The Details of Multi-elemental Analysis and 2D Image Mapping within Roots, Leaves, and Seeds from Oryza glaberrima: Application of the Micro-PIXE Technique | Chapter 3 | Scientific Research, New Technologies and Applications Vol. 7

The Oryza glaberrima Steud (OG) plant was domesticated 3,500 years ago in the inland delta of the upper Niger River in present-day Mali. From there, it spread across all of West Africa and adapted to very different environments from the desert region of Mali to the humid forests of Sierra Leone. Understanding metal accumulation at the organ level in roots, leaves and seeds in O. gla-berrima (OG) is crucial for improving physiological and metabolic aspects in growing Asian and African rice in salted areas. The micro-analytical imaging techniques are required to reveal its accumulation and distribution within plant tissues. The aim of the study is to investigate the metal accumulation at the organ level in roots, leaves, and seeds in African rice by performing 2D elemental image mapping and by determining their elemental composition. PIXE studies were performed to determine different elements in rice plants. The existing microbeam analytical technique at the iThemba LABS applied for the 2D image mapping of fresh rice tissues to perform a concentration of low atomic mass elements (such as Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, Br, Zn and K) with detection limits of typically 1-10µg/g. Comparison of the distribution of the elements between leaves, root and seed samples using uptake and distribution of elements in particular environmental conditions with potential amount of salt in water was done. The results showed that there were significant correlations among most of the mineral element contents. Ca, Al, Si, Cl, K, S, and P contents were significantly correlated with most of the other mineral element contents, while Br, Cu, Zn, Ti, Mn, and Fe content showed significantly negative associations with the S, Cl and Ca contents of rice side leaves. The study also indicated metal exclusion as a salt tolerance strategy from leaves, root, and seed compartments using matrix correlation between samples and between elements on rice species. The study concluded that Micro PIXE analysis has shown the elemental distribution of Cl, Si, and K are localized on the epicuticular surface of the flag leaves, whereas other elements S, Zn, Cu, P, Mn, Ca, and Ti are on the cytoplasm.  

 

Author (s) Details

Alassane Traore
Department de Physique, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal.

 

Anna Ndiaye
Department de Chimie, Faculté Des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal.

 

Christopher Bongani Mtshali
Tandetron laboratory – IBA group iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa.

 

Manneh Baboucarr
Africa Rice Center, St Louis, Senegal.

 

Jean Paul Latyr Faye
Department de Physique, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal.

 

Daouda Mbodj
Africa Rice Center, St Louis, Senegal.

 

Kandiaba Traore
Africa Rice Center, St Louis, Senegal.

 

Tapha Gueye
Africa Rice Center, St Louis, Senegal.

 

Ababacar Sadikhe Ndao
Department de Physique, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/srnta/v7/2477

Modern Techniques to Study Biokinetics of Nanoobjects in Living Organisms | Chapter 8 | Research Highlights in Science and Technology Vol. 1

 Strictly, Nanosafety is a field of Biomedicine. However, the plurality of the techniques grown and used for research in Nanosafety is interdisciplinary. Investigation of biokinetics of nanoobjects is an main arm of Nanosafety, which admits to estimate the toxicological load in the tissues of an unprotected organism and anticipate healing effect of the medicine. The present episode reviews various new methods to study the biokinetics of nanoobjects in living organisms. Common patterns of the biokinetics of exogenic wealth in a living organism and the big standard of a toxicological experiment are presented. A ample and inclusive presentation of Atomic Emission Spectrometry; Mass Spectrometry; X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Nuclear Physical Techniques to a degree Neutron Activation Analysis, Radiotracer Technique, In situ Neutron Activation Analysis; Microscopy and the article of their application or in general area of research are given. General mechanics approvals for the experiment planning are planned. The hypothetical approach to study nanoobject biokinetics based on the PBPK-displaying is thought-out. Examples of original studies on the biokinetics of TiO2 and Ag nanoparticles implemented accompanying the use of the deliberate techniques are bestowed. Authors attempted to share their own occurrence of research engaged of Nanosafety.

Author(s) Details:

A. A. Antsiferova,
National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Akademika Kurchatova sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technologies, 9, Institutskii Lane, Moscow Region, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia.

P. K. Kashkarov,
National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Akademika Kurchatova sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technologies, 9, Institutskii Lane, Moscow Region, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia and Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1, GSP-1, Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHST-V1/article/view/10417

Study on Phytochemical and Elemental Analysis of Acalypha wilkesiana Leaf | Chapter 14 | Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 10

 The goal of this study is to look at the phytochemical and elemental constituents of A. wilkesiana, which was collected in Maiduguri, Nigeria. A large amount of carbohydrates, tannins, and flavonoids were found in A. wilkesiana aqueous leaf extract, as well as a modest amount of phlobatannins and saponins. Terpenes and steroids, as well as alkaloids and cardiac glycosides, are present in small amounts. Anthraquinone derivatives were not discovered. The elemental analysis revealed significant quantities of chloride, sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc, copper, and manganese, but no cadmium or lead.

As a result, it's possible that the aqueous leaf extract of A. wilkesiana contains pharmacologically helpful active principles elements. As a result, the aqueous leaf extract could have a big impact on health and disease.

Author (s) Details

H. A. Madziga
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria.

S. Sanni
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, University of Abuja, Nigeria.

U. K. Sandabe
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CASTR-V10/article/view/2344

Assessment and Estimation of Trace Elements in Azadiracta indica from Mining Area by EDXRF Technique | Chapter 6 | New Insights into Physical Science Vol. 12

 One of the main issues for public health is the effect of mining activities on the environment. Heavy toxic elements such as As, Pb, Cd, and Hg are commonly released during mining. These metals have the ability to accumulate in various organs of the body over time, causing toxicity and negative health effects. The current research uses the EDXRF technique to analyse trace elements in a medicinal plant of Azadiracta indica collected from a mining area. EDXRF is a powerful, non-destructive, multi-elemental, and highly sensitive analytical technique. The elemental concentrations of thirteen elements were calculated, including P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Br, Rb, and Sr. When the findings were compared to the control sample and NIST1515 apple leaves, it was discovered that various elements were present in differing amounts in the same plant from different areas. Azadiracta indica from a coal mining area had high elemental concentrations, which may be due to the fact that coal mining has been linked to increased absorption of heavy toxic elements by soil. The presence of elements in the atmosphere contamination from a mining area plant sample is also revealed by this study's analysis. As a result, we have advised people living in mining areas to exercise extreme caution in their everyday activities, as exposure to heavy metals and hazardous chemical elements from coal mining areas has a negative impact on human health.

Author (s) Details

S. Jyothsna
Department of Physics, Kakatiya University, Warangal, 506001, Telangana, India.

G. Manjula
Department of Physics, Kakatiya University, Warangal, 506001, Telangana, India.

D. Sammaiah
Department of Botany, Govt. Degree College, Mulugu-506343, Telangana, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NIPS-V12/article/view/284