We contacted and notified the local leaders of the research
locations, Daniya Bali, Fundalara, and Gazabubarkeji in the Bali district of
the Bali Local Government in Taraba state. Before the start of the mosquito
sampling in the final week of June 2018, a preliminary survey of the three
villages was done and the verbal consent of the heads of households was
requested.
In the three riverine communities of Daniya Bali, Fundalara,
and Gazabubarkeji between June and December 2018, mosquitoes were collected
using non-residual insecticide-pyrethrum (Spread Sheet Collection). It was
noticed how many persons spent the night in the room. Mosquitoes that were
collected and recently preserved were sorted and morphologically recognised
down to the species level. Extracted from fed and unfed Anopheles gambiae, the
ovaries were swiftly moved to a drop of distilled water on a slide, where they
were quickly checked for tracheal skein and categorised as parous or
nulliparous under high magnification. A biochemical approach was used to
determine the Human Blood Index (HBI) and Plasmodium sporozoite infection of
the fed Anopheles gambiae (ELISA).
Four mosquito species, totaling 614, including Anopheles
gambiae complex 589 (96.0%), Mansonia uniformis 11 (1.8%), Culex
quinquefasciatus 12 (1.9%), and Aedes aegypti 2 (0.3%), were identified
morphologically. With 325 (52.9%) mosquitoes, Fundalara village has the
greatest mosquito population, followed by Gazabubarkeji with 194 (31.6%).
Daniya Bali 95 had the lowest percentage (15.5%). ANOVA revealed a significant
difference (P 0.05) between mosquito abundance and the research locations. The
seasons' prevalence of mosquito catch revealed that there were 509 (82.9%) more
than 105 (17.1%) during the dry season. Female mosquitoes were more prevalent
510 than male mosquitoes 104 collected indoors, according to sex. 191 of the
485 Anopheles gambiae were blood fed, and their HBI was 1, their MBR was 1.93
bites per man per night, their sporozoite rate (SR) was 0.005, and their
infectious biting rate was 0.01. Only during the wet season were the SR and IBR
measured. Additionally, the MBR during the wet season was higher than it was
during the dry season (0.07 bites per man each night). The T-test revealed a
statistically significant variation in mosquito abundance between seasons
(P0.05), but not between MBR, SR, or IBR (P>0.05). 485 mature female
Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes in total were counted. Wet season 413 (85.2%) had
more mosquitoes than dry season 72 (14.8%). During the wet and dry seasons,
respectively, there were 4.13 and 0.81 mosquito densities per human. The
mosquitoes' seasonal numbers varied significantly (P 0.05). Wet season parous
was 0.57, and dry season parous was 0.47. During the rainy and dry seasons,
respectively, the probability of daily survival of mosquito individuals were
0.75 and 0.688, although there was no discernible difference (P > 0.05). In
the rainy and dry seasons, adult mosquitoes had a life expectancy of 8.0 days
and 5.9 days, respectively. This difference was statistically significant (P
0.05). There was no discernible difference between the extrinsic incubation
periods for Plasmodium falciparum throughout the wet and dry seasons
(P>0.05). The likelihood of mosquitoes surviving long enough to transmit
disease increased from 0.02 in the dry season to 0.06 in the wet season. Thus,
despite being small, mosquito vectorial capabilities were significantly larger
during the wet season (1.98 vs. 0.09; P 0.05) than during the dry season
(0.09). Under comparable ecological conditions, it was projected that Anopheles
gambiae could transmit Plasmodium vivax twice as well as it could Plasmodium
falciparum.
These results suggest that the research area is vulnerable
to malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases, with the possibility of greater
transmission during the rainy season.
Due to high rates of everyday survival, the Anopheles
gambiae population in the Bali district was also dominated by old mosquitoes.
This mosquito has a long lifespan in this region, and the favourable climate
for Plasmodium growth results in a high vectorial potential for malaria transmission.
Author (s) Details
Lamidi, Babatunde Tajudeen
Department of Science Laboratory
Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Bali, Taraba state, Nigeria.
Elijah, M. Iganga
Department of Science Laboratory
Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Bali, Taraba state, Nigeria.
Irebanije, J. Francis
Department of Science Laboratory
Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Bali, Taraba state, Nigeria.
Damburam, J. Hussaina
Department of Science Laboratory
Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Bali, Taraba state, Nigeria.
Dahiru, Faiza
Department of Science Laboratory
Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Bali, Taraba state, Nigeria.
Please see the link here:- https://stm.bookpi.org/PDILAMRMTBDTS/issue/view/737
