Effect of Nano Selenium-enriched Diet on the Growth Performance and Biochemical Parameters of Labeo rohita | Chapter 9 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 6

 

Selenium (Se) is an essential microelement utilised in aqua-feeds for aquatic animals’ normal growth, well-being and health. When selenium is present in adequate concentrations in fish diets, protecting against oxidative damage. Selenium is required for the function of several significant seleno-proteins, including glutathione peroxidase (GPx) responses of fish. This study was intended to assess the growth performance of Labeo rohita (Rohu) resulting from the nano Se-merged diet. Nano Se was synthesized and its physico-chemical characteristics were characterized using UV-VIS, SEM, EDAX, XRD and FTIR for varying quantities of nano Se; Diets - I-0, II- 0.5, III-1, IV-1.5, V-2 and VI- 2.5 mg/ kg were prepared, making use of fish meal (FM), groundnut oil cake (GNOC), wheat flour (WF) and tapioca flour (TF). Rohu fingerlings (2 ± 0.5 g) were acclimated for 2 weeks and stocked in triplicate to evaluate growth performance and biochemical parameters under experimental feeding conditions. Feed-utilising parameters and the biochemical composition of Rohu were evaluated subsequently after 28 days. Data on growth parameters were analysed using IBM SPSS software 17. The UV-Vis Spectroscopy revealed that nano Se was assessed in wavelengths of 200 to 500 nm and exhibited strong absorption at 322 nm. The SEM image showed spherical morphology with an average particle diameter of 12.22 μm. EDAX spectrum recorded two signals at 1.5 keV and 11 keV. XRD patterns showed crystalline characteristics of nano Se at 2θ correlators of 23.5o, 29.7o, 41.4o, 43.6o, 45.4o, 51.7o, 55.9o and 61.5o. FTIR spectrum was examined in the range of 4000 – 500 cm-1. Rohu's growth performance and biochemical analysis revealed that the protein, carbohydrate and lipids of gill, liver and muscle of Rohu were highly increased in the case of diet IV containing 1.5 mg/kg nano Se. The study concluded that a fish diet containing 1.5 mg/kg of nano Se is the recommended level for Rohu's effective growth and biochemical criteria.

 

 

Author(s) Details

 

M. Dayana Senthamarai
Department of Biology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram, TN, India.

 

M. Rekha
Department of Biology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram, TN, India.

 

M. R. Rajan
Department of Biology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram, TN, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v6/6115

Biochemical Study of Solanum aethiopicum Shum Berry, Ingredient of ‘Mendim Me Zon’ (Traditional Tea) | Chapter 1 | Solanum aethiopicum Shum, an Example of the Richness of the Food and Therapeutic Heritage of a Continent in a Country, Cameroon, Africa in Miniature, Edition 1

Solanum aethiopicum L. Shum (SAS) berries are consumed either raw or in the form of a tea, so-called “Mendim Me Zon”. Revitalizing and detoxifying properties are attributed to this beverage. This work was performed to study the chemical composition and microbial load of SAS berries harvested from five agroecological zones in Cameroon. The results showed that berries freshly harvested from all five agroecological zones were highly contaminated by microorganisms. Berries from the highlands and bimodal rainfall forest zones had a higher rate of contamination, while they were less contaminated in the Sudan-Sahelian zone. The berries were cleaned with sodium hypochlorite eliminating them from pathogenic microorganisms. The monosaccharide profile was established using gas chromatography. The agroecological zones influenced the chemical composition of the SAS berries (P < 0.05), with the exception of proteins and lipids (P > 0.05). These berries were more concentrated in the Sudano-Sahelian zone and more hydrated in the monomodal rainfall forest zone. However, carbohydrates were the most abundant macronutrient irrespective of the place of production, bitter taste of berries is probably determined by their phytonutrients. Mineral salts such as calcium, magnesium, and potassium varied following the agroecological zones, as well as trace elements like zinc and manganese (P < 0.05), Compared to iron which remained unchanged irrespective of the place of production (P > 0.05). Gas chromatography analysis of the extract showed that extract was composed of pentose (fucose), hexoses (mannose, galactose and glucose), hexosamines (glucosamine and galactosamine), uronic acid (glucuronic acid) and sialic acid (N-acetyl-neuraminic acid). Fructose was absent from the extract, while the mannose was relatively more abundant. These results suggested that the chemical composition and microbial load of SAS depended on the agroecological zones while confirming their richness in important nutrients. The monosaccharide profile justifies the traditional use of these berries as a nutraceutical. However, further studies including toxicity and bioactivity are still needed to determine the safety and efficacy of “Mendim me Zon”.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Valentin Desire Guiama
Laboratory of Food Biochemistry and Technology, University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon and Laboratory of Motricity and Health, University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon.

 

Robert Germain Beka
Laboratory of Food Biochemistry and Technology, University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon.

 

Juliette Koube
Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Douala, Cameroon.

 

Esther Ngah
Laboratory of Food Biochemistry and Technology, University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon and Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, National Advanced School of Agro-Industrial Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundere, Cameroon.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-48859-15-0/CH1

Changes in Streptomyces Bacteria in Rhizospheric Soil as Compared to Non-Rhizospheric Soil: A Case Study from North-East of Qatar | Chapter 9 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 7

 This stage elucidate the changes in the microbial society (especially Streptomyces microorganisms) at the saline lands (rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric), and by means of what the presence of native plants, halophytes e.g., attract few new species of Streptomyces microorganisms by conducting few important biochemical and organic tests. Plants are part of a rich environment including many and diverse microorganisms in the soil. It has existed long recognized that few of these microbes, in the way that mycorrhizal fungi or nitrogen fixing cooperative bacteria, play main roles in plant act by improving not organic nutrition. The organic activities acted by plants and microorganisms in dry and saline soil play an main role in making them blossom in these extreme environmental environments. Therefore, in this place research, four halophyte plants namely: Caroxylon imbricatum, Sporobolus ioclados, Tamarix aphylla, and Tetraena qatarensis, were preferred to investigate the features, characteristics, and projects of Streptomyces isolates in these habitats. The synthetic and physical features of soil at the study area (Al Ghariya Sabkha) told that pH levels are almost uniform and homogenous across the Sabkha; grazing between 7.7-7.9, and salinity levels were very extreme at non-rhizospheric soil as compared to the rhizospheric soils, so, all elements at the rhizospheres of the intentional plants have lower concentrations than those at the non-rhizospheric soils. Numerous types of isolates accompanying unique community characteristics and characteristics were found in the rhizospheric soil of halophytes. These judgments suggest that a abundant number of strains of Streptomyces bacteria have grew in these miniature habitats inside the canopy of these plants. The current study told a limited number of variety of this type in the non-rhizospheric soils, only four isolates at this mini-residence of the halophytes under investigation were acknowledged, these isolates showed restricted characteristics of community features that included: flying mycelium color, soluble color, reverse color, and the form of the whole community. The enzyme ventures of the isolates that have been intentional in the rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric soils have shown more changing isolates in the rhizosphere of the plants under investigation than those of non-rhizospheric soils. The adulthood of the Streptomyces isolates at these mini-residences shown a forceful antibacterial effect against the strains that were checked, including Grandam-positive (B. subtilis, S. aureus, and S. epidermidis) and Grandam-negative (E. coli). Overall, the results of this research showed that the features and characteristics of Streptomyces microorganisms explaining their biodiversity were extreme in rhizospheric soils of halophytes as compared to non-rhizospheric soils.

Author(s) Details:

Roda Fahad Al-Thani,
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.

Aisha Al-Mohannadi,
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.

Dana Deyab,
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.

Fatima Abdulla Al-Yafei,
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.

Mohammad Yousaf Ashfaq
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.

Bassam Taha Yasseen,
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V7/article/view/12902