Age, Sex and Season Related Changes in Growth Hormone and Cortisol Level of Black Bengal Goats during Pre-pubertal Growth Period | Chapter 8 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 7

In present changing climatic conditions, the study of growth dynamics is of great significance as the demand for meat is always increasing due to increasing population. Improvement of functional longevity in goats is becoming highly relevant and is of great economic importance. Hence, determining animal growth and their inter-relationship and correlation with endocrine parameters in different seasons is imperative for determining the genetic potential and adaptation of the black Bengal breed for higher meat production. The goal of the present study was to find out the effect of sex and season on growth hormone and cortisol levels during different periods of pre-pubertal growth in summer and winter-born black Bengal kids of either sex reared under a free-range rearing system. Statistical analysis was done by using the software IBM-SPSS (Version 20.0). The general linear model technique repeated over age, groups and seasons was considered for all parameters under the study. The major finding of this study is that growth hormone was positively correlated (P ≤ 0.01) with growth parameters height, heart girth and linear length during summer and winter seasons. Cortisol was significantly (P ≤ 0.01) higher in the kids born in summer than in winter. Summer-born kids are more susceptible to stress. The levels of growth hormone can be predicted which were positively explained by age irrespective of sex. Due to climatic change, the effects of multiple environmental stressors on prepubertal growth are likely to increase. Hence, it is very critical to identify and protect agro-ecological zone-specific climate-resilient thermo-tolerant animals to sustain livestock production.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Shagufta Perveen
Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kishanganj, Bihar, India.

 

Pradip Kumar Das
Department of Veterinary Physiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v7/3540

Antioxidant Effect of Curcumin on the Body Weight of Male Albino Wistar Rats Exposed to Pyrethroid Based Mosquito Vaporizers Fumes: An Experimental Study | Chapter 11 | Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 5

 

Introduction: Pyrethroid based mosquito vaporisers are commonly used as Personal Protective Measures (PPM) to avoid mosquito-borne diseases. Effective control of mosquito-borne diseases with the use of general public health measures is yet to be achieved in our country, so there is increasing use of PPM like mosquito coils, liquid vaporisers, mats, and insecticide-treated bed nets in the Indian population but data regarding the safety profile of PPM is still scarce. Curcumin is the main biologically active phytochemical component of turmeric. Extensive studies within the last half a century have demonstrated the protective action of curcumin in almost all the disorders of the body. The molecule is known to possess anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-cytotoxic and many other useful properties. The molecule is known to possess neuroprotective properties as well [1].

Aim: To analyse the change in the body weight of male albino wistar rats exposed to pyrethroid based mosquito vaporizers and the protective role of turmeric with withdrawal effect.

Materials and Methods: This was an experimental study on a total of 24 male albino Wistar rats from July 2015 to October 2016. They were randomly divided into groups I, II, III and IV. Each group contained six rats. Group I animals served as control, Group II animals were exposed to mosquito vaporiser, 8 hours/day for six days in a week for 90 days, Group III received the same treatment as group II and thereafter retained for 4 weeks of withdrawal to see the reversal changes and Group IV is exposure along with turmeric administration in a dose of 20mg/kg body weight orally. The data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Comparison of body weight among different groups at different time intervals is done by paired t-test. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered to be significant.

Results: Pyrethroid exposure results in reduced weight gain in exposed group rats. The mean difference in body weight between groups I and II, I and III and I and IV at the end of study was 37.32±24.47gm (p=0.443), 42.02±24.47gm (p=0.343) and 8.29±25.67gm (p=0.988). Weight gain in all the group rats was almost similar till the 8th post-exposure week, after that from the 9th week onwards decremented trend in weight was seen in groups II and III but the group IV rats showed an increasing trend in weight gain.

Conclusion: The assessment suggests that inhalation of pyrethroid based mosquito vaporisers fumes has toxic effects, reflected as reduced weight gain following subchronic exposure and one-month withdrawal is not a sufficient time to overcome the damage induced by pyrethroids. Turmeric shows a protective effect which is reflected in the form of weight gain.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Swati Yadav
Department of Anatomy, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Mau, Ataria, Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Rakesh Kumar Dewan
Department of Anatomy, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Anita Rani
Department of Anatomy, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Jyoti Chopra
Department of Anatomy, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ibs/v5/8519E

Assessing the Relationship between Foot Dimensions and Body Weight among Young Generation of Central India | Chapter 10 | Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 5

The aim of the study is to study the relationship of foot dimensions with body weight. Overweight and obesity are increasing in prevalence. However, despite reports of poor foot health, the influence of obesity and overweight on adult foot morphology has received limited attention. A vital part of forensic inquiry is using scientific methods to identify a human being. The human foot has been examined in many ways by anatomists, forensic scientists, anthropologists, medical professionals, podiatrists, and several other organizations all over the world. People often go barefoot in developing nations like India for a variety of reasons, including spiritual or religious convictions, participation in sociocultural activities, weather conditions, living in rural regions, and socioeconomic considerations. This makes foot impressions for forensic inquiry more significant. The findings of earlier investigations carried out in Central India were inconsequential. Thus, a large sample size and a variety of characteristics were used in this study, which sought to create a database suitable for forensic inquiry. This cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 1000 participants (500 male and 500 female) of ESIC Institute Gulbarga over a period of 14 months. Foot length, foot breadth along with body weight was measured. Mean weight (male) was 58.21 kg and female was 50.14 kg. Statistically significant correlation was observed between body weight and foot dimensions of both sides in both sexes. Correlation coefficient ‘r’ and Linear regression equation was calculated. In both sexes, there was a statistically significant association between body weight and foot measurements on both sides. Forensic investigations and anthropometric studies might benefit from this data.

Author(s) Details:

Sundip H. Charmode,
Department of Anatomy, ESIC Medical College Gulbarga, Ragiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India and Department of Anatomy, AIIMS, Gorakhpur, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ANUMS-V5/article/view/13339

A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study on Diet and Women Fertility | Chapter 16 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 16

The purpose of this study was to see how diet and eating habits affect women's fertility.

Materials and Procedures: This research was carried out in Baghdad's seven distinct institutes and hospitals between January and September 2014. The participants were divided into two groups of 400 adult women ranging in age from 17 to 47 years. In group I, there were 300 fertile women and 100 infertile women. For data collection, a special questionnaire was created and employed.

The infertile and control groups were found to have a substantial difference in weight and body mass index (BMI). The average weights of the infertile and control groups were 73.07 kg and 69.06 kg, respectively, with a mean BMI of 28.83 kg and 26.70 kg for the infertile and control groups, respectively. Infertile women also drank more carbonated beverages, tea, chicken, and fish than the control group, while eating less milk and red meat. In addition, the infertile group consumed less corn oil and olive oil than the control group (5 and 0% vs. 21 and 2%, respectively), but consumed more solid fat and mixed fat (2 and 6 percent vs 0 and 2.7 percent , respectively).

Conclusion: While there are treatments for infertility, their high cost and high frequency of side effects have led researchers to investigate dietary factors that may contribute to infertility. The link between weight, BMI, and infertility was verified in this investigation. Diet was identified as one of the modifiable risk factors that may affect fertility in the current study's selected groups; as a result, it is critical to place a greater emphasis on the role of diet in women's fertility and raise women's awareness of it, as well as suggesting more educational programmes at the primary health care level.

Author (S) Details

Hayder G. Oufi
Department of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq.

Ruaa E. Alabd
Department of Family Medicine, Al-Zawiya Primary Health Care Center, Al-Rusafa Health Directorate, Baghdad, Iraq.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V16/article/view/3802

Research on Lifetime Mohair Production, Reproduction and Income of Angora Goat Ewes | Chapter 2 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 8

 Ewes of Angora goats are required to produce a large amount of fleece and breed frequently during their lives. It is therefore critical to identify high-producing ewes at a young age who will sustain their production levels during their flock's lifetime. Data on early and adult body weight, hair growth, and reproduction were collected on three South African Angora goat producers' flocks from 2000 to 2015 in order to determine the range in production, reproduction, and income of Angora ewes with five or six kidding opportunities in the flock. The relative contributions of hair growth and reproduction to these ewes' earnings were also investigated. Between ewes with 5 or 6 kidding opportunities, there were significant differences in hair quality, reproduction, and income. When compiling lists of top and bottom performing ewes for adult productive traits, it was clear that finding ewes who excelled in all traits would be difficult. In terms of reproduction, top-producing ewes were not top-producing ewes in terms of fleece efficiency. The negative relationship between reproduction and fleece growth was illustrated by the relative sources of income. When the relative sources of income of ewes in the top and bottom income groups were compared, it was apparent that the main difference in total yearly income was due to differences in yearly reproduction income. It was also clear that reproduction income contributed more to total income in ewes in the top 25% of income relative to ewes in the bottom 25% of income. When ewes from the Top 100 Income and Bottom 100 Income lists were compared for early and adult development and reproduction traits, the Top 100 Income ewes outperformed the Bottom 100 Income ewes. The Top 100 Income ewes had higher first parity reproduction, lifetime reproduction, early body weights (from birth to 16 months of age), lower second shearing fleece weight, and higher early fibre diameter than the Bottom 100 Income ewes. The negative relationship between adult ewe reproduction and fleece growth emphasises the importance of not prioritising early fleece weight over reproduction in positive selection pressure. Only young ewes with unacceptably low fleece weights should be culled, and ewes should not be subjected to undue selection pressure on early fibre diameter. Rather than addressing fleece production and traits through ram selection, fleece production and traits should be addressed through ram selection. Early body weight and weight of kids weaned at the first parity should also be considered when selecting young ewes.

Author (s) Details

M. A. Snyman
Grootfontein Agricultural Development Institute, Private Bag X529, Middelburg (EC), 5900, South Africa.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CRAS-V8/article/view/784

Obesity and Endometrial Cancer | Chapter 8 | Innovations in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 4

 

In developed and westernized countries such as the United States, endometrial cancer (EC) is the
most common gynecological cancer with incidence rates being as much as 10 times higher than other
cultures. The majority of women present with postmenopausal and abnormal perimenopausal
bleeding, and almost 75% of these patients are in the early disease stage, yet the death rate has
risen. Also, an unprecedented increase in obesity prevalence rates has occurred. This article reviews
current research as to the relation between endometrial cancer and this disease’s major risk factor of
excess body weight.

Author(s) Details
 
Dr. A. M. Tacón,
Department of Health, Exercise and Sport Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA.

View  Book :-  https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/243