Determination of Maize Landraces for Resistance to Maize Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky) and Larger Grain Borer (Prostephanus truncates): A Case Study from Kenya | Chapter 11 | Emerging Issues in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 6

 This unit evaluate to screen Kenya Local Coastal Maize Landraces for Resistance to Maize Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky) and Larger Grain Borer (Prostephanus truncates). The maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais, is a ever-present pest of maize and other rice crops worldwide and debris a threat to food safety in subsistence societies. Few population genetic studies have existed conducted on the maize weevil, but those that lie have shown that there is very little historical differentiation betwixt geographically dispersed populations what it is likely the species has knowledgeable a recent range expansion inside the last few hundred years. Farmers in the seaside region continue to evolve the native coastal maize landraces (LCML) regardless of the availability of improved maize assortments. In an effort to understand why farmers favour increasing LCML despite the release of enhanced maize open pollinated varieties (OPVs) and hybrids, research was conducted to analyze LCML. The goal search out test 25 LCML and 5 improved checks for maize weevil and larger seed borer opposition. The screening was carried out at Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Organization (KALRO) Kiboko, Kenya. Complete block design (CBD) was secondhand. Maize grains was disinfected of any field disease that is widespread of the LGB pest by heating in open electrical stove a 60-70°C for 2 hours and let the grain cool in the microwave overnight (use kilner jars accompanying glass lids). Maize weevil precipitated 12.2% (Kanjerenjere) - 32.4% (KDV-3) weight losses distinguished to only 5.0% (Chitweka) - 8.7% (Matsere) caused apiece LGB. This implies that, given the alike conditions, weevils are more detrimental and priority should take to controlling bureaucracy. Among Kenyan local coastal maize landraces, resistance to maize weevil and LGB different during depository. There was a consistent pattern of LGB resistance between landraces from Kwale, Kilifi, and Lamu. For the maize weevil, where opposition was widespread in the area, no specific pattern was seen. Maize weevil uncovering has lasted a lot longer than LGB, that was only discovered in the early 1990s. The susceptibleness of some improved differences to storage infections may partly disclose why peasants grow local cultivars since PH 4 is ultimate readily accessible commercial cultivar.  The objectives of differing insect opposition breeding programmes in coastal Kenya concede possibility use landraces with superior reactions to storage pests straightforwardly or as sources of fighting.

Author(s) Details:

J. B. Ndiso,
Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya.

S. Mugo,
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, CIMMYT Kenya, Village Market, Nairobi, Kenya.

A. M. Kibe,
Egerton University, Egerton, Njoro, Kenya.

R. S. Pathaka,
Egerton University, Egerton, Njoro, Kenya.

P. Likhayo,
KALRO NARL, Nairobi, Kenya.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIAS-V6/article/view/11427

A Review on Rice Lanraces of Manipur (India)| Chapter 3 | Research Highlights in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 6

 Rice is ultimate important cereal crop of Manipur. Many regionally adapted rice landraces or usual varieties are found in united states of america. More than 300 rice germplasms are found in united states of america which includes perfumed, pigmented, stress-resistant, and curative landraces. Chakhao landraces are popular aromatic edible grain of Manipur. Particularly, well known for its scent, taste, colour, nutritional quality, and extreme antioxidant properties. Besides Chakhao, several established varieties are grown in delegation of representatives districts as well as in the plain regions. These traditional differences vary in grain feature. These rice varieties can comprise parent donors of valuable genes which can be further exploited in crop improvement programmes. A proper understanding of their digestive quality, bioactivity, and chemical in addition to molecular characterization will considerably enhance the knowledge of these established varieties for further application. Thus, upholding diversity and sustainable preservation of these rice germplasms is the need of the hour.

Author(s) Details:

Subhalakshmi Shijagurumayum,
Department of Botany, Manipur University, Canchipur,795003, India.

G. A. Shantibala Devi,
Department of Botany, Manipur University, Canchipur,795003, India.

Ch. Brajakishor Singh,
Institute of Bioresource and Sustainable Development,Imphal, Manipur, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHAS-V6/article/view/8842

Production Challenges and Postharvest Practices of Groundnut in Northern Ghana: The Participatory Rural Appraisal Approach | Chapter 2 | New Perspectives in Agriculture and Crop Science Vol. 2

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production and postharvest evaluation study was undertaken in thirty (30) districts selected from the Northern Regions of Ghana, by employing the Participatory Rural Appraisal (P.R.A.) procedure. Thirty (30) districts, ten (10) from each Region (Upper West, Upper East, North East, Savannah and Northern), were chosen. Interviews and focus group discussions were held using both closed and open-ended questionnaires, and involved 600 individual key informants; 20 from each district/community and thirty (30) focus group discussions in all. The main aim of the research was to solicit general information regarding the core production constraints and postharvest activities and marketing of groundnuts as it pertains in Northern Ghana, which is the major producing area in the country. The Statistical Package for the Social Scientists (SPSS version 17.0) and Microsoft Excel were used to analyze data obtained from the questionnaire; Results were summarized into means, using standard error and percentages, where necessary. The association between storage structures and duration of groundnuts in storage was tested by the Chi-Square statistic method. Results obtained from the study shows that ‘China’ local groundnut variety was the most cultivated (76.5%, 99.5%, 96.5%) in all three regions (N/R, U/E and U/W respectively). A participatory rural appraisal ranked drought (4.43), disease (3.53), yield potential (3.50) and pests (3.23) as the major and most important production constraints. Majority (41.0%) of the farmers who were aged between 40 and 49, had no formal education (74.7%) and maintained an average farm size of 4 acres, out of which groundnut farm sizes were about 1 to 2 acres. Most of the farmers also preferred ‘Chinese’, ‘Agric-Manipinta’ and ‘Obolo’ groundnut varieties based on high yield potential (pod and seed size), ease of harvesting, drought-tolerance, earliness and high market value. Reason for choice of variety was high yielding (73.33%) and ease of harvesting and drought tolerance (32.67%). Most efficient Storage structure for groundnuts was Jute sack (93%). Average length of storage was 5-6 months (74.45%). Most common storage pests were Grain weevils (57; 9.50%) and Cercospora sp. (28; 4.67%). Most common storage diseases were Aflatoxin (78; 13%) and Aspegillus sp. (21; 3.50%). Improvement in the storage structures, therefore, has a higher likelihood of increasing the duration of groundnut in storage. The major end use of groundnut according to the study was groundnut paste (50%). Groundnuts had ready market (489; 81.50%) according to farmers. Relay of information across the value chain was mostly by colleague farmers (39.33%),MoFA (31.33%) and NGOs (13.83%). The scale of measurement used was common for bowls and 100 kg bag. Average market price of a 100 kg bag and a bowl were Ghs136.55%, Ghs3.43 respectively. 

Author (s) Details

D. Oppong-Sekyere
Department of Ecological Agriculture, Bolgatanga Polytechnic, P.O.Box 767, Bolgatanga, Ghana.

Prof. R. Akromah
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana.

E. Y. Nyamah
University of Cape Coast Business School, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.

A. D. Ninfaa
Department of Ecological Agriculture, Bolgatanga Polytechnic, P.O.Box 767, Bolgatanga, Ghana.

M. M. Braimah
Department of Agricultural Engineering, School of Engineering, Bolgatanga Polytechnic,  P.O.Box 767, Bolgatanga, Upper East Region, Ghana.

Mrs. M. M. Akpalu
Department of Ecological Agriculture, Bolgatanga Polytechnic, P.O.Box 767, Bolgatanga, Ghana

A. R. S. Salifu
Department of Ecological Agriculture, Bolgatanga Polytechnic, P.O.Box 767, Bolgatanga, Ghana.

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