Performance Analysis of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) under Varied Farming Managements in Marginal Uplands |Chapter 6 | Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 4

 

This study investigates the performance of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) under different farming management practices in marginal uplands. The results revealed that microbial-enriched organic fertiliser did not match the efficacy of inorganic fertilisers in enhancing sweet pepper yield and yield components. Specifically, Inorganic fertilizer significantly improved sweet pepper yield at 6,880.74 kg ha-1 (P<0.01). Additionally, cost and return analysis revealed that goat manure yielded the highest Return on Investment (ROI) at 860.79, followed closely by goat manure + IMO 3 with an ROI of 774.18. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing farming practices to enhance sweet pepper production in marginal uplands while considering economic viability.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Jeffrey P. Villaver
J.H. Cerilles State College – Dumingag Campus, Dumingag, Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/asti/v4/6103

Effect of Nano Selenium-enriched Diet on the Growth Performance and Biochemical Parameters of Labeo rohita | Chapter 9 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 6

 

Selenium (Se) is an essential microelement utilised in aqua-feeds for aquatic animals’ normal growth, well-being and health. When selenium is present in adequate concentrations in fish diets, protecting against oxidative damage. Selenium is required for the function of several significant seleno-proteins, including glutathione peroxidase (GPx) responses of fish. This study was intended to assess the growth performance of Labeo rohita (Rohu) resulting from the nano Se-merged diet. Nano Se was synthesized and its physico-chemical characteristics were characterized using UV-VIS, SEM, EDAX, XRD and FTIR for varying quantities of nano Se; Diets - I-0, II- 0.5, III-1, IV-1.5, V-2 and VI- 2.5 mg/ kg were prepared, making use of fish meal (FM), groundnut oil cake (GNOC), wheat flour (WF) and tapioca flour (TF). Rohu fingerlings (2 ± 0.5 g) were acclimated for 2 weeks and stocked in triplicate to evaluate growth performance and biochemical parameters under experimental feeding conditions. Feed-utilising parameters and the biochemical composition of Rohu were evaluated subsequently after 28 days. Data on growth parameters were analysed using IBM SPSS software 17. The UV-Vis Spectroscopy revealed that nano Se was assessed in wavelengths of 200 to 500 nm and exhibited strong absorption at 322 nm. The SEM image showed spherical morphology with an average particle diameter of 12.22 μm. EDAX spectrum recorded two signals at 1.5 keV and 11 keV. XRD patterns showed crystalline characteristics of nano Se at 2θ correlators of 23.5o, 29.7o, 41.4o, 43.6o, 45.4o, 51.7o, 55.9o and 61.5o. FTIR spectrum was examined in the range of 4000 – 500 cm-1. Rohu's growth performance and biochemical analysis revealed that the protein, carbohydrate and lipids of gill, liver and muscle of Rohu were highly increased in the case of diet IV containing 1.5 mg/kg nano Se. The study concluded that a fish diet containing 1.5 mg/kg of nano Se is the recommended level for Rohu's effective growth and biochemical criteria.

 

 

Author(s) Details

 

M. Dayana Senthamarai
Department of Biology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram, TN, India.

 

M. Rekha
Department of Biology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram, TN, India.

 

M. R. Rajan
Department of Biology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram, TN, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v6/6115

Impact of Leadership Styles and Their Influences on the Growth of Fintech Start-ups in Zambia | Chapter 7 | New Advances in Business, Management and Economics Vol. 7

Fintech is the adoption of new technology that seeks to improve and automate the delivery and provision of financial services in business. Fintech firms that are emerging in economies have also disrupted the financial market space through their innovativeness and technological approaches to conducting business. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in financial technology (Fintech) research. This study set out to examine the relationship between leadership styles and the firm growth of Fintech start-ups in Zambia. A quantitative design employing a cross-sectional survey with the use of a Likert questionnaire was conducted on the leaders of top-performing Fintech firms in Zambia, as recognised by Tracxn in its May 2020 report. The dependent variable for the study was firm growth.  The study includes three leadership styles as independent variables (transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership styles). Leadership styles were measured using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. The most important finding is that, in Zambia, Fintech start-up growth is closely linked to transformational leadership, whereas transactional leadership has a minor impact. Laissez-faire leadership and firm growth have a weak but positive correlation. Two primary contributions to the Fintech literature are made by the study. First, the results can assist scholars in elucidating leadership styles that forecast Fintech start-up growth. Second, the creators of Fintech companies will be aware of the key leadership philosophies that can propel start-ups forward. The study has helped to show that firms that have embraced transformational leadership styles and varied their use of transactional and laissez-faire leadership approaches are more likely to experience Fintech firm growth. The limitations of this study relate to the sample size, the need to consider other readership styles, and the use of qualitative and longitudinal designs that would provide more insights and validation.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Progress Choongo
Department of Operations and Supply Chain Management, School of Business, The Copperbelt University, Jambo Driver, Kitwe, P.O. Box 21692, Zambia.

 

Mungu Chileshe
School of Business Graduate Studies, The Copperbelt University, Jambo Driver, Kitwe, P.O. Box 21692, Zambia.

Christine Nakamba Lesa
Department of Operations and Supply Chain Management, School of Business, The Copperbelt University, Jambo Driver, Kitwe, P.O. Box 21692, Zambia.

 

Bruce Mwiya
Department of Business Administration, School of Business, The Copperbelt University, Jambo Driver, Kitwe, P.O. Box 21692, Zambia.

 

Thomas Kweku Taylor
School of Business Graduate Studies, The Copperbelt University, Jambo Driver, Kitwe, P.O. Box 21692, Zambia.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nabme/v7/5309

Effect of NPK Fertilizers on the Performance of Cassava Varieties (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Humid Tropics, Niger Delta, Nigeria | Chapter 8 | Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 10

Primary macronutrients play a very important role in improving the yield and quality of crops. Three main elements are nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (N, P, and K) and are required in abundance. They must be readily available through soil medium or fertilizer. An experiment was conducted to determine the performance of three cassava varieties with two NPK fertilizer types. The study was done at the Rivers State University Teaching and Research Farm in Port Harcourt, between March 2021 and February 2022. The treatments were cassava varieties TMS 95/0289, TMS 96/0523, and TME 419. NPK fertilizers were NPK 15-15-15 and NPK 20-10-10. The treatments were combined in a split-plot arrangement in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated three times. Parameters evaluated were the number of branches per stand and canopy width which were assessed from 10 weeks after planting and subsequently at 4 weekly intervals. Fresh/dry pulp weight and fresh/dry peel weight were determined after crop harvest.  The evaluation of the performance of three cassava varieties was studied using two compound fertilizer types at the Teaching and Research Farm, Rivers State University Port Harcourt between March 2021 and February 2022. The treatments were combined in a split-plot arrangement in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. Parameters evaluated were the number of branches and canopy diameter at four weekly intervals starting from the tenth week after planting and ending with fresh/dry pulp weight and fresh/dry peel weight were also taken. Results show that cassava variety TMS 95/0289 interacting with NPK 15-15-15 produced the highest branches per plot (24.7), TMS 96/0523 interacting with NPK 15-15-15 produced the widest canopy diameter per stand (263.1cm), fresh peels weight and dry peels weight (129.7g and 100.3g). TME 419 interacting with NPK 15-15-15 compound fertilizer produced the highest fresh and dry pulp weight with mean values of 722.7 and 487.0. Application of NPK fertilizer especially NPK 15-15-15 enhanced the number of branches, dry pulp weight, dry peel weight and canopy diameter. TME 419 had higher fresh/dry pulps and dry peels weight while TMS 96/0523 had high fresh peels weight and canopy width respectively. Whereas cassava variety TMS 95/0289 was high in the number of branches. Thus it is recommended that TME 419 be introduced to farmers as it produces the highest pulp weight per stand. Also, fertilizer NPK 15-15-15 is a preferred NPK fertilizer as it has the capability to increase the number of branches, canopy width, peel weight and pulp weight in comparison with NPK 20-10-10. Further growth and yield were mostly enhanced with NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer application compared to NPK 20-10-10. However, more field research on these fertilizers is needed to better understand their effects on cassava performance.

 

Author (s) Details

Lawson T. S.
Teaching and Research Farm, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpas/v10/4795

 

The Performance of Jute Mallow (Corchorus olitorius) under Different Intra-Row Spacings and Organic Manures for Sustainable Productivity and Enhanced Market-Economic Potentials in Nigeria | Chapter 1 | Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 1

Most Savannah soils are inherently low in fertility, especially with low organic matter (OM) contents. This results in poor crop productivity. The jute crop removes large quantities of plant nutrients from the soil and therefore responds well to organic manures as well as other agronomic practices such as plant spacing for sustainable crop yields. It is high in protein and eaten as a vegetable. The fibre is strong and durable and used to manufacture packaging materials like sacks, bags, ropes, home textiles etc. Hence, it holds great economic potential. It is against this backdrop, that this study examined the effect of different intra-row spacings and organic manures on the growth, yield and fibre colour of jute mallow (Corchorus olitorius). The field experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, Federal University, Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria. Two intra-row spacings, three manures (poultry, goat, cow dung) and control were laid in a 2 x 4 factorial experiment in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Data was collected on growth, yield, and jute quality parameters and subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and where means of treatments were significant at (p≤ 0.05) level of probability, they were separated using the Turkey-HSD. Results showed that at 4WAT, the survival rate (70 - 79%) of the plants in all treatments showed no significant difference. Meanwhile, the highest leaf fresh weight plant^-1, highest stem girth, fiber yield at harvest, plant height, stem fresh weight plant^-1, leaf area (LA), fiber length and width at harvest (10 WAT) were recorded from the jute crop sown at 20cm intra-row spacing. Conversely, at 10WAT, higher plant heights, LA and fibre length at harvest were recorded using cow dung; while goat manure recorded the highest leaf fresh weight plant^-1 at 10WAT, stem fresh weight plant^-1 at 6WAT coupled with stem girth and fiber width at harvest. Poultry manure produced the highest stem fresh weight plant^-1 at 10WAT and fiber weight at harvest. Generally, the control plots significantly recorded the lowest growth, yield and jute fibre colour indices. It is concluded that the intra-row spacings used in this study and the addition of organic manure enhanced the growth, yield and fibre colour of jute mallow. The golden color fibre, adjudged best, was obtained with the application of poultry manure at 5t ha^-1 and the closest (10cm) intra-row spacing. The jute fibre is now accepted as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective material than reinforced plastic due to its biodegradable qualities and is replacing forest wood in the pulp and paper industry. Thus, it is considered the potential fiber of the future.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Sambo, B. E.
Department of Crop Production and Protection, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria.

 

Egbeadumah, M. O
Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria.

 

Amos, E.
Department of Crop Production and Protection, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria.

 

Iyue, I. S.
Department of Crop Production and Protection, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria.

 

Ochugudu, G.
Department of Crop Production and Protection, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/asti/v1/3992

Vegetative Propagation of Medicinal Plant on Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees | Chapter 3 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 1

Aims: To determine the effect of node stem cuttings position on the growth and yield of sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees. It belongs to the family Acanthaceae, which has been cultivated and grows widely in Indonesia.

Methodology: The experiment was conducted in Purwodadi Botanic Garden in February-May 2017 at an altitude of 300 m above sea level. An experimental study design was followed for the study. The study used a randomized block design with the treatment of node position of stem cuttings, i.e. top, middle, and basal parts. Each treatment was replicated three times.

Results: The top stem cutting produced the highest cutting life, leaf area, leaf dry weight, root, and generative organs dry weight. In contrast, the basal stem cutting produced the lowest live cutting and plant growth.

Conclusion: The top stem cutting propagation of sambiloto produced the highest plant survival and growth with cutting life, leaf area, leaf dry weight and total dry weight of 100%, 162.40 cm2 per plant, 0.49 g per plant, 1.03 g per plant, respectively.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Solikin
Research Center for Ecology and Ethnobiology, National Research and Innovation Agency Jl. Raya Jakarta Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor West Java 16911, Indonesia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v1/4561

Stunting-Induced Compensatory Growth in Aquaculture: Mechanisms and Implications | Book Publisher International

Compensatory growth (CG) is an elevated growth rate often observed in fish that have previously experienced stress and returned to normal conditions. To induce CG responses, fish must undergo a catabolic phase, where they utilize endogenous energy reserves. In nature, fish encounter catabolic phases due to food limitations, migration and predation. In aquaculture, the catabolic phase is achieved through stunting practices such as feed restrictions, environmental manipulation and crowding stress. When fish experience the catabolic phase in captivity, they undergo various behavioural, physiological and biochemical changes to cope with the altered environmental conditions. Behavioural changes include reduced swimming and locomotion activities. Physiological adjustments involve metabolic changes such as reduced circulation of proteins, antibodies, enzymes and other molecular compounds. In biochemical alterations, fish utilize endogenous energy resources, such as lipids and proteins, which affect their overall nutritional composition. However, when stressed fish return to favourable conditions, they exhibit a CG response and rapidly restore their lost body weight, metabolic compounds and endogenous energy reserves. The effectiveness of the CG response can vary significantly depending on several factors, including the specific fish species, duration and severity of the stunting practice, as well as the conditions during the refeeding phase. This phenomenon has been harnessed in aquaculture to produce stunted fish seed. Extensive research on CG responses in fish over the past few decades has yielded inconsistent results, fostering debate over the practical application of CG response in aquaculture. To better understand and potentially leverage this phenomenon in aquaculture practices, it is crucial to critically examine the physiological changes that occur in fish during both stunting and post-stunting phases. This book aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the actual changes occurring in fish during the stunting and post-stunting phases and explore the potential applications of CG responses in aquaculture, offering insights for more efficient and sustainable fish farming practices.

 

Author (s) Details

Suresh Babu Padinhate Purayil
ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, Kerala, India.

 

Ande P. Muralidhar
ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

 

Karthireddy Syamala
ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

 

Somu Sunder Lingam R
Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49473-12-6

The Irrigation of Fordhook Giant/Swisschard (Beta vulgaris var cicla) and Mustard (Brassica juncea) Spinach Vegetables with Saline Water | Chapter 9 | Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 6

Spinach is an important leafy green vegetable that contains large quantities of bioactive compounds and nutrients that are not common to most other vegetables, such as ρ-coumaric acid derivatives that exhibit strong antioxidant activity and glucuronic acid derivatives of flavonoids. Saline irrigation water is becoming an important water source as fresh water is fast becoming a scarce resource in many areas of the world, including Eswatini. This shortage is true, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. A study to test the response of two varieties of spinach (Fordhook Giant and Mustard) to salinity was conducted in a field pot experiment at the Faculty of Agriculture at the Luyengo Campus of the University of Eswatini. The treatments were laid in a randomized block design (RCBD). The experiment consisted of four treatments, each replicated twelve times. Treatments were salinity levels of 0.0 dS/m, 1.5 dS/m, 2.0 dS/m and 3.5 dS/m. All the treatments were subjected to similar agronomic practices. Spinach was grown and observed for a period of five weeks. Plant height was measured and the number of leaves was counted weekly throughout the experiment. Treatment means were separated by the Student’s t test at the 0.05 level of probability using the ANOVA. Significant differences (P < 0.05) between salinity treatments were obtained for plant height beginning in week 2 but were more pronounced in week 3, 4 and week 5. Visual observation showed that levels of salinity beyond 2.0 dS/m affected the leaf colour of both varieties of spinach. No significant differences were obtained for the number of leaves. There were, however, clear significant differences between spinach irrigated with non-saline irrigation water compared to saline irrigation water. It was concluded that irrigating spinach with saline water having a salinity of more than 2.0 dS/m drastically reduced plant growth, although it did not affect the number of leaves under the experimental conditions. The study also concluded that the growth of mustard spinach was better than that of Fordhook Giant at low salinity levels indicating a slight tolerance. It may be recommended that farmers prioritize growing Mustard spinach as the first choice followed by Fordhook Giant under similar conditions.

 

Author (s) Details

 

M. V. Dlamini

Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Eswatini, Faculty of Agriculture, Private Bag, Luyengo, Eswatini, Southern Africa.

 

M. T. Masarirambi
Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Eswatini, Faculty of Agriculture, Private Bag, Luyengo, Eswatini, Southern Africa.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpas/v6/3417

Age, Sex and Season Related Changes in Growth Hormone and Cortisol Level of Black Bengal Goats during Pre-pubertal Growth Period | Chapter 8 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 7

In present changing climatic conditions, the study of growth dynamics is of great significance as the demand for meat is always increasing due to increasing population. Improvement of functional longevity in goats is becoming highly relevant and is of great economic importance. Hence, determining animal growth and their inter-relationship and correlation with endocrine parameters in different seasons is imperative for determining the genetic potential and adaptation of the black Bengal breed for higher meat production. The goal of the present study was to find out the effect of sex and season on growth hormone and cortisol levels during different periods of pre-pubertal growth in summer and winter-born black Bengal kids of either sex reared under a free-range rearing system. Statistical analysis was done by using the software IBM-SPSS (Version 20.0). The general linear model technique repeated over age, groups and seasons was considered for all parameters under the study. The major finding of this study is that growth hormone was positively correlated (P ≤ 0.01) with growth parameters height, heart girth and linear length during summer and winter seasons. Cortisol was significantly (P ≤ 0.01) higher in the kids born in summer than in winter. Summer-born kids are more susceptible to stress. The levels of growth hormone can be predicted which were positively explained by age irrespective of sex. Due to climatic change, the effects of multiple environmental stressors on prepubertal growth are likely to increase. Hence, it is very critical to identify and protect agro-ecological zone-specific climate-resilient thermo-tolerant animals to sustain livestock production.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Shagufta Perveen
Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kishanganj, Bihar, India.

 

Pradip Kumar Das
Department of Veterinary Physiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v7/3540

Evaluating the Growth and Yield Variability of Selected Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) Cultivars Infected with Cowpea Aphid-borne Mosaic Virus and Southern Bean Mosaic Virus | Chapter 1 | Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 9

Cowpea is susceptible to a complex of insect pests and diseases and they attack the crop from vegetative stage to storage, which forms part of the most important impediments to its profitable production. Virus diseases are the most damaging diseases of cowpea and represent a significant proportion of losses regarding the potential value of the crop in sub-Saharan Africa. This study was, therefore, conducted to determine the resistance of selected cowpea cultivars to single and mixed infections of CABMV and SBMV and to ascertain the effects that these two viruses have on the selected cowpea cultivars in single and mixed infections. Eight cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) cultivars were evaluated for Cowpea Aphid-Borne Mosaic Virus (CABMV), Southern Bean Mosaic Virus (SBMV), CABMV+SBMV, and SBMV+CABMV resistance under greenhouse conditions at the School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology Minna, Nigeria in 2016 (lat.9^o40ʹN; long 6^o30ʹE at an altitude of 220 m.a.s.l). Virus-infected plants were evaluated independently using a Completely Randomized Design with three replications. In single infections, cowpea seedlings were inoculated at 10 days after sowing (DAS), while in mixed infections the second virus inoculation was performed at 21 DAS. Disease incidence, symptom severity, plant growth and yield characters were recorded. Disease severity was evaluated based on a visual scale of 1-5. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test was used for mean separation. Results showed that one hundred percent infection was obtained regardless of the cultivar. The single and double virus infections reported in this study had significant and different effects on the eight cowpea cultivars evaluated which can be attributed to the different susceptibility levels of the cultivars to the respective viruses. High disease severity with a symptom score of 4.0 was recorded for all the cowpea cultivars infected with CABMV alone and CABMV+SBMV, while moderate resistance with a symptom score of 3.0 was recorded only in cultivars IT09K-231-1 and IT10K-973-1 to SBMV, and in IT07K-299-6 and IT10K-973-1 to SBMV+CABMV. Through the four virus treatments, seed weight per plant was significantly (p<0.05) highest in IT10K-843 infected with CABMV which, produced 3.5 g; cultivar, IT07K-299-6 inoculated with SBMV produced 4.9 g, while IT10K-973-1 under CABMV+SBMV infections produced 4.9 g; and IT07K-298-9 infected with SBMV+CABMV produced 4.4 g. The cowpea cultivar IT07K-299-6 which gave the highest seed weight under single and double virus infections can be exploited in hybridization studies to develop resistant cowpea varieties for use by farmers. Intensive biotechnological research that will result in the development of cowpea cultivars with multiple resistance to economically important viruses should be explored.

 

Author (s) Details

E. W. Mamman
Department of Crop Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.

 

M. T. Salaudeen
Department of Crop Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.

 

A. C. Wada
Department of Crop Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.

 

A. S. Paiko
Department of Pest Management Technology, Niger State College of Agriculture, P.M.B. 109, Mokwa, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpas/v9/3093

Integrating Mycorrhizal Fungi with Different Doses of Fertilizer in Nutrient Management for Sustainable Rice Ecosystems | Chapter 1 | Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 9

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi play a vital role in a wide range of functions from stress reduction to bioremediation in soils polluted with heavy metals. In this situation, it is important to focus on the combined use of both organic and inorganic fertilizers in judicious combination based on soil nutrient status to improve and sustain the soil fertility and productivity which is called integrated nutrient management. The word “sustainability” has recently come to find itself pushed forward into the limelight and attached as a modifier to nouns with which it formerly had no more than a nodding acquaintance. “Sustainable development,” for example, has been with us for some time, but more recent pairings are now commonplace: sustainable agriculture, sustainable design, sustainable energy, sustainable tourism, and sustainable living, to name a few. Remind of sustainability my research works carried out to solve this problem to save sustainable development. An experiment was conducted during the rainy (Kharif) season in 2015, to find out the effect of fungal isolates with different doses of fertilizer on the growth yield attributes of rice. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) from water samples and cultured from soil samples were examined microscopically for identification on the basis of morphological characters. The experiment comprises three replications and seven treatment combinations. The rice variety–PB1509 was transplanted with a pot experiment. The results showed that application of T₁ (N₀ P₀ K₀) (control), T₂ (N P K), T₃ (N_¾ P_¾ K), T₄ (N_½ P_½ K), T₅ (N_½ P_½ K + VAMV-SI/4), T₆ (N_½ P_½ K + VAMV-SII/5) and T₇ (N_½ P_½ K+ VAM-SIII/3) gave significantly yield attributes were also higher in this treatment (T₅) over control and other treatments. The study concluded that VAM can increase the physiologically activity root system of plants and help in the uptake of N, P, and K nutrients, and water. These findings suggested that the use of VAM may be a boon for the farmers who are destined to grow cereal.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Uma Bharti
Department of Botany, BRA Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India.

 

Pawan Kumar Srivastwa
BPSAC, Purnea, Bihar Agriculture University Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India.

 

Mukul Kumar
MBAC, Agwanpur, Saharsa, Bihar Agriculture University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India.

 

Suman Kalyani
BPSAC, Purnea, Bihar Agriculture University Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India.

 

Ranvir Kumar
BPSAC, Purnea, Bihar Agriculture University Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpmab/v9/1792

Transplantation Techniques of Pocillopora verrucosa and Stylophora pistillata (Anthozoa) Single and Mixed Systems in the Planting Area of Bali, Indonesia for Coral Reef Conservation | Chapter 3 | Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 3

The area of world coral reefs is decreasing, and the percentage of cover is getting lower, which requires immediate remedial action through transplantation and several other methods. This study aims to compare the transplantation techniques of Stylophora pistillata and Pocillopora verrucosa single and mixed systems carried out on the coast of Serangan Bali, Indonesia. Clumps of S. pistillata and P. verrucosa obtained from cultivation (F1) were cut using pliers and transplanted into a substrate made of a mixture of cement and sand; then, both species were cultivated in single and mixed structures. Growth observations and environmental data were collected weekly from October 2016 to January 2017. The growth data recorded were vertical growth, colony diameter, number of new polyps, and ecological parameters of temperature, pH, salinity, and current. Growth performance was evaluated by t-test with a confidence level of <5%. The results showed that during 12 weeks of cultivation, S. pistillata significantly showed faster vertical growth, wider colony diameter, and more polyps than P. verrucosa. Furthermore, coral transplantation in single species had substantially better growth performance than mixed cultivation, and the survival rate reached 100%. Transplantation of S. pistillata and P. verrucosa, corals in a single system, can be recommended as a coral reef conservation strategy in damaged coral ecosystems.

 

Author (s) Details

Lady Ayu Sriwijayanti
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Padjadjaran. Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia.

Djumanto
Fisheries Department, Faculty of Agriculture, UGM. Jl. Flora, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.

Namastra Probosunu
Fisheries Department, Faculty of Agriculture, UGM. Jl. Flora, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/geserh/v3/3027

Characterization of Four Hazelnut (Corylus avellana) Populations by Some of their Biological and Biochemical Traits | Chapter 9 | Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 9

 

The aim of characterizing these four populations was to determine whether there were any variations (local adaptation) among the four Corylus avellana L. (Hazelnut) populations. Variations considered included; leaf phenology (sprouting and setting), growth, mineral nutrient acquisition (N, P, K) and biochemical composition (glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch and proline). These were evaluated after co-cultivation in a common-container area. The cuttings were sourced from four distinct populations, rooted and cultivated under similar conditions for four years. Phenologies were scored in spring (March to April) and in autumn (October to November) for bud sprouting and bud set respectively. The plants were sampled twice per year in spring (April) and in autumn for nutrient and biochemical analyses. There were no significant differences in phenology and growth among populations. The phenology was related to the annual temperature and varied with the years. For most nutrient and biochemical parameters, there were no significant differences among the populations. Finally, the study highlighted the fact that both phenology timing and growth rate were consistent from year to year. The results demonstrated that despite the reported genetic differences and distance among the populations in their natural habitats, there were no local differentiations upon local co-cultivation. This demonstrated the great adaptive plasticity of hazelnuts to different climatic conditions. These adaptive capacities acting among the population could allow populations to cope with climate change and transfer, as in assisted migration, within the range tested.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

James Gacheru Wanjiku
Department of Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture Earth and Environmental Sciences, Taita Taveta University, P.O Box-635-080300, Voi, Kenya.

 

Heike Bohne
Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Section: Woody Plant and Propagation Physiology, Leibniz University of Hannover, Hannover, Germany.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/racas/v9/438

Comparison of Organic Manures and Biofertilizers on Growth and Yield of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb.) | Chapter 1 | Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 8

 Cucurbits were among the first group of plants used by man. They include dessert salad, pickling and culinary types. This study aims to find out a suitable combination of organic manures and biofertilizers, and their effect on the growth and yield of organic watermelon cultivation. This study was conducted at Instructional Farm, Department of Vegetable Science, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola during the summer season of 2019 - 2020. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications and nine treatments viz.T1 (Farm Yard Manure @ 40 t ha-1), T2 (Compost (NADEP) @ 18 t ha-1), T3 (Vermicompost @ 13.5 t ha-1), T4 (Poultry manure @ 6.6 t ha-1) and T5 (Farm Yard Manure @ 40 t ha-1 + Soil application of Azotobacter+ PSB @ 5 kg ha-1 each), T6 (Compost (NADEP) @18 t ha-1 + Soil application of Azotobacter+ PSB @ 5 kg ha-1 each), T7 (Vermicompost @ 13.5 t ha-1 + Soil application of Azotobacter+ PSB @ 5 kg ha-1 each), T8 (Poultry manure @ 6.6 t ha-1 + Soil application of Azotobacter+ PSB @ 5 kg ha-1 each), T9 Control (RDF- 200:100:100 NPK Kg/ha). The various observations with respect to vine growth and yield of watermelon were recorded periodically. From the present findings, it was observed that the growth parameters with respect to length of main vine, number of leaves, number of primary branches, chlorophyll index, days for first female flower appearance, internodal distance and male-female ratio were found better with Vermicompost @ 13.5 t ha-1+ soil application of Azotobacter +PSB @ 5kg ha-1 each. Yield parameters viz days required for edible maturity, number of fruits per vine, average fruit weight kg, fruit yield kg per vine and fruit yield per  ha-1 (tons) were found to be maximum with Vermicompost @ 13.5 t ha-1+ soil application of Azotobacter +PSB @ 5kg ha-1 each. This study concludes that the effect of organic manures and biofertilizers has influenced the growth and yield parameters of watermelons.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Arvind M. Sonkamble
Department of Vegetable Science, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (M.S.), India.

 

Aditya Mapari
Department of Vegetable Science, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (M.S.), India.

 

Surendra R. Patil
Department of Vegetable Science, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (M.S.), India.

 

Vishal D. Tayade
Department of Vegetable Science, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (M.S.), India.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/racas/v8/7501E

Alarmingly Finding the Growth of Animal Cell (Mouse Fibroblast) in the Presence of Antinutrient Gossypol in Culture | Chapter 12 | Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 5

 

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of gossypol on growth of animal cells in culture. A cells culture was established according to the methods of Freshney (2010). Four treatments examined were To= cells + media, Te= cells + ethanol, Tgl= cells + 5 µM gossypol, and TgH= cells + 20 µM gossypol. The results of this experiment indicated that the presence of gossypol 5 µM inhibited (p<0.01) cells growth, and gossypol at 20 µM completely stopped the increased in the numbers of cells. It was concluded that the division and growth of animal cells in culture were adversely depressed by gossypol probably due to gossypol-protein complexes which enveloping cells, preventing protein transferred from media to cells, and reduced the nutrient availability for growth.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Ismartoyo
Department of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar-90245, Indonesia.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ibs/v5/577

Effect of Different NPK Doses for Growth Response of Cassava Varieties in Rivers State, Nigeria | Chapter 6 | Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 7

The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of two NPK fertilizers on the growth response of three cassava varieties. The most of cassava varieties can tolerate marginal soils thereby playing a vital role in food security in Africa as a major staple food. Nigerian farmers in cassava-growing regions plant it as either a main or supplementary crop, and use bush fallowing and crop rotation to keep the soil healthy. Study on the growth response of three cassava varieties (TME 419, TMS 95/0289, TMS 96/0523) using two levels NPK fertilizers (NPK 20-10-10, NPK 15-15-15kg/ha) was carried out at the Rivers State University Teaching and Research Farm, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The study was designed using Randomized Complete Block Design and replicated thrice. Parameters measured were number of stands, number of stems, stem weight, fresh leaves weight, dry leaves weight and stalk weight. Result showed that cassava variety TMS 96/0523 interacting with NPK fertilizer level 15-15- 15 kg/ha produced the highest number of stems while TME 419 interacting with NPK 20-10-10 produced the least number of stems at harvest. Cassava variety TMS 95/0289 interacting with NPK 15-15-15 produced the highest stem weight (57.3) and stalk weight (27.0) while TME 419 interacting with NPK 15-15-15 had the highest mean value in fresh/dry leaves weight respectively. The monocropping of cassava leads to rapid depletion of major plant nutrients especially N and K and will require fertilizer supplement to give economic yield.  In varietal differences, TME 419 was higher (P<0.05) in number of stands and fresh/dry leaves weight, TMS 95/0289 produced the heaviest stalk weight and stem weight while TMS 96/0523 was higher in number of stems. NPK 15-15-15 was highest in number of stems, stem weight, number of stands, fresh/dry weight and NPK 20-10-10 was high in stalk weight. Thus, NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer is highly recommendable as it improved stem number, stem weight, fresh leaves weight and dry leaves weight of the studied varieties.

Author(s) Details:

Lawson T. S.,
University Farm, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Gbaraneh L. D.,
Department of Crop/Soil Science, Rivers State University, P.M.B. 5080 Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACAS-V7/article/view/14264

Growth and Decay of an Entity’s Population: A Differential Calculus Approach | Chapter 12 | Contemporary Research in Business, Management and Economics Vol. 1

In this research report, it is the study of the growth or decay of a population according to the resources. Population Growth and Decay study of the growth or the decrease of a population of a given entity, is carried out according to the environment. In an infinite environment, ie when the resources are unlimited, a population P believes according to the following differential equation P' = KP, with the application of the differential calculus we obtain an exponential function of the variable time (t). The function of which we can predict approximately a population according to the signs of k and time (t). If k > 0, we speak of the Malthusian croissant. On the other hand, in a finite environment ie when resources are limited, the population can not exceed a certain value. and it satisfies the logistic equation proposed by the economist Francois Verhulst: P' = P(1 - P).

Author(s) Details:

Lansana Toure,
Department of Business Administration, Julius Nyéréré University Kankan, Guinea.

Mouctar NDiaye,
Department of Mathematics, Julius Nyéré University, Kankan, Guinea.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CRBME-V1/article/view/13595

Determination of Growth Efficiency of Expansionary Fiscal Policy via Monetary Policy in Shrinking Periods: Wide Range of Country Analysis | Chapter 5 | An Overview on Business, Management and Economics Research Vol. 8

There are many different opinions in the literature that expansionary fiscal policies can be effective on growth during periods of economic contraction. In this study, the effectiveness of fiscal policy is included in empirical analysis both in theory and practice, while the results of its interaction with monetary policy are also included. This study examines different approaches to expansionary fiscal policies regarding the effects and tradeoffs between fiscal expenditures-growth, expansionary tax policies-growth, and inflation-growth. The short-term and long- term effects of fiscal policies on growth in 110 countries for 2007-2016 were analyzed, considering the expansionary policies of the 2007-2009 period, the effect of the primary growth dynamics, and the interaction of monetary-fiscal policies. The results show a holistic view and effectiveness. When looking at the fiscal policies, only subsidies were found to be significant among the expenditure items in the short term, with a low probability. However, no positive relationship was found with growth. For this reason, it is observed that the fiscal policy composition discussed within the scope of the study is not pro-growth, and resources are inadequate or incorrectly transferred at the global level. It becomes clear that the common area of action in monetary policy supports growth and the importance of structural growth dynamics. Collaborating in fiscal and monetary policies among all countries may be more pro-growth. In the processes where growth was supported, inflation was reflected in the results where the trade-off was more limited.

Author(s) Details:

Tugba Demirtas,
Central Bank of the Republic of Turkiye, Istanbul, Turkiye.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/AOBMER-V8/article/view/13107

Effect of Fertilizer on Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under Greenhouse Conditions | Chapter 10 | Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 1

Paper money (Cucumis sativus L.) is regarded as an main vegetable crop in the tropics and it is individual of the widely consumed appendage of Cucurbitaceae family. It ranks one of four equal parts after attractive woman, cabbage and onion in Asia. Still, like any crop, paper money requires appropriate mineral and water management for correct growth and good yield, thus, the need for manure application to reach high yield is critical. Therefore, the primary objective concerning this study was to try the effect of fertilizer [CAN (CaCO3 + NH4NO3)] levels on the progress and yield potential of cucumber under hothouse conditions. Cucumber (type: Ashely) and different levels of fertilizers [CAN (CaCO3 + NH4NO3)]; nothing (T1), low (T2), medium (T3) and straight (T3) were applied. Consequently, manure levels exhibited bigger plant growth for situations (T2, T3, and T4) than the control (T1). Highest number of flowers were recorded in T4 (32.33) followed by T2 and the lowest number of flowers for T1. . Almost, while treatment T1 (control) had the slightest germination portion (86.66%), treatment (T2) cut the highest germination allotment (94.6%) followed by situation T4 (93.3%) and T3 (92.0%). Surprisingly, T2, T3, and T4 demonstrated notable increase in fruit length, product diameter and dry pressure. Comparatively, T2 had better accomplishment in term of crop growth, happening and yield, T4 was not recommended since it was not economical to use high level of manure. Additionally, the results again revealed that the lower level of manure had significant impact on differing growth stages of paper money. It was clearly famous that although soils in South Sudan are productive, there is need to ask, depending on soil strength, minimum doses of fertilizer to enhance crop performance. The result of this research revealed that lower level of [CAN (CaCO3 + NH4NO3)] fertilizer and drop irrigation exceptionally for off-season production had positive effect on tumor and yield of cucumber acquired per unit region.

Author(s) Details:

Peter B. S. Gama,
Department of Agricultural Sciences, School of Natural Resources & Environmental Studies (SNRES), University of Juba, P.O. Box 82, Juba, South Sudan.

Annet Manua Moses,
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Hai Amarat, Ministry Road, Juba, South Sudan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACAS-V1/article/view/12997

A Retrospective and Prospective Study on EGFR Mutations in Lung Carcinomas | Chapter 11 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 4

 This episode aim to study epidermal growth determinant receptor expression by immunohistochemistry in diagnosed cases of Non- narrow cell carcinomas of body part at our institute and to determine the value of EGFR test by immunohistochemistry in envisioning response to mean therapy and clinical effect. Tumours with augmented EGFR are more likely to have a significant component of stable growth, partnership between EGFR elaboration. Lung cancer is one of the top causes of tumor fatalities in men and women alike. Non-limited cell lung carcinomas, that account for the enormous majority of lung malignancies (about 75%), have convinced challenging to treat on account of a poorly known pathological machine. Recent advances in cell indicating networks that control cell continuation have revealed genetic and supervisory flaws that restrict cell death, improve cell division, and drive tumorogenesis. A two-period retrospective and prospective hearing of bronchial samples that were diagnosed as non-limited cell carcinoma at our institute, in addition to the patients' reactions to targeted healing and the expression of the epidermal growth determinant receptor immunohistochemical marker. The judgment showed that Out of twenty- nine (29) cases of lung malignancies plurality were Non -small container carcinomas- twenty- seven cases (27), of which adenocarcinomas were seventeen (17) cases topped the list, attended by squamous cell carcinomas (5) cases, diseased epithelial lesions (3) cases and poorly differentiated carcinomas (2) cases. There were two (2) cases of small container carcinomas. Fifteen cases of non-small container carcinoma had EGFR mutations, and twelfth patients were put on Gefitinib and Erlotinib point in a direction therapy. All having twelve of something of them responded genially to chemotherapy. The adulthood of non-small cell carcinomas of the body part, including all adenocarcinomas in non-smokers, have mutations in the epidermal development factor receptor (EGFR). Patients' clinical consequences could be expected. Targeted chemotherapy produces a noticeable effect.

Author(s) Details:

Yugandhar Pothina,
Department of Pulmonology, Asram Medical College, Elluru, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Gudeli Vahini,
Department of Pathology, Asram Medical College, Elluru, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India.

M. Lalitha Shree,
Department of Pathology, Asram Medical College, Elluru, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Thota Asha,
Department of Pathology, Asram Medical College, Elluru, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V4/article/view/12480