Machine Learning in Water Management | Chapter 3 | Science and Technology - Recent Updates and Future Prospects Vol. 1

 

Water management is a major issue already addressed in most international forums. Water harvesting and recycling are critical criteria for meeting the per capita availability of water (Krishna et.al., 2008). In this regard, we must focus on water management approaches that can be easily implemented across a wide range of applications (Benos et.al., 2021). Amid population increase and varied challenges, there is an urgent need to establish intelligent water management mechanisms for the effective distribution, conservation, and maintenance of water (Safder et.al., 2022). The present work highlights a few important application areas that are essential for precision water management in which artificial neural network (ANN), recurrent neural network (RNN) and random Forest (RF) are some of the most useful developments in machine learning (ML) models (Mokhtari et.al.,2020) in different aspects of water such as wastewater recycling, water distribution, rainfall estimation and irrigation water management that can be used to predict the future scenario. As a result, there is an urgent need to generate datasets and models/algorithms that can be used to deliver solutions for the above-mentioned applications. Machine learning architecture can aid in the development of a smart model for the sustainable use of natural resources (Lowe et.al.,2022), as well as the usage of AI/ML in conjunction with different neural network models and simple statistical analysis to create an effective water management framework to deal all water-related problems.

Author(s) Details:

Aditya V Machnoor,
Discipline of Water Science and Technology, Water Technology Centre, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.

Ajayakumar
Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru-560065, Karnataka, India.

Mallanna Malagatti
Discipline of Seed Science and Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.


Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/STRUFP-V1/article/view/14325

Hydrological and Morphometric Assessment of the Warana River Basin, Maharashtra, India: Informing Irrigation Water Practices in Agricultural Dominant Landscapes | Chapter 4 | Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 6

This research paper delves into the morphometric characteristics of the Warana River basin in Maharashtra, shedding light on its hydrological conditions, particularly in agriculture-dominated areas. Utilizing geo-processing techniques in QGIS 3.16, the study calculates various morphometric parameters to discern the basin's hydrological intricacies. The Warana River basin, identified as a Seventh-order basin, exhibits a dendritic drainage pattern with notable stream frequency (2.99/km), infiltration number (7.22), and drainage density (2.41 km/km2), indicating heightened runoff potential. While a low Constant of channel maintenance (0.41) and lineament density (0.20 km/km2) suggests moderate recharge potential, the interrelationship among morphometric parameters denotes a basin with moderate flood and recharge properties. Flood frequency analysis at the Shigaon River gauging station indicates frequent floods in the basin, and decadal water table fluctuations reveal moderate to high recharge characteristics. The study underscores the significance of morphometric analysis for effective watershed management, advocating the development of surface water harvesting and management plans. For semiarid river basins with moderate groundwater potential and flood propensity, the implementation of surface water storage structures emerges as a practical solution for flood control and groundwater harvesting. Elevated stream frequency and lineament density in the upper reaches of the Warana River basin highlight substantial surface water resources, emphasizing the potential for constructing water conservation and irrigation projects. The fluctuation in pre- and post-monsoon groundwater tables indicates moderate recharge potential, paving the way for the establishment of groundwater recharge structures in the basin's lower southeastern reaches.

Author(s) Details:

Suraj Kalgonda Patil,
Department of Civil Engineering, DKTEs Textile and Engineering Institute, Ichalkaranji, Maharashtra 416115, India.

Tejaswini Nikhil Bhagwat,
Department of Studies in Civil Engineering, University B.D.T. College of Engineering, Davangere, (A VTU Constituent College, Belagavi), Karnataka 577004, India.

Amitkumar Sukumar Sajane,
Department of Civil Engineering, Dr. J.J. Magdum College of Engineering, Jaysingpur, Maharashtra, 416101, India.

Amanulla Liyakatali Mulla,
Department of Civil Engineering, DKTEs Textile and Engineering Institute, Ichalkaranji, Maharashtra 416115, India.

Gomatesh Sharad Patil,
Department of Civil Engineering, DKTEs Textile and Engineering Institute, Ichalkaranji, Maharashtra 416115, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACAS-V6/article/view/14146

Water Management Trajectory: Evidence from Smallholder Farmers in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa| Chapter 1 | Research Highlights in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 6

 The book branch looked at water management course, conservation practices and restraints encountered by smallholder farmers in water ability conservation in Mpumalanga, South Africa. In South Africa, most smallholder watering schemes lack adequate ranchers’ participation and a shapely human capital to effectively maintain watering infrastructure and save water. Data from the survey was gathered through focus group conferences, informed scrutiny, and structured questionnaires. The frequency answers, mean, and logistics regression were working for data reasoning. The chapter elucidates how the following variables-age, common, level of education, approach to irrigation facilities, fee of water tariff and land extension services were meaningful and associated with endorsement of water conservation practice. The identified restraints in water management and enactment process were inadequate technical directions, financial, government tactics, and inadequate information of water conservation practices. The book chapter epitomises the need to enhance information, reveal the benefits of water conservation and management, and guarantee maintenance of water preservation infrastructure. In the main, concerted work must be made to form a robust database on water administration and conservation, willing to the environment of Mpumalanga.

Author(s) Details:

Agholor, Azikiwe Isaac,
School of Agriculture, Agricultural Extension and Rural Resource Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, Private Bag X11283, Nelspruit, 1200, South Africa.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHAS-V6/article/view/8839

Integral Environmental Study "Parana Islands" Ex El Rico Reserve (Santa Fe, Argentina)| Chapter 5 | Current Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 6

 The islands under study are part of the "Islas del Paraná" New National Park, and an interdisciplinary assessment was done in which the historical situation and the present situation were contrasted. This location served as an experimental field for the Province of Santa Fe's Ministry of Agriculture between the 1960s and the 1970s. There, local plants and animals were tested for many years before the area was abandoned and turned into a cow ranch by the settlers. El Rico was included in the 2010 creation of the "Islas de Santa Fe" National Park. El Rico is noteworthy since it is the only island that was thoroughly investigated at the level of vegetation in the 1980s, providing us with precise data. Thirty years of satellite imagery, river height data, and rainfall data were used to compare three sources and create water management plans. Using a Geographic Information System, maps of the water status were created, and trend lines were created to illustrate the problem.

Author(s) Details:

Adrian Oscar Bussolini,
FCEIA - National University of Rosario, Argentina.

Jorge Postma,
FCEIA - National University of Rosario, Argentina.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAGEES-V6/article/view/8262

Assessment of the Recession Phase in a Drip Irrigated Blueberry (Hybrid Cross of Vaccinium sp.) Crop under Different Irrigation Design Criteria and Irrigation Scheduling in Concordia, Entre Ríos, Argentina | Chapter 08 | Current Topics in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 6

 As the world's population grows, so does the need to enhance food production efficiency. Irrigation is a basic instrument for economic and sustainable development, but water availability is limited, forcing farmers to progress in boosting water productivity. Irrigation consumes over 70% of all available fresh water, with a water application efficiency of around 40%. To attain high levels of water productivity, irrigation systems must adhere to strict design criteria. Maintenance is required to keep those systems operating at their optimal levels. Finally, to obtain low water footprint values, daily precision system management, tracking soil water potential, considering effective rain storage at root level of the crop and the evolution of daily evapotranspiration, and safeguarding natural resources are important. The goal of this project is to provide tools for deciding how to build and irrigate drip irrigation systems efficiently while considering the recession phase. The Uniformity Coefficient of Christiansen (UCC) was 95,14 percent in an 8-year drip irrigation system, whereas the Uniform Coefficient of the Minor Quart (UCMQ) was 93,16 percent. When the measurements were completed and the irrigation systems were turned off, the Total Distribution Efficiency (EDT) was 95.13 percent. EDT was 95.13 percent when measurements included the volume collected during the "recession phase in drip irrigation" and the "volume of water collected during the recession phase" measured at various sites. Furthermore, the EDT was 91,85 percent, 9,47 percent, and 90,30 percent, respectively, when three different typical soils of the area were evaluated, based on the varying water storage capacity of each soil. The Total Distribution Efficient is a powerful approach for evaluating drip irrigation system design and management under various design criteria, management practises, and system maintenance. Between 2010 and 2015, the water footprint of fresh fruit was measured at 846, 310, 223, 212, 172, and 218 litres per kg.

Author(S) Details

A. Pannunzio
University of Buenos Aires, Av. San Martin 4500, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

E. A. Holzapfel
Centro de Recursos Hídricos para la Agricultura y la Minería. Casilla 537, Chillán, Chile.

P. Texeira
University of Buenos Aires, Av. San Martin 4500, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CTAS-V6/article/view/6217