The Performance of Jute Mallow (Corchorus olitorius) under Different Intra-Row Spacings and Organic Manures for Sustainable Productivity and Enhanced Market-Economic Potentials in Nigeria | Chapter 1 | Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 1

Most Savannah soils are inherently low in fertility, especially with low organic matter (OM) contents. This results in poor crop productivity. The jute crop removes large quantities of plant nutrients from the soil and therefore responds well to organic manures as well as other agronomic practices such as plant spacing for sustainable crop yields. It is high in protein and eaten as a vegetable. The fibre is strong and durable and used to manufacture packaging materials like sacks, bags, ropes, home textiles etc. Hence, it holds great economic potential. It is against this backdrop, that this study examined the effect of different intra-row spacings and organic manures on the growth, yield and fibre colour of jute mallow (Corchorus olitorius). The field experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, Federal University, Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria. Two intra-row spacings, three manures (poultry, goat, cow dung) and control were laid in a 2 x 4 factorial experiment in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Data was collected on growth, yield, and jute quality parameters and subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and where means of treatments were significant at (p≤ 0.05) level of probability, they were separated using the Turkey-HSD. Results showed that at 4WAT, the survival rate (70 - 79%) of the plants in all treatments showed no significant difference. Meanwhile, the highest leaf fresh weight plant^-1, highest stem girth, fiber yield at harvest, plant height, stem fresh weight plant^-1, leaf area (LA), fiber length and width at harvest (10 WAT) were recorded from the jute crop sown at 20cm intra-row spacing. Conversely, at 10WAT, higher plant heights, LA and fibre length at harvest were recorded using cow dung; while goat manure recorded the highest leaf fresh weight plant^-1 at 10WAT, stem fresh weight plant^-1 at 6WAT coupled with stem girth and fiber width at harvest. Poultry manure produced the highest stem fresh weight plant^-1 at 10WAT and fiber weight at harvest. Generally, the control plots significantly recorded the lowest growth, yield and jute fibre colour indices. It is concluded that the intra-row spacings used in this study and the addition of organic manure enhanced the growth, yield and fibre colour of jute mallow. The golden color fibre, adjudged best, was obtained with the application of poultry manure at 5t ha^-1 and the closest (10cm) intra-row spacing. The jute fibre is now accepted as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective material than reinforced plastic due to its biodegradable qualities and is replacing forest wood in the pulp and paper industry. Thus, it is considered the potential fiber of the future.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Sambo, B. E.
Department of Crop Production and Protection, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria.

 

Egbeadumah, M. O
Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria.

 

Amos, E.
Department of Crop Production and Protection, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria.

 

Iyue, I. S.
Department of Crop Production and Protection, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria.

 

Ochugudu, G.
Department of Crop Production and Protection, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/asti/v1/3992

Determining the Effect of Various Land Configurations and Spacings on Growth and Yield of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Semi-arid Zone of Andhra Pradesh, India | Chapter 11 | Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 9

Background: The sparse rainfall zone of Andhra Pradesh has issues such as insufficient moisture availability and proper crop stand for successful agricultural production, resulting in partial or whole crop failure and the occurrence of mild to severe drought. To prevent yield losses, adequate spacing and land configuration are essential. Optimum spacing for getting better yield is required as right amount of space between the plants is quite important as each plant needs a certain amount of room for their roots and leaves to maximize the growth.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to find the optimum spacing and suitable land configuration for maximizing groundnut yield.

Methods: The field experiment was carried out at Agricultural College Farm, Mahanandhi, during rabi 2021-2022 to study the performance of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) to different land configurations and spacings on sandy loam soils. The experiment was laid out in strip plot design with two factors each having four treatments and replicated thrice.

Results: The results revealed that the growth parameters viz., plant height, dry matter accumulation, LAI and number of branches were recorded higher with the land configurations corrugation, flat bed with crop compaction, ridges and furrows and flat bed with crop compaction, respectively. Spacing 30 x 10 cm recorded taller plants, higher dry matter accumulation and LAI and more number of branches were observed with 60 x 10 cm spacing. Among different interactions treatment combination ridge and furrow with 30 x 10 cm spacing, flat bed with crop compaction with 30 x 10 cm spacing, flat bed with crop compaction with 60 x 10 cm spacing has recorded taller plants, higher dry matter accumulation, LAI and more number of branches, respectively. Higher pod was yield obtained with narrow spacing, may be due to the presence of more plant population per unit area which compensated the reduced number of pods per plant in narrow spacing and land configuration flat bed with crop compaction has improved the pod yield by providing better peg penetration and pod development. For groundnut crops, flat bed with crop compaction spaced 30 x 10 cm can be recommended to provide greater yields.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

N. Sowmya
Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College, Mahanandi, Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

P. V. Ramesh Babu
Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College, Mahanandi, Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

U. Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy
Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College, Mahanandi, Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

P. Kavitha
Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College, Mahanandi, Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/racas/v9/9079A

Cracking for Low-reinforced RC Members under Uniaxial Tension | Chapter 5 | Emerging Trends in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 3

Given the random nature of crack formation, research into reinforced concrete members in the context of cracking behavior proves difficult. Therefore, widely accepted methodologies for predicting crack characteristics, e.g. crack width and spacing and number of cracks, have not been developed yet. Furthermore, cracking for members strained until high degrees of elongation, as takes place during earthquakes, has not been investigated before. This experimental work aims to look into the impact, primarily of tensile deformation’s mechanical factor, in terms of cracking behaviour. Four test specimens were strained under uniaxial tensile loading. The degrees of elongation used were equal to 10‰, 20‰, 30‰ and 50‰. Useful conclusions concerning cracking behaviour are derived.

Author (s) Details
Theodoros Chrysanidis
Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece.

Vassilis Panoskaltsis
Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/179