Authoritative GIS without Trusted Third Parties | Chapter 6 | Research Updates in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 8

 

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are crucial for various applications that include emergency response and national security. The primary vulnerability of GIS systems lies in their reliance on the integrity of numerous third parties. Such third parties include government bodies at both national and local levels, GIS applications developed by private companies, and notoriously insecure general purpose computers that host GIS data and run GIS applications. Consequently, GIS processes - for collecting, storing, organizing and communicating geographic information - are susceptible to wide a range of malicious attacks and/or uninten-tional bugs. The proposed AGS protocol aims to rectify this vulnerability by obviating the need for trusted third parties. This is achieved through i) the use of Merkle tree proofs for incrementally, and eciently, computing a succinct cryptographic commitment to important geographic data; and ii) permitting updates to GIS data only through well-formed blockchain transactions. In the proposed approach leaves of Merkle hash trees are used to represent line segments forming the boundary of a geographic region and irregular triangular tiles that are guaranteed to tile the entire region. The Merkle trees are constructed incrementally, through transactions executed in a blockchain network. The response to any query regarding a point in the globe is a triangular tile in which the point falls, along with succinct Merkle tree proofs for the correctness of information.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Mahalingam Ramkumar

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mississippi State University, U.S.A.

Prasad Ayyalasomayajulla

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mississippi State University, U.S.A.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rumcs/v8/3462G

Integral Environmental Study "Parana Islands" Ex El Rico Reserve (Santa Fe, Argentina)| Chapter 5 | Current Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 6

 The islands under study are part of the "Islas del Paraná" New National Park, and an interdisciplinary assessment was done in which the historical situation and the present situation were contrasted. This location served as an experimental field for the Province of Santa Fe's Ministry of Agriculture between the 1960s and the 1970s. There, local plants and animals were tested for many years before the area was abandoned and turned into a cow ranch by the settlers. El Rico was included in the 2010 creation of the "Islas de Santa Fe" National Park. El Rico is noteworthy since it is the only island that was thoroughly investigated at the level of vegetation in the 1980s, providing us with precise data. Thirty years of satellite imagery, river height data, and rainfall data were used to compare three sources and create water management plans. Using a Geographic Information System, maps of the water status were created, and trend lines were created to illustrate the problem.

Author(s) Details:

Adrian Oscar Bussolini,
FCEIA - National University of Rosario, Argentina.

Jorge Postma,
FCEIA - National University of Rosario, Argentina.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAGEES-V6/article/view/8262

Geographical Distribution of Spanish Immigration in Rosario | Chapter 4 | Current Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 5

Flows of immigration were crucial to the formation of the Argentine nation. The key one was the Italian and Spanish combination. We looked at the geographical distribution of immigration in Rosario and its correlation with the provinces coming from Spain using the historical records of the Spanish Association of Rosario. We categorised information on age, sex, entering year, employment activity, and other factors.

Author(s) Details:

Adrián Oscar Bussolini,
FCEIA, UNR, Rosario, Argentina.

Benito Miguel Vicioso,
FCEIA, UNR, Rosario, Argentina.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAGEES-V5/article/view/7529

Determining the Extractivism of Pequi Fruits (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.): Optimization of Production and Distribution Logistics | Chapter 4 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 2

 

The pequi extractive activity is quite important in the state of Minas Gerais' northern mesoregion. As a result, the goal of this study was to identify important locations for pequi extraction storage, processing, and distribution units in the region, in order to help improve the pequi chain. To achieve so, a Geographic Information Systems-based mathematical model of Location-Allocation of type uncapacitated p-median was utilised, allowing the execution of a localization-allocation heuristic technique. To do so, we entered the locations of 118 extractive villages of pequi in 22 municipalities in the state of Minas Gerais' northwestern region, 26,407.32km of vectorial characteristics of the region's road system, and 3,711 prospective spots for extractive unit installation into the ArcGIS 10.1 software. The simulations for the installation of five extractivist units were conducted in the municipalities of Lontra, Mirabela, Januária, Japonvar, Chapada Gacha, and Braslia de Minas, with the goal of reducing the time spent displacing between demand points (communities) and facilities (extractive units). It was confirmed that as the number of storage, processing, and distribution units for pequi extractivism increases, the total time of displacement in relation to extractivist communities decreases, lowering transportation costs. The implementation of five extractive units was found to be the most advantageous simulation.

Author (S) Details

Kamilla Nunes Froes
State University of Montes Claros. Montes Claros-MG, Brazil.

Dario Alves de Oliveira
State University of  Montes Claros. Montes Claros-MG, Brazil and Laboratory Bioprospecting and Genetic Resources and Laboratory of Natural Products, State University of Montes Claros, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Vila Mauriceia, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil.

Marcos Esdras Leite
State University of Montes Claros. Montes Claros-MG, Brazil.

Narciso Ferreira dos Santos Neto
State University of Montes Claros. Montes Claros-MG, Brazil.

Vanessa de Andrade Royo
State University of  Montes Claros. Montes Claros-MG, Brazil and Laboratory Bioprospecting and Genetic Resources and Laboratory of Natural Products, State University of Montes Claros, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Vila Mauriceia, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V2/article/view/3710