Mathematical Modelling and Analysis of Malaria Transmission Dynamics among Children under Five with Early and Late Treatment Interventions | Chapter 2 | Mathematics and Computer Science: Research Updates Vol. 7

 

Malaria, a life-threatening disease caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted through the bites of infected Anopheles mosquitoes, poses a persistent public health challenge in Nigeria due to its complex transmission dynamics. Mathematical modeling provides a robust framework to unravel the complexities of malaria transmission, enabling predictions of disease dynamics and evaluation of control measures. This study develops a compartmental SEIIR-SEI model to evaluate the impact of early (λ1) and late (λ2) treatment interventions on malaria transmission among children under 5, aiming to guide effective control strategies. Parameterized with Nigerian malaria case data (2007–2021), the model integrates human and mosquito populations to examine how treatment timing affects the basic reproduction number (R0) and disease prevalence. The methodology encompasses model formulation, assumptions, parameter estimation, analytical methods, and numerical simulations. Using stability analysis, sensitivity analysis, and numerical simulations, we find a baseline R0 = 2.24, indicating endemicity. Early treatment reduces this to R0,λ1 = 1.46, outperforming late treatment (R0,2 = 1.65). Sensitivity analysis highlights mosquito biting rates ((b) and λ1 as key drivers of R0. Simulations show that 60–80% early treatment coverage (λ1 ≥ 0.6) within 24 hours significantly lowers prevalence within 120 days, unlike 100% late treatment (λ2 = 1.0). The disease-free equilibrium is stable when R0 < 1, achievable with high λ1. Rapid diagnosis, Artemisininbased Combination Therapies, and vector control are critical for eradication. Policymakers should enhance healthcare access and surveillance to reduce Nigeria’s malaria burden. These findings provide a rigorous, data-driven foundation for policymakers to optimize malaria control programs, reducing morbidity, mortality, and economic burdens in endemic regions. Future studies should explore fractionalorder models or spatial dynamics to further refine intervention strategies.

 

Author(s) Details

 

D.B. Opaginni
Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Abuja, FCT, Nigeria.

 

M.O. Durojaye
Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Abuja, FCT, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mcsru/v7/6198

The Role of Machine Learning in Modern Modeling | Chapter 6 | Mathematics and Computer Science: Contemporary Developments Vol. 7

This chapter highlights the shift from traditional mathematical modeling, grounded in theoretical principles and differential equations, to data-driven approaches that leverage machine learning and empirical data. While conventional models offer structured frameworks for understanding systems, they can be limited in flexibility and scalability. In contrast, data-driven models uncover patterns from large datasets and handle complex, non-linear systems without relying solely on theoretical assumptions. By integrating machine learning with traditional models, accuracy and adaptability improve significantly. Different machine learning techniques, including supervised and reinforcement learning, extract valuable insights, especially in cases where traditional models falter. Hybrid models combining physics-based approaches with data-driven techniques enhance prediction capabilities, such as in energy consumption forecasts for smart grids. The chapter also addresses challenges like data quality and model transparency, emphasizing how hybrid models improve interpretability and predictive power. Case studies demonstrate the benefits of integrating machine learning with traditional models in enhancing model robustness and accuracy. In summary, the fusion of machine learning and traditional methods creates more reliable models, especially for complex systems where conventional approaches face limitations. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5].

 

Author (s) Details

 

Ghada Awad Elkarim Mohammed Ahmed Ahmed
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Alaqiq 65799, Saudi Arabia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mcscd/v7/2649

Using Geographic Information Systems as a Practical Way of Teaching Mathematics | Chapter 8 | Research and Applications Towards Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 9

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are programs that connect math, science, and social science concepts with many resources for teachers to provide and integrate activities with math and science. This paper reflects on proposals to merge Mathematics and Geography when teaching undergraduates from inter- and trans-disciplinary spatial models using mathematical modeling to enable spatial analysis and visualization through GIS—Geographic Information Systems. Mathematics Education incorporates facts from real-world reality with models that use new geotechnologies. GIS brings forward an approach to Geography with new technologies integrating it with Statistics and Computer Science. Thus, it describes some practical cases that are examples of geographical problems solved mathematically. As an example, a case study about COVID-19 infection in a city is presented. The results show that GIS can be an educational tool for teaching both Geography and Mathematics based on real problems. Integrating this tool enables active and constant participation of the students, which can make them realize the applicability of mathematics in solving real problems related to geographical space, is required by any school committed to education.

Author(s) Details:

Sandro Laudares,
Department of Geography, Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.

João Bosco Laudares,
Department of Geography, Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.

Matheus Pereira Libório,
Department of Geography, Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RATMCS-V9/article/view/13461

Diabetes Detection through Mathematical Modelling Approach | Chapter 11 | Research and Applications Towards Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 5

 The main objective of the current study is had connection with Diabetes disease. Diabetes is a ailment of metabolism whose essential feature is overdone sugar hereditary and urine. In this disease the bulk is unable to clear all it sugar, starches and carbohydrates that leads to serious healing conditions. Second order characteristic equation has existed constructed to describe the accomplishment of BGRS during GTT and answer has been described over here. Interesting point is that the sociological determinants play an important function in the Blood Glucose Regulatory System.

Author(s) Details:

Twinkle Singh,
Department of Mathematics, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RATMCS-V5/article/view/12305

Modern Techniques to Study Biokinetics of Nanoobjects in Living Organisms | Chapter 8 | Research Highlights in Science and Technology Vol. 1

 Strictly, Nanosafety is a field of Biomedicine. However, the plurality of the techniques grown and used for research in Nanosafety is interdisciplinary. Investigation of biokinetics of nanoobjects is an main arm of Nanosafety, which admits to estimate the toxicological load in the tissues of an unprotected organism and anticipate healing effect of the medicine. The present episode reviews various new methods to study the biokinetics of nanoobjects in living organisms. Common patterns of the biokinetics of exogenic wealth in a living organism and the big standard of a toxicological experiment are presented. A ample and inclusive presentation of Atomic Emission Spectrometry; Mass Spectrometry; X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Nuclear Physical Techniques to a degree Neutron Activation Analysis, Radiotracer Technique, In situ Neutron Activation Analysis; Microscopy and the article of their application or in general area of research are given. General mechanics approvals for the experiment planning are planned. The hypothetical approach to study nanoobject biokinetics based on the PBPK-displaying is thought-out. Examples of original studies on the biokinetics of TiO2 and Ag nanoparticles implemented accompanying the use of the deliberate techniques are bestowed. Authors attempted to share their own occurrence of research engaged of Nanosafety.

Author(s) Details:

A. A. Antsiferova,
National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Akademika Kurchatova sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technologies, 9, Institutskii Lane, Moscow Region, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia.

P. K. Kashkarov,
National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Akademika Kurchatova sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technologies, 9, Institutskii Lane, Moscow Region, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia and Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1, GSP-1, Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHST-V1/article/view/10417

Kinetic Behavior of Enzymes Immobilized Membranes in Potentiometric Biosensor: Homotopy Perturbation Method| Chapter 1 | Current Topics on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 6

 

Organophosphorus Hydrolase (OPH) immobilized in a pH-based potentiometric biosensor exhibits non-steady-state behaviour, according to a theoretical model that has been discussed. The model represents the concentration of substrate and hydrolysis products within the membrane and is based on a system of five coupled nonlinear reaction-diffusion equations for enzyme reactions occurring in potentiometric biosensors under non-steady-state conditions.With the help of a novel application of the homotopy perturbation method, new approximate analytical expressions for the substrate concentration (organophosphorus pesticides, or OPs) and products are obtained for all values of the Thiele modulus and buffer concentration. A good agreement is found when the analytical and numerical results are compared. The results apply to the entire solution domain.

Author(s) Details:

Jeganathan Saranya,
Department of Mathematics, Vivekanandha College of Technology for Women, Tiruchengode, Namakkal (Dt), Tamil Nadu, India.

Lakshmanan Rajendran,
Department of Mathematics, Academy of Maritime Education and Training (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India.

Mariappan Uma Maheswari,
Department of Mathematics, V. V. Vanniaperumal College for Women, (Affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University), Virudhunagar, Pin - 625006 Tamil Nadu, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTCB-V6/article/view/8767

A Regional Mathematical Model of the Wind System of the Earth’s Lower Atmosphere: A Non-Hydrostatic Approach| Chapter 10 | Innovations in Science and Technology Vol. 6

 The goal of this paper is to provide a regional mathematical model of the Earth's lower atmosphere wind system that was constructed at the Polar Geophysical Institute. The mathematical model is based on numerical solutions to gas dynamic equations, and it generates three-dimensional distributions of atmospheric parameters in the height range of 0 to 15 km over a small area of the Earth's surface. The mathematical model is non-hydrostatic, meaning that it calculates both the horizontal and vertical components of the neutral wind velocity using a numerical solution of a generalised Navier-Stokes equation for compressible gas, rather than using the hydrostatic equation. There is also a description of an application of the mathematical model. The results of numerical modelling of the early stages of the origin of tropical cyclonic vortex near an intertropical convergence zone are presented.

Author(s) Details:

Igor V. Mingalev,
Polar Geophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academgorodok Str. 26a, Apatity 184209, Murmansk Region, Russia


Konstantin G. Orlov,
Polar Geophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academgorodok Str. 26a, Apatity 184209, Murmansk Region, Russia.


Victor S. Mingalev,
Polar Geophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academgorodok Str. 26a, Apatity 184209, Murmansk Region, Russia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/IST-V6/article/view/6040 

Regression-Tensor Modeling of Multivariate Optimization of Process for Applying Composite Coatings | Chapter 9 | Research Trends and Challenges in Physical Science Vol.8

 In the mathematical modelling of optimal parameters of chemical-technological processes of complicated mechanical products, a universal regression-tensor approach is established. Because one of the main purposes of this essay was to illustrate the geometrical device of multivariate nonlinear regression modelling more clearly, it differs from the typical presentation (with simultaneous reduction of dimension of used pseudo-matrix). A. A multi-factorial method of low-temperature sulfur-chromium plating of precision mechanical parts was used to test the created algorithms.

Author(s) Details:

Vyacheslav Anatolievich Rusanov,
Institute for System Dynamics and Control Theory of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (ISDCT SB RAS), Irkutsk, Russia.


Sergey Viktorovich Agafonov,
Irkutsk State Agricultural Academy (ISAA), Irkutsk, Russia.


Aleksey Vasilyevich Daneev,
Irkutsk State Transport University (ISTU), Irkutsk, Russia.


Ilya Alekseevich Gubanov,
Irkutsk State Transport University (ISTU), Irkutsk, Russia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RTCPS-V8/article/view/6015

The Classic-quantum and Single-multiparticle Viewpoints: Water Drops Kinematic Analysis | Chapter 7 | Novel Perspectives of Engineering Research Vol. 3

 One of the most difficult modeling issues in physics is the difficulty of a particle traversing a gaseous mean. In sprinkler irrigation, this refers to a water droplet traveling from the nozzle to the ground. The difficulty in defining and solving the system of governing equations for such a complex process, where many non-linearities develop when expressing the interactions and dependencies between one significant parameter and another, is the main source of the issue. When a multi-droplet system is considered instead of just a single droplet, the problem becomes even more complicated because, in addition to inter-parameter dependencies, electrical interactions between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms of the different water molecules result in inter-droplet reciprocal affection. A quantum approach has recently been proposed as an alternative to traditional classic approaches to analyze water droplet dynamics in sprinkler irrigation, but the entire classic-quantum and single-droplet versus multi-droplet alternatives must be discussed and pinpointed, which is one of the main goals of the current paper, which focuses on the theoretical part of the issue, thus highlighting new perspectives of a deeper understanding in the spray flow related p

Author(S) Details

Daniele De Wrachien
Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Milan, Italy.

Giulio Lorenzini
Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Parma, Italy.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NPER-V3/article/view/4758

Determining the Extractivism of Pequi Fruits (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.): Optimization of Production and Distribution Logistics | Chapter 4 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 2

 

The pequi extractive activity is quite important in the state of Minas Gerais' northern mesoregion. As a result, the goal of this study was to identify important locations for pequi extraction storage, processing, and distribution units in the region, in order to help improve the pequi chain. To achieve so, a Geographic Information Systems-based mathematical model of Location-Allocation of type uncapacitated p-median was utilised, allowing the execution of a localization-allocation heuristic technique. To do so, we entered the locations of 118 extractive villages of pequi in 22 municipalities in the state of Minas Gerais' northwestern region, 26,407.32km of vectorial characteristics of the region's road system, and 3,711 prospective spots for extractive unit installation into the ArcGIS 10.1 software. The simulations for the installation of five extractivist units were conducted in the municipalities of Lontra, Mirabela, Januária, Japonvar, Chapada Gacha, and Braslia de Minas, with the goal of reducing the time spent displacing between demand points (communities) and facilities (extractive units). It was confirmed that as the number of storage, processing, and distribution units for pequi extractivism increases, the total time of displacement in relation to extractivist communities decreases, lowering transportation costs. The implementation of five extractive units was found to be the most advantageous simulation.

Author (S) Details

Kamilla Nunes Froes
State University of Montes Claros. Montes Claros-MG, Brazil.

Dario Alves de Oliveira
State University of  Montes Claros. Montes Claros-MG, Brazil and Laboratory Bioprospecting and Genetic Resources and Laboratory of Natural Products, State University of Montes Claros, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Vila Mauriceia, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil.

Marcos Esdras Leite
State University of Montes Claros. Montes Claros-MG, Brazil.

Narciso Ferreira dos Santos Neto
State University of Montes Claros. Montes Claros-MG, Brazil.

Vanessa de Andrade Royo
State University of  Montes Claros. Montes Claros-MG, Brazil and Laboratory Bioprospecting and Genetic Resources and Laboratory of Natural Products, State University of Montes Claros, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Vila Mauriceia, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V2/article/view/3710

Initial Formation of Polar Lows in the High-latitude Atmosphere: A Modeling Based Study Approach | Chapter 6 | Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 5

 A regional mathematical model of the lower atmosphere's wind system, built previously at the Polar Geophysical Institute, is used to explore the early stages of the genesis of polar lows at European Arctic latitudes. The mathematical model generates three-dimensional distributions of atmospheric parameters in the height range of 0 to 15 km over a constrained region of the Earth's surface by numerically solving nonsimplified gas dynamic equations. The establishment of a polar low can be triggered by the emergence of a convexity in the arctic front's shape during a one-day period, according to simulation data.

Author (s) Details

Igor V. Mingalev
Polar Geophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academgorodok Str. 26a,  Apatity 184209, Murmansk Region, Russia and Apatity Branch of the Murmansk Arctic State University, Lesnaiy Str. 29, Apatity 184209, Murmansk Region, Russia.

Konstantin G. Orlov
Polar Geophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academgorodok Str. 26a, Apatity 184209, Murmansk Region, Russia.

Victor S. Mingalev
Polar Geophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academgorodok Str. 26a, Apatity 184209, Murmansk Region, Russia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/MAGEES-V5/article/view/2407