Impact of Low-pressure Drip Irrigation on Cowpea Yield and Water Use | Chapter 6 | Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 8

Many small and marginal farmers do not own their land and generally carry out farming on leased land. Apart from the unpredictable climatic conditions, labour shortage and high labour costs have made farming the last choice for the people of Kerala. The comparative study was conducted to evaluate the performance of low-pressure drip irrigation systems and manual hose irrigation in cowpeas. Irrigation time optimized at 30 minutes provided 500 ml of water per plant. Based on the growth stage, the crop water requirement of vegetables was estimated to be 1 to 2.2 litre/day. To meet this crop water requirement, irrigation was done at 4 times intervals i.e., morning twice and evening twice in such a manner 2.2 litre water was irrigated per plant. Thus, drip irrigation conserved 70% water compared to manual hose irrigation. It was found that drip irrigation gave a 33% higher yield than the yield obtained with the manual drip irrigation system. Overcoming severe drought, 1.18 q/ha-cm water use efficiency was recorded in DIS. Low-pressure DIS increased irrigation efficiency by up to 95% than that of the conventional method of irrigation. It was concluded that 70% water savings were observed for drip irrigation by avoiding the over-wetting of the plot which leads to overrun and water loss.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Chithra G.
Agricultural Engineering, ICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Mitraniketan, Thiruvnanthapuram, 695543, Kerala, India.

 

Binu John Sam
ICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Mitraniketan, Thiruvnanthapuram, 695543, Kerala, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpas/v8/4237

Performance Evaluation of Drip Irrigation System in Grapes Field in Tamil Nadu, India | Chapter 3 | Research Advances in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 3

 

Field evaluation of the drip irrigation unit is important. It is important to establish whether the desired emitter discharge uniformity specifications are being met and to decide whether the system can be operated efficiently. A commercial drip irrigation system was evaluated at a farmer’s field under grapes to study the various parameters, viz., emission uniformity, emitter flow variations and statistical uniformity during the year 2019. The soil characteristics of the experiment field at different profile depths were analyzed and sandy loam soil is available at 0 to 15 cm depth and sandy clay loam is available from 15 cm to 60 cm depths, Irrigation was given daily based on potential evaporation. The soil moisture status during the crop growth period at various depths under the emitter was studied. The soil moisture in the field was maintained in a range of 21 to 23% under drip irrigation in the 60 cm depth irrespective of the duration. During the rainy season when no irrigation was given, the soil moisture fluctuated depending upon the intensity of rainfall. The system performance was good as indicated by the high uniformity coefficient (93%) which indicates that the field was irrigated in a highly uniform manner. In contrast to the rainy period, there is an increase in the soil moisture content with respect to depth. This increase is also identical as reflected by the gradient of the soil moisture profile. The yield was estimated as 27500 kg/ha and water use efficiency was found to be 566 kg.ha/cm. The study revealed that the superiority of drip irrigated soil regime and moisture content in the soil at 60 cm depth was more or less maintained constantly during the irrigation period.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

A. Valliammai
Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, Kumulur, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, India.

 

M. Nagarajan
Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, Kumulur, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, India.

 

E. Sujitha
Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, Kumulur, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, India.

 

Please See the book here :-  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/raeges/v3/12805F

Effect of Fertilizer on Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under Greenhouse Conditions | Chapter 10 | Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 1

Paper money (Cucumis sativus L.) is regarded as an main vegetable crop in the tropics and it is individual of the widely consumed appendage of Cucurbitaceae family. It ranks one of four equal parts after attractive woman, cabbage and onion in Asia. Still, like any crop, paper money requires appropriate mineral and water management for correct growth and good yield, thus, the need for manure application to reach high yield is critical. Therefore, the primary objective concerning this study was to try the effect of fertilizer [CAN (CaCO3 + NH4NO3)] levels on the progress and yield potential of cucumber under hothouse conditions. Cucumber (type: Ashely) and different levels of fertilizers [CAN (CaCO3 + NH4NO3)]; nothing (T1), low (T2), medium (T3) and straight (T3) were applied. Consequently, manure levels exhibited bigger plant growth for situations (T2, T3, and T4) than the control (T1). Highest number of flowers were recorded in T4 (32.33) followed by T2 and the lowest number of flowers for T1. . Almost, while treatment T1 (control) had the slightest germination portion (86.66%), treatment (T2) cut the highest germination allotment (94.6%) followed by situation T4 (93.3%) and T3 (92.0%). Surprisingly, T2, T3, and T4 demonstrated notable increase in fruit length, product diameter and dry pressure. Comparatively, T2 had better accomplishment in term of crop growth, happening and yield, T4 was not recommended since it was not economical to use high level of manure. Additionally, the results again revealed that the lower level of manure had significant impact on differing growth stages of paper money. It was clearly famous that although soils in South Sudan are productive, there is need to ask, depending on soil strength, minimum doses of fertilizer to enhance crop performance. The result of this research revealed that lower level of [CAN (CaCO3 + NH4NO3)] fertilizer and drop irrigation exceptionally for off-season production had positive effect on tumor and yield of cucumber acquired per unit region.

Author(s) Details:

Peter B. S. Gama,
Department of Agricultural Sciences, School of Natural Resources & Environmental Studies (SNRES), University of Juba, P.O. Box 82, Juba, South Sudan.

Annet Manua Moses,
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Hai Amarat, Ministry Road, Juba, South Sudan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACAS-V1/article/view/12997

Effect of Irrigation Levels on Growth and Yield of Okra under Mulching | Chapter 7 | Research Highlights in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 9

 A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the mulching and different irrigation levels on growth and yield of okra at farm, college of agricultural engineering Kandi, Sangareddy. The treatments of the study comprised of randomized block design with black plastic mulch (BPM) and silver plastic mulch (SPM) under drip irrigation. Three different irrigation levels 1.2 ET, 1.0 ET and 0.75 ET were used for comparative study. Irrigation scheduling throughout the crop period was done by installing open pan evaporimeter. The pan evaporation and crop evapotranspiration values significantly vary over different stages of okra crop. The maximum and minimum average daily pan evaporation was recorded 17 mm and 1 mm at mid stage and late stage of okra crop respectively while, the maximum average daily ETc was recorded 9 mm day-1 at mid stage of okra crop. Vegetative parameters such as Plant height, No. of leaves, No. of branches and yield parameters i.e., pod length, pod per plant, pod weight, pod yield were observed to be affected by irrigation levels and mulching. The study revealed that vegetative growth found good in silver plastic mulch for all the treatments as compared to black plastic mulch. The yield is observed maximum in BPM under 1.0 ET and found to be most suitable for getting higher yield of okra due to optimum irrigation level.

Author(s) Details:

B. Lakshmi,
College of Agricultural Engineering, Kandi, Sangareddy, India.

B. Pooja,
College of Agricultural Engineering, Kandi, Sangareddy, India.

Ch. Akshithaa,
College of Agricultural Engineering, Kandi, Sangareddy, India.

D. Anjali,
College of Agricultural Engineering, Kandi, Sangareddy, India.

G. Haripriya,
College of Agricultural Engineering, Kandi, Sangareddy, India.

Radha Srivalli,
College of Agricultural Engineering, Kandi, Sangareddy, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHAS-V9/article/view/9473

Assessment of the Recession Phase in a Drip Irrigated Blueberry (Hybrid Cross of Vaccinium sp.) Crop under Different Irrigation Design Criteria and Irrigation Scheduling in Concordia, Entre Ríos, Argentina | Chapter 08 | Current Topics in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 6

 As the world's population grows, so does the need to enhance food production efficiency. Irrigation is a basic instrument for economic and sustainable development, but water availability is limited, forcing farmers to progress in boosting water productivity. Irrigation consumes over 70% of all available fresh water, with a water application efficiency of around 40%. To attain high levels of water productivity, irrigation systems must adhere to strict design criteria. Maintenance is required to keep those systems operating at their optimal levels. Finally, to obtain low water footprint values, daily precision system management, tracking soil water potential, considering effective rain storage at root level of the crop and the evolution of daily evapotranspiration, and safeguarding natural resources are important. The goal of this project is to provide tools for deciding how to build and irrigate drip irrigation systems efficiently while considering the recession phase. The Uniformity Coefficient of Christiansen (UCC) was 95,14 percent in an 8-year drip irrigation system, whereas the Uniform Coefficient of the Minor Quart (UCMQ) was 93,16 percent. When the measurements were completed and the irrigation systems were turned off, the Total Distribution Efficiency (EDT) was 95.13 percent. EDT was 95.13 percent when measurements included the volume collected during the "recession phase in drip irrigation" and the "volume of water collected during the recession phase" measured at various sites. Furthermore, the EDT was 91,85 percent, 9,47 percent, and 90,30 percent, respectively, when three different typical soils of the area were evaluated, based on the varying water storage capacity of each soil. The Total Distribution Efficient is a powerful approach for evaluating drip irrigation system design and management under various design criteria, management practises, and system maintenance. Between 2010 and 2015, the water footprint of fresh fruit was measured at 846, 310, 223, 212, 172, and 218 litres per kg.

Author(S) Details

A. Pannunzio
University of Buenos Aires, Av. San Martin 4500, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

E. A. Holzapfel
Centro de Recursos Hídricos para la Agricultura y la Minería. Casilla 537, Chillán, Chile.

P. Texeira
University of Buenos Aires, Av. San Martin 4500, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CTAS-V6/article/view/6217

Study on Irrigation and Fertigation Scheduling for Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative (SSI) through Subsurface Drip Irrigation | Chapter 6 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 13

Because of the high yield with minimal input, the Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative (SSI) under Sub Surface Drip Irrigation (SSDI) is gaining popularity among farmers. Even if farmers are aware of the benefits of SSI under SSDI, the formulation of an effective irrigation and fertigation schedule is critical. Three years of field trials were conducted at the Agricultural Research Station in Bhavanisagar to determine the best irrigation and fertigation schedule for SSI in the Western Agroclimatic Zone. The experiment was conducted in a three-replication randomised block design. Six treatments were SSDI with three irrigation regimes of 100, 80, and 60% pan evaporation and two fertigation levels of 100 and 75 percent of recommended N & K through fertiga, and two treatments were surface drip irrigation (SDI) with 100 percent pan evaporation (PE) + 100 percent RD and 100 percent PE + 75 percent RD of N&K through fertiga. SSDI with 60% PE + 100% RD of N&K through fertigation had lower water use (1004 mm) and greater WUE (113 kg/ha mm), according to the findings of this study. SSDI with 100 percent PE + 100 percent RD of N&K through fertigation and surface drip irrigation with 100 percent PE + 100 percent RD of N&K through fertigation produced much greater and comparable sugarcane yields (148 t/ha). SSDI with 100 percent PE + 100 percent RD of N&K through fertigation treatment had a greater net return (Rs. 2,09,405 per ha) and B:C ratio (2.6).

Author (S) Details

M. Manikandan

Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Kumulur – 621 712, Tamil Nadu, India.

G. Thiyagarajan

Water Technology Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore – 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CRAS-V13/article/view/3817

Experimental Research on Infiltration Flow in the Soil of Drip Irrigation Technique for Suitable WaterSaving Irrigation for Grape Leaves at the WaterScarce Region of Vietnam | Chapter 10 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 11

 Drip irrigation is a water-saving technique for crops in water-stressed areas. Drippers deliver water to the soil surface directly, continuously, and on a regular basis, and it infiltrates into the cultivated soil layer to ensure that plants grow and develop properly. The authors carried out the experiment and observed infiltration flow while researching soil moisture of the drip irrigation technique to determine the suitable irrigation schedule for Grape leaves in a water-scarce region. Based on observed and calculated results, the authors have proposed a correlation of parameters as follows: infiltration depth, the average radius of the wetting front in the horizontal direction, the amount and time of irrigation water, the velocity of horizontal (vr) and vertical (vz) permeability of drip irrigation technique The parameter correlation coefficients are high (R2 from 0.906 to 0.9899). The goal of this study is to determine the infiltration process and the depth of water after watering in order to conduct research on soil moisture processes and to determine the appropriate irrigation schedule for Grape leaves in particular and for terrestrial plants (with short roots) in general in a water-scarce region of South Central Vietnam.

Author (s) Details

Tran Thai Hung
Southern Institute of Water Resources Research, Vietnam.

Vo Khac Tri
Southern Institute of Water Resources Research, Vietnam.

Le Sam
Southern Institute of Water Resources Research, Vietnam.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CRAS-V11/article/view/1970

Influence of Different Drip and Surface Irrigation Levels on Water Productivity of Rabi Maize | Chapter 3 | New Perspectives in Agriculture and Crop Science Vol. 3

 At the Water Technology Centre, college farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, a field experiment was performed during rabi 2015-16. One of the aims of this is to research the impact of different levels of irrigation on maize's water productivity. The treatment was accompanied by surface irrigation at 0.6 IW/CPE (T1), 0.8 IW/CPE (T2), 1.0 IW/CPE (T3), 1.2 IW/CPE (T4), 0.6 Epan (T5) drip irrigation, 0.8 Epan (T6) drip irrigation, 1.0 Epan (T7) drip irrigation and 1.2 Epan (T8) drip irrigation. The highest water productivity was recorded by drip irrigation planned at 0.6 Epan (1.34 kg m3), which consumed 3130 m3 of water, followed by drip irrigation planned at 0.8 Epan. On the other side, with surface irrigation designed at 1.0 and 1.2 IW/CPE ratios (0.84 and 0.84 kg m3), which consumed 4670 and 5170 m3 of water respectively, the lowest was observed. The productivity of the water was consistent with the calculated data expected in the Aqua Crop model.

Author(s) Details

M. Roja
Department of Agronomy, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, Odisha 761211, India.

C. H. Deepthi
Department of Agronomy, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, Odisha 761211, India.

M. Devender Reddy

Department of Agronomy, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, Odisha 761211, India.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/293