and the Furrow Inflow-Outflow Methods, double ring infiltrometers gave more accurate results, the study found. Mulches made of sawdust enhanced soil quality and produced the best results for infiltration. The best infiltration rate was achieved using a combination of the double ring infiltrometer method and sawdust mulching. The percentage of fine particles, the amount of clay, and the bulk density all have an impact on the infiltration rate. The results underlined the significance of this common traditional practise of mulching in arid and semi-arid regions, as well as the necessity of adopting the right tools to assess the properties of soil penetration. The outcomes of such assessments could be used to optimise material choice when addressing issues with plant-soil-water dynamics. This therefore serves as a gauge of soil production.

Author(s) Details:

Jibrin M. Dibal,
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria.

A. Y. Arku,
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria.

N. A. Abubakar,
Department Agricultural and Bioresource Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria.

A. B. Mustapha,
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHAS-V2/article/view/8158

Study on the Effects of Zeolite and Organic Fertilizers on Soil Quality and Crop Yield | Chapter 2 | Current Topics in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 8

The usage of natural zeolite can help to raise the calibre of the soil. This research was done to determine how zeolite and organic fertilisers interact to affect soil quality and crop output. The effects of using natural zeolite and combining it with organic matter in two degraded soils are examined in this chapter. Their locations and edaphoclimatic conditions are given below. Soil I. The experimental station of sugarcane "Jesus Menendez" is located at 22081'19" N latitude and 800 03'74" W longitudes, in the municipality of Sagua La Grande, which lies in the northern shore of Villa Clara province. The soil being investigated was vertisols (Soil Survey Staff, 1999). Vertisols are fairly clay-like yet become plastic when exposed to a lot of water. According to Köppen, the area climate is classified as Aw. The research area's average annual rainfall is 1150 mm, and its average annual temperature is 25°C. sand II. The research was done in Chile's Copiapo Province, which is in the Atacama Desert and is situated at 27031'46" south and 70016'00" west. According to the Köppen-Geiger classification, the area's climate is categorised as "cold desert" (BWk) (Peel, Finlayson, and McMahon 2007). With an average temperature of 16.1°C and 74 percent relative humidity, the mean annual precipitation is 18 mm. The agroecosystems in this region, which are located at an elevation of 1300 m asl and consist of newly farmed salty and non-salty-sodic soils, are severely deteriorated. The soils fall within the category of Typic Haplocambids. Haplic Solonchaks-Haplic Solonetz, FAO UNESCO; Haplic Solonchaks-Haplic Solonetz, WRB; Haplocambids - Sodic Xeric Haplocambids (Aridisols), Soil Taxonomy The treatment Z 7.5 t ha-1 + SFC 22.5 t ha-1, which represents a relative increase of 200 percent vs. control without fertiliser in the Soil I, produced the highest effects on cane production. The positive effects of zeolite treatment on soil quality and sugarcane yield are supported by relationships between soil characteristics and principal component analysis. II In the Soil In just three years, the alfalfa/organic matter/zeolite combinations caused the soil to go from mildly sodic (ESP = 14.62 percent) to non-sodic (ESP = 5.32 percent). Under semi-controlled circumstances, 8t ha-1 zeolite + 4t ha-1 compost produced the greatest plant growth responses. The saline and sodic soils under investigation undergo mineralogical alterations as a result of the integrated application of agroecological management that takes into account organic fertilisers, natural minerals, and alfalfa. This causes the release of nutrients that can be assimilated as well as a drop in pH and ESP.

Author(s) Details:

Pedro Cairo Cairo,
Universidad de Atacama, Centro Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Sustentable (CRIDESAT), Copiapó-1532000, Chile.

Bladimir Diaz Martin,
Universidad de Atacama, Centro Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Sustentable (CRIDESAT), Copiapó-1532000, Chile.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTAS-V8/article/view/7251

The Effects of Biochar and Farm Yard Manure on Soil Properties and Crop Growth in the Himalayan Agroforestry System | Chapter 14 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 8

 Although the population continues to increase and the demand for food grows, many parts of South Asia are experiencing agricultural land degradation and reduced productivity. This paper presents the findings of a study that looked at using biochar and Farm Yard Manure (FYM) at 5t/ha and 20t/ha, respectively, as soil amendments in a coffee agroforestry method in the Nepal Himalaya's mid-hills. There were important (P0.05) positive effects on soil chemical properties, crop growth (height), and crop productivity, according to the report. The pH and SOM of the soil increased significantly, while other soil properties did not change significantly. Plant growth increased significantly after biochar was applied, but crop yields only increased slightly. Biochar applied at low rates in conjunction with FYM appears to have immediate positive effects on plant vegetative growth; however, soil properties and overall crop yields can take longer to improve. The biophysical and chemical quality of the soil is vital for crop production and environmental protection.

Author (s) Details

Deepak K. Gautam
Nepal Agroforestry Foundation (NAF), P.O.Box 9594, Amarawatimarg 35, Koteshwor, Kathmandu, Nepal and Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kathmandu University, P.O.Box 6250, Dhulikhel, Nepal.

Roshan M. Bajracharya
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kathmandu University, P.O.Box 6250, Dhulikhel, Nepal.

Bishal K. Sitaula
Department of International Environment and Development Studies (Noragric), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O.Box 5001, N-1432 As, Norway.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CRAS-V8/article/view/805

Advanced Study on Soil Quality Response to Long-Term Nutrients and Management Practice to Potato Production in Ultisols of Subtropical China | Chapter 5 |International Research in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 8

The creation of a sustainable agricultural system necessitates an understanding of soil quality, the degree and effect of degradation processes, and the existing land use management strategy. Soil response to management and inputs are important factors that are based on soil quality, and this study looked at Ultisols in subtropical China. Long-term studies in Asia have shown that over-exploitation of soils has resulted in the exhaustion of intensive agricultural production systems, with gradually decreasing productivity. From 2000 to 2009, improvements in soil quality were calculated using acceptable indicators in a long-term experiment at the Taoyuan Station in Hunan Province, China. The data was analysed using the SAS statistical package for ANOVA, and the means were separated using DNMRT and graphically matched to establish threshold limits for a minimum threshold data collection. The soils responded favourably with the Sweet potato-rape/NP+straw treatment (7.18 g kg-1) contributing significantly (P0.05) higher total carbon, while the Sweet potato-rape/nil fertiliser and Fallow/nil fertiliser application treatments contributed the least total carbon. Sweet potato-rape/NP+ straw contributed the most total nitrogen (0.882 g kg-1) and was slightly (P0.05) higher than the other treatments. The sweet potato-rape/NPK+stalk treatment created substantially more biomass carbon (132.66 mg kg-1) than the other treatments, suggesting that it is a stronger biomass carbon contributor. Sweet potato-rape/NPK+stalk added 23.96 mg kg-1 of biomass nitrogen to the Ultisols, which was substantially higher than Sweet potato-rape/NPK (18.34 mg kg-1), Sweet potato-rape/nil fertiliser (16.36 mg kg-1) or Fallow/nil fertiliser (14.92 mgkg-1). In contrast to Sweet potato-rape/NPK, treatments with stalk amendments resulted in increases of 3.6 to 5.7 percent biomass carbon and 15.8 to 23.5 percent biomass nitrogen. Organic matter inputs as complement fertiliser materials were blamed for increasing trends in biomass carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the Ultisols. In the Ultisols, the study found that the Sweet potato-rape/NP+straw treatment (7.18 g kg-1) contributed significantly more total carbon than the other treatments (P0.05), followed by Peanut-broadbean/NP+straw (6.81 g kg-1) that contributed significantly more total carbon than the other treatments (P0.05), and the least total carbon was contributed by Sweet potato-rape/nil fertiliser and Fallow/nil fertiliser application treatments. Potato yields have declined by as much as 65.57 percent since 2007, necessitating further study to determine the cause of the decline and avoid possible yield depressions. To improve future soil quality monitoring in support of sustainable crop production and national food security, threshold limits for a selected minimum data set for the subtropical China area Ultisols on sweet potato production were established.

Author (s) Details

A. C. Odunze
Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China and Department of Soil Science/IAR, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1044, Zaria, Nigeria.

Jinshui Wu
Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.

Shoulong Liu
Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.

Hanhua Zhu
Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.

Tida Ge
Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.

Yi Wang
Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.

Qiao Luo
Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/IREGES-V8/issue/view/37

Assessment of Soil Fertility Status for Sustainable Productivity: A Study in Some Tea Garden Belts of Assam, India | Chapter 11 | Current Perspectives on Chemical Sciences Vol. 6

Conventional farming has posed a significant challenge to the quality of food, the climate and the quality of water. The key cause of soil quality deterioration in irrigated areas is insufficient and unbalanced application of agrochemicals (fertilisers, pesticides, herbicides and insecticides) to the soil and intensive soil tillage practises, resulting in stagnating or even declining crop productivity and quality. As population growth rises, there is a rapid demand for rising food production to promote the use of high yielding varieties and the need to use inorganic chemicals to satisfy market demand. The development became plateau with the use of the inorganic fertiliser during the late 60s; at the same time it produced many adverse effects such as the degradation of soil quality and environmental quality; eventually the quality of food. The need for an hour is to achieve, on a sustainable basis, greater crop yield from our limited land resources. Organic farming for sustainable agriculture is now gaining traction around the world in order to provide customers with a healthier climate and a better quality of food. It is important to evaluate the status of soil quality for the traditional agricultural system as a sustainable agricultural system, because fertile soil is the fundamental resource for higher crop production, better food quality and the climate. A research was carried out in the paddy fields of tea garden belts viz. maintaining on this mind. Rungagora, Balijan, Banwaripur, Khomtai, Rungajaun, Lattakoojan, Borjan, Behora, Negheriting and Borsapori of Golaghat district of Assam for pH, electrical conductance (EC), soil organic matter (SOM), accessible nitrogen (AN), exchangeable potassium (EK), available phosphorous (AP) and bulk density (BD) soil fertility status investigations during 2008-2010. The study area was divided into six fertility groups (MMML, MMHL, MMMM, MHHL, MHHM and MMHM) based on the SOM, available N, available P and exchangeable K in the soil. No changes in the soil fertility group were found for the majority of soil samples observed under the MMML group and soils of the Rungagora, Negheriting, Borsapori, Behora and Khomtai TE belt. During the study, Borjan TE belts were found to shift from MMHL to MMML, Balijan TE belts from MMHL to MHHL, Rungajaun TE belts from MHHM to MMHM and Lattakoojan TE belts from MMMM to MMML.

Author(s) Details

Bhupen Kumar Baruah
Department of Chemistry, Jagannath Barooah College, Jorhat, Assam, India.

Dr. Bhanita Das
Department of Statistics, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/355

Investigating the Tillage, Desmodium intortum, Fertilizer Rates for Carbon Stock, Soil Quality andGrain Yield in Northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria | Chapter 7 | Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 1

 Nigeria 's Northern Guinea Savanna soils are continually and intensively cultivated, resulting in deterioration of soil quality, depletion of carbon reserves, increased soil erosion and depletion of soil nutrients. Concerning the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and sustainable crop production, the effects of land use change on soil carbon stocks (SOC) are of concern, as there is a need for food sufficiency while preserving the environment. Globally, in the light of international policy agendas on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and sustainable crop production, the effects of land use change on soil carbon stocks (SOC) are of concern because there is a dare to provide adequate food for the growing world population while maintaining the environment. "Therefore, this study:" Tillage Inquiry, Desmodium intortum, 1) Maize + Desmodium + Traditional tillage (MC), 2) Maize + Desmodium live-mulch integrated and relayed + Conservation tillage (MDIC), 3) Maize + Desmodium in no-tillage (MDNT), 4) Maize + Desmodium in strip tillage (MDST) were hybrid therapies. The key treatment plots were each divided into sub-plots to accommodate four (4) N rates (60, 80, 100 and 120 kg·ha-1), while the N rate plots were further divided into sub-plots to accommodate three ( 3) P rates (6.6, 13.2, and 26.4 kg·ha-1). Findings support that Desmodium intercrops with treatments for maize (MDIC, MDNT, and MDST) resulted in a rise in organic carbon content in 2013, with MDNT resulting in a slightly higher organic carbon content than other treatments (7.37 g·kg−1 in 2012 and 8.37 g·kg−1 in 2013). Zero tillage practise (MDNT) also sequestered substantially higher stocks of carbon (18.06 t C ha-1), followed by minimal tillage (MDIC) sequestering 15.99 t C ha-1 than the other treatments. Zero tillage practise (MDNT) also sequestered substantially higher stocks of carbon (18.06 t C ha-1), followed by minimal tillage (MDIC) sequestering 15.99 t C ha-1 than the other treatments. MDST was followed by the maximum grain yield of 2.61 tha-1 under MDIC and MDNT and the least under MC. The minimum score of 13 under MDIC and MDNT was provided by the total soil quality assessment score; thus, the best soil quality (SQ1) was attributed to the minimum D tillage. Intercrop and relayed intortum (MDIC) and Zero tillage with D. Care of Intortum (MDNT). Strip of Maize cropped with D. Intortum therapy (MDST) has been graded as SQ2.

Author (s) Details

Professor Odunze Azubuike Chidowe
Department of Soil Science/Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

Asholo David Blessing
Department of Soil Science/Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

Ogunwole Joshua Olalekan
BOWEN University, Iwo, Ado Ekiti State, Nigeria.

Oyinlola Eunice Yetunde
Department of Soil Science/Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

Chinke Nkechi Mary
Department of Soil Science/Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

View Book :-  https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/305