Mapping Oilseed Market Integration and Trade Causality: A Focus on Tamil Nadu and India's Interstate Dynamics | Chapter 11 | Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 6

India has been grappling with a chronic shortage of edible oils due to insufficient domestic oilseed crop production, even though it briefly achieved self-sufficiency during the “Yellow Revolution” in the early 1990s. Oilseed crops like Sesame and Groundnut experience significant price fluctuations due to factors like seasonal production patterns, their perishable nature, and the risk involved in the production and marketing of output. The farmers are further complicated by a lack of information about market conditions, including the timing of arrivals and prices. Market integration, which helps stabilize prices and improve the efficiency of the marketing system. This study focuses on analysing the market integration of major oilseed crops such as Sesame, and Groundnut in India from January 2013 to January 2024. Johansen's cointegration test and Granger Causality test were applied to examine how prices in different markets influence one another. The stationarity of the prices was tested using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller test. The results confirmed that the prices are cointegrated, showing a strong interdependence between them. The analysis also revealed causal relationships between regions, such as bidirectional causality in the case of Sesame and Groundnut. The findings underscore the importance of further research to address production challenges, improve technical methods, and develop informed policies to manage the issues faced by oilseed crop-growing farmers. This will help overcome obstacles in production and ensure a more efficient marketing system. The study recommended that a meticulous study on constraints that obstruct the production process can help in understanding the problems and bringing the new technology. There is a need to address new challenges that transcend the traditional decision-making horizons of producers, consumers and policymakers.

 

Author (s) Details

 

A. Malaisamy
Department of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural College & Research Institute, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Gowri Shankar
Department of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural College & Research Institute, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpas/v6/3506

Determining the Effect of Various Land Configurations and Spacings on Growth and Yield of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Semi-arid Zone of Andhra Pradesh, India | Chapter 11 | Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 9

Background: The sparse rainfall zone of Andhra Pradesh has issues such as insufficient moisture availability and proper crop stand for successful agricultural production, resulting in partial or whole crop failure and the occurrence of mild to severe drought. To prevent yield losses, adequate spacing and land configuration are essential. Optimum spacing for getting better yield is required as right amount of space between the plants is quite important as each plant needs a certain amount of room for their roots and leaves to maximize the growth.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to find the optimum spacing and suitable land configuration for maximizing groundnut yield.

Methods: The field experiment was carried out at Agricultural College Farm, Mahanandhi, during rabi 2021-2022 to study the performance of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) to different land configurations and spacings on sandy loam soils. The experiment was laid out in strip plot design with two factors each having four treatments and replicated thrice.

Results: The results revealed that the growth parameters viz., plant height, dry matter accumulation, LAI and number of branches were recorded higher with the land configurations corrugation, flat bed with crop compaction, ridges and furrows and flat bed with crop compaction, respectively. Spacing 30 x 10 cm recorded taller plants, higher dry matter accumulation and LAI and more number of branches were observed with 60 x 10 cm spacing. Among different interactions treatment combination ridge and furrow with 30 x 10 cm spacing, flat bed with crop compaction with 30 x 10 cm spacing, flat bed with crop compaction with 60 x 10 cm spacing has recorded taller plants, higher dry matter accumulation, LAI and more number of branches, respectively. Higher pod was yield obtained with narrow spacing, may be due to the presence of more plant population per unit area which compensated the reduced number of pods per plant in narrow spacing and land configuration flat bed with crop compaction has improved the pod yield by providing better peg penetration and pod development. For groundnut crops, flat bed with crop compaction spaced 30 x 10 cm can be recommended to provide greater yields.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

N. Sowmya
Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College, Mahanandi, Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

P. V. Ramesh Babu
Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College, Mahanandi, Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

U. Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy
Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College, Mahanandi, Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

P. Kavitha
Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College, Mahanandi, Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/racas/v9/9079A

Correlation and Path Analysis Studies in Groundnut under Different Dates of Sowing | Chapter 11 | Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 5

Research on the genotypic and phenotypic associations among agricultural crop traits can be used to design, evaluate, and develop selection criteria for desirable traits. Yield is a complex quantitative trait largely influenced by the environment. Direct selection for grain yield is less efficient in improving groundnut productivity. The selection efficiency can be enhanced by exploiting the relationship between yield and its related traits. In the present study strong positive association was noticed between pod yield per plant and kernel yield per plant, oil yield per plant and significant and negative association with late leaf spot severity and rust incidence irrespective of the environments. Pod yield was also correlated with 100-kernel weight, plant height and oil content in environment III. The magnitude and direct association of pod yield with other characters varied from environment to environment. Inter correlation estimates for yield components revealed that plant height, 100-kernel weight, kernel yield per plant, oil yield per plant, late leaf spot severity, number of matured pods per plant, harvest index and plant height were significantly associated with one another and also with pod yield per plant which indicated that these characters were important components for improvement of pod yield in groundnut. This indicated that selection of genotypes based on oil yield per plant and kernel yield per plant is advantageous than the other characters. The direct effect of kernel yield per plant in all the three environments followed by shelling percentage, rust incidence, oil yield per plant, number of branches per plant in environment I and plant height in environment I and III. The direct effect of other characters fluctuated between negative and positive values indicating the influence of environment on these traits.

Author(s) Details:

Venkataravana P.,
College of Sericulture, Chintamani, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru (Karnataka), India.

Sowjanya, B. A.,
College of Sericulture, Chintamani, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru (Karnataka), India.

Priyadarshini, S. K.,
College of Sericulture, Chintamani, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru (Karnataka), India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACAS-V5/article/view/13917

Determine the Impact of Nanoscale Zinc Oxide Particle on Growth, Yield and Soil Properties under Agency Area of Andhra Pradesh, India | Chapter 3 | Emerging Issues in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 3

 The present study was completed activity to investigate the belongings of various concentrations of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) NPs on tumor, yield and grain Zn content in nut. Zinc is an essential minor element for humans, mammals and plants. Higher plants generally consume Zn as a divalent cation (Zn+2), which acts either as the ore component of enzymes or as a functional fundamental or a regulatory co-determinant of a a lot of enzymes. Field experiment was carried out on sediment clay earth soils at Regional Agricultural Research station, Chintapalle, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh during 2018-2020 to study the yield of answer of rainfed groundnut accompanying different levels of Nano coarse metallic mineral oxide use along with NPK Fertilizers. The experiment involving eight treatments, three replications accompanying RDF design. Results of nano particulate metallic mineral oxide on pod yield revealed that (26.34 Q/ha) in the RDF+ nano scale metallic mineral oxide level @ 200 ppm at 25 and 45 DAS was raised over to that of normal urged dose of N,P,K fertilizers (100% RDF) that recorded pod yield of 17.14 Q/ha only. Application of ZnSO4 through soil in addition to RDF showed good results (17.24 Q/ha) than RDF + Foliar request of ZnSO4 @ 2g/illuminated at 25 and 45 DAS (20.66 Q/ha). Application of micronutrient (ZnO) had assisted in further increase in grain yields at two together levels of ZnO (150% and 200% ZnO at 25 and 45 DAS). Among different situations, significantly greater yield (26.34 Q/ha) was recorded accompanying application of RDF + Foliar use of ZnO @ 200 ppm at 25 and 45 DAS than the only accompanying RDF (17.4 Q/ha). With respect to method of request of ZnSO4 through soil and foliar application ZnSo4 @ 2g/illuminated at 25 and 45 DAS was found expected higher two together levels of RDF (Pod yield of 14.6 Q/ha at RDF + Soil application of ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1 and 17.24 Q/ha at RDF+ foliar request of ZnSO4@ 2g/illuminated at 25 and 45 DAS). With respect to other plant traits, comparitavely more plant height (37.6 cm) at RDF + foliar use of ZnO @ 200 ppm at 25 and 45 DAS. Regarding yield attributes significantly bigger test weight (30.9 g) and plant dry burden (273 g per plant) were recorded at RDF + 150 ppm ZnO at 25 and 45 DAS. Post –harvest soil sample reasoning granted highest chance of nutrients in respect of soil, the results told that there was no meaning difference with the treatments concerning Avail. N, Available K and pH. The lowest Phosphorus (17.20 kg ha-1) was written with RDF+ Foliar request of nanoscale ZnO 200ppm at 25 & 45 DAS and highest (24.46 kg ha-1) was written in T9 (RDF+ Foliar application of nanoscale ZnO 100 ppm at 25 & 45 DAS). The results indicate the use of nanoscalematerials in agriculture, particularly in peanut, individual of the main beginning of livelihood in sure parts of the world. The results stressed that nanoscale nutrients maybe supplied to the crops either through beginning dressing or by foliar use with much declined doses to catch the desired results. The biography availability of the nanoparticles by way of its breadth and lower water solubility (which prevent rapid dropping off distinguished to ionic supplements) can further be highesr compared to ZnSO4. The basic small size and the mixed large surface extent of nanoscale ZnO fertilizer grant permission increase the rude answer as reported former.

Author(s) Details:

P. Venkata Ramana,
ARS, Ananthapuramu, ANGRAU, India.

T. N. K. V. Prasad,
RARS, Tirupathi, ANGRAU, India.

Sandeep Naik,
RARS, Chitapalle, ANGRAU, India.

Ch. Apparao,
ARS, Ananthapuramu, ANGRAU, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIAS-V3/article/view/10273

Role of Fortified Organic Manures in Fertility Restoration of Coastal Problem Soil | Chapter 7 | Emerging Issues in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 1

 The unique characteristic of coastal agroecosystems is soils that are governed by salinity, sodicity, sandy character, and nutrient deficiency. Poor yield achievement is caused by extreme pH and salinity, which limit the chance of plant nutrients, specifically micronutrients. Coastal regions have a money of organic materials that maybe fortified accompanying nutrients to boost fiber content and efficiency, that improves the efficacy of the process of replacing soil fertility. Pot and field experiments were attended in coastal soil accompanying the aim of evaluating the impact of defended organic manures on physicochemical traits, nutrient availability, and crop yield. In an process of early development experiment, coastal salty-sodic soil having an primary pH-8.88 and EC-2.16 dS m-1, the treatments containing Control, ZnSO4 fortification @ 75%, 100%, and 125%,  Fe SO4 reinforcement  @75%, 100%, and 125%,  and ZnSO4  + FeSO4 fortification @ 75%, 100%, and 125%, as main treatment and control, FYM, Coir core, Casuarina needles and Green leaf fertilizer as subplot treatment were copied thrice in a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (FCRD). The experiment findings displayed that the application of FeSO4 + ZnSO4 improved green leaf manure and coir pith considerably increased the chance of major and micronutrients in the soil while abating salinity and sodicity. A field experiment was conducted accompanying the objective to find out the effect of basic manure fortified accompanying micronutrients viz., ZnSO4 and FeSO4 on the tumor and yield of rice in marshy saline soil. The situations were T1–Recommended level NPK, T2 –NPK + ZnSO4 + FeSO4 @ 25 Kg ha-1 , T3 – NPK + Green manure fortified ZnSO4 + FeSO4 @ 75% RL, T4 – NPK + Green fertilizer fortified ZnSO4 + FeSO4 @ 100 % RL, T5 – NPK + Green fertilizer fortified ZnSO4 + FeSO4 @ 125% RL, T6 – NPK + Coir core fortified ZnSO4 + FeSO4 @ 75% RL, T7 – NPK + Coir core fortified ZnSO4 + FeSO4 @ 100% RL and T8 – NPK + Coir core fortified ZnSO4 + FeSO4 @ 125% RL. The findings manifested that rice progress and yield characteristics were considerably improved by minor element-fortified produce green leaf manure as compared to different treatments. In the seaside region, about 50% of the soil is ammophilous with weak texture, reduced CEC, organic matter, and low levels of micronutrients. A cauldron experiment was conducted utilising seaside sandy soil bearing low N, P, K, Zn, and B rank with the aim of judging the effects of various organics linked with micronutrients on the progress, yield, and nutrient rude answer of groundnut in marshy soil.The treatment schedule were T1-Absolute control, T2- 100% recommended NPK, T3-T2+ ZnSO4 25 kg ha-1+ Borax @ 10 kg ha-1. T4- T2+Zn+B+ Composted coirpith @ 10 t ha-1, T5 - T2 + Zn + B + Humic acid @ 20 kg ha-1 and T6- T2 + Zn + B + Composted coirpith and Humic acid. The results disclosed that the combined use of Zn + B along with Composted Coir Pith and Humic acid considerably increased the development and yield of the groundnut besides growing the soil available nutrients.

Author(s) Details:

R. Singaravel,
Department of Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar –608002, India.

V. Prasath,
Department of Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar –608002, India.

S. Kamaraj,
Department of Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar –608002, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIAS-V1/article/view/9772

Evaluation of Different Size of Broad Bed and Furrow for Surface Runoff and Soil Loss and Productivity of Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) under Rainfed Conditions of Gujarat, India | Chapter 4 | Novel Perspectives of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 4

 This division aims to study the effect of different intensity of broad bed and ditch on the surface drainage and soil loss and output of groundnut under rainfed environments of Gujarat, India.  The experiment was administered during kharif season of 2003-04 to 2009-10 in medium inky soil at Main Dry Farming Research Station, Targhadia (Rajkot), Gujarat, India. The experiment was set up utilizing a randomized block design, with four various situations in each of the three replications: Flat bed (45cm row spacing), broad bed (60 cm breadth) and furrow (30 cm) accompanying 2 rows, broad bed (90 cm breadth) and furrow (45 cm) accompanying 3 rows, broad bed (120 cm width) and ditch (60 cm) with 4 rows in drainage plot. On the footing of seven years combined results, significantly capital pod (932kg ha-1) and haulm (3234 kg ha-1) yield under the broad bed (90 cm width) and ditch (45 cm) accompanying 3 rows along with the minimum drainage (22.73%) and soil loss (483.40 kg/ha). Higher mean soil liquid content (25.87 % and 26.25 %) was recorded under the two together soil wisdoms 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm, respectively under the broad bed (90 cm breadth) and furrow (45 cm) accompanying 3 rows, while shortest (24.24 % and 24.87 %) were recorded in the flat bed control (T1). The broad bed (90 cm breadth) and furrow (45 cm) accompanying 3 rows also present the maximal net returns of Rs 23662/- with the benefit: cost percentage of 2.69. Total seasonal drainage from broad bed and furrow situations was inferior that from flat bed in every year of the study.

Author(s) Details:

P. D. Vekariya,
Main Dry Farming Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Targhadia-360023, Gujarat, India.

D. P. Sanepara,
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Junagadh Agricultural University, Targhadia-360023, Gujarat, India.

B. B. Limbasia,
Polytechnic in Agricultural Engineering, Junagadh Agricultural University, Targhadia-360023, Gujarat, India.

V. D. Vora,
Main Dry Farming Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Targhadia-360023, Gujarat, India.

D. S. Hirpara,
Main Dry Farming Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Targhadia-360023, Gujarat, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NPGEES-V4/article/view/9643

Effect of Boron on Nodulation, Dry Matter Production and Quality of Groundnut in Major Groundnut Growing Soils of Madurai District| Chapter 1 | Research Highlights in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 4

 Boron is the yield-confining factor for nut production in arenicolous earth soils of Madurai district, Tamil Nadu. Therefore a field experiment was administered to study the effect of boron on availability of boron on swollen object, dry matter production and status of groundnut in boron-inadequate soil series of the Madurai region in a randomized block design accompanying three replications. Twelve treatments were contained and the results revealed that the request of 15 kg/ha of B as soil application and 0.5 per insignificant value of B as foliar application at detracting stages of crop development along with the urged dose of fertilizers developed in maximum nodule count and dry matter result. Regarding the quality the use of soil (15 kg/ha) and foliar B (0.5%) in addition to RDF recorded the topmost oil and protein content as distinguished to the other situations.

Author(s) Details:

R. Susan Poonguzhali,
School of Agriculture and Biosciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu - 641 114, India.

P. Sarvana Pandian,
Department of S&E, AC&RI, Madurai, India.

P. Gayathri,
Department of SS&AC, APAC, Kalavai, India.

R. Angelin Silviya,
Department of SS&AC, SRM College of Agricultural Sciences, Kattankulathur, India.

S. Suganya,
Department of SS&AC, PGP College of Agricultural Sciences, Nammakkal, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHAS-V4/article/view/8576

Effect of Alley Width, Organic Manure and In-situ Moisture Conservation on Groundnut Productivity under Dryland Ecosystem | Chapter 8 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol.1

 An experiment was conducted during the kharif season of 2000-01 to 2005-06 to find out suitable

alley width and organic manure for groundnut crop on medium black clay soil (vertisols) at MDFRS,
Targhadia (Rajkot). The pod and haulm yield of groundnut were improved with the increase in levels
of alley width and recorded significantly highest under 9.6 m alley width. Significantly higher green
biomass of gliricidia and soil moisture content were obtained under 6.0 m alley width. Application of
FYM @ 5.0 t/ha recorded significantly higher pod yield of groundnut. Lopping of gliricidia applied as
mulch recorded significantly higher soil moisture content (%). Interaction effect was found nonsignificant in respect of pod and haulm yield of groundnut and green bio mass of gliricidia.
Significantly higher soil moisture content was recorded under lopping of gliricidia applied as mulch
with 9.6 m alley width. Growing of groundnut with gliricidia at the alley width of 9.6 m gave the highest
net returns of `15568/ha with the B: C ratio (1.12). Application of FYM (5 t/ha) gave the highest net
returns of `14230/ha as compared to control.

Author(s) Details

Dr. P. D. Vekariya
Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, 362 001, Gujarat, India.

D. P. Sanepara
Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, 362 001, Gujarat, India.

V. D. Vora
Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, 362 001, Gujarat, India.

D. S. Hirpara
Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, 362 001, Gujarat, India.

T. C. Poonia
Department of Agronomy, Junagadh Agricultural University, Campus Amreli-365 610, Gujarat, India.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/229

Production Challenges and Postharvest Practices of Groundnut in Northern Ghana: The Participatory Rural Appraisal Approach | Chapter 2 | New Perspectives in Agriculture and Crop Science Vol. 2

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production and postharvest evaluation study was undertaken in thirty (30) districts selected from the Northern Regions of Ghana, by employing the Participatory Rural Appraisal (P.R.A.) procedure. Thirty (30) districts, ten (10) from each Region (Upper West, Upper East, North East, Savannah and Northern), were chosen. Interviews and focus group discussions were held using both closed and open-ended questionnaires, and involved 600 individual key informants; 20 from each district/community and thirty (30) focus group discussions in all. The main aim of the research was to solicit general information regarding the core production constraints and postharvest activities and marketing of groundnuts as it pertains in Northern Ghana, which is the major producing area in the country. The Statistical Package for the Social Scientists (SPSS version 17.0) and Microsoft Excel were used to analyze data obtained from the questionnaire; Results were summarized into means, using standard error and percentages, where necessary. The association between storage structures and duration of groundnuts in storage was tested by the Chi-Square statistic method. Results obtained from the study shows that ‘China’ local groundnut variety was the most cultivated (76.5%, 99.5%, 96.5%) in all three regions (N/R, U/E and U/W respectively). A participatory rural appraisal ranked drought (4.43), disease (3.53), yield potential (3.50) and pests (3.23) as the major and most important production constraints. Majority (41.0%) of the farmers who were aged between 40 and 49, had no formal education (74.7%) and maintained an average farm size of 4 acres, out of which groundnut farm sizes were about 1 to 2 acres. Most of the farmers also preferred ‘Chinese’, ‘Agric-Manipinta’ and ‘Obolo’ groundnut varieties based on high yield potential (pod and seed size), ease of harvesting, drought-tolerance, earliness and high market value. Reason for choice of variety was high yielding (73.33%) and ease of harvesting and drought tolerance (32.67%). Most efficient Storage structure for groundnuts was Jute sack (93%). Average length of storage was 5-6 months (74.45%). Most common storage pests were Grain weevils (57; 9.50%) and Cercospora sp. (28; 4.67%). Most common storage diseases were Aflatoxin (78; 13%) and Aspegillus sp. (21; 3.50%). Improvement in the storage structures, therefore, has a higher likelihood of increasing the duration of groundnut in storage. The major end use of groundnut according to the study was groundnut paste (50%). Groundnuts had ready market (489; 81.50%) according to farmers. Relay of information across the value chain was mostly by colleague farmers (39.33%),MoFA (31.33%) and NGOs (13.83%). The scale of measurement used was common for bowls and 100 kg bag. Average market price of a 100 kg bag and a bowl were Ghs136.55%, Ghs3.43 respectively. 

Author (s) Details

D. Oppong-Sekyere
Department of Ecological Agriculture, Bolgatanga Polytechnic, P.O.Box 767, Bolgatanga, Ghana.

Prof. R. Akromah
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana.

E. Y. Nyamah
University of Cape Coast Business School, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.

A. D. Ninfaa
Department of Ecological Agriculture, Bolgatanga Polytechnic, P.O.Box 767, Bolgatanga, Ghana.

M. M. Braimah
Department of Agricultural Engineering, School of Engineering, Bolgatanga Polytechnic,  P.O.Box 767, Bolgatanga, Upper East Region, Ghana.

Mrs. M. M. Akpalu
Department of Ecological Agriculture, Bolgatanga Polytechnic, P.O.Box 767, Bolgatanga, Ghana

A. R. S. Salifu
Department of Ecological Agriculture, Bolgatanga Polytechnic, P.O.Box 767, Bolgatanga, Ghana.

View Book: - http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/172