Age, Sex and Season Related Changes in Growth Hormone and Cortisol Level of Black Bengal Goats during Pre-pubertal Growth Period | Chapter 8 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 7

In present changing climatic conditions, the study of growth dynamics is of great significance as the demand for meat is always increasing due to increasing population. Improvement of functional longevity in goats is becoming highly relevant and is of great economic importance. Hence, determining animal growth and their inter-relationship and correlation with endocrine parameters in different seasons is imperative for determining the genetic potential and adaptation of the black Bengal breed for higher meat production. The goal of the present study was to find out the effect of sex and season on growth hormone and cortisol levels during different periods of pre-pubertal growth in summer and winter-born black Bengal kids of either sex reared under a free-range rearing system. Statistical analysis was done by using the software IBM-SPSS (Version 20.0). The general linear model technique repeated over age, groups and seasons was considered for all parameters under the study. The major finding of this study is that growth hormone was positively correlated (P ≤ 0.01) with growth parameters height, heart girth and linear length during summer and winter seasons. Cortisol was significantly (P ≤ 0.01) higher in the kids born in summer than in winter. Summer-born kids are more susceptible to stress. The levels of growth hormone can be predicted which were positively explained by age irrespective of sex. Due to climatic change, the effects of multiple environmental stressors on prepubertal growth are likely to increase. Hence, it is very critical to identify and protect agro-ecological zone-specific climate-resilient thermo-tolerant animals to sustain livestock production.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Shagufta Perveen
Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kishanganj, Bihar, India.

 

Pradip Kumar Das
Department of Veterinary Physiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v7/3540

Bioanalytical Methods for Cortisol Analysis | Chapter 13 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 4

 Cortisol is individual of the steroid hormone often applied as “stress biomarker” used in diagnosis of afflictions or disorder related to raised chronic stress, pituitary-adrenal, and hypothalamic, especially Cushing’s condition and Addison’s disease. It plays an important duty in regulating wide range of physiologic and pathological body process. Measurement of cortisol levels cruel blood, antitoxin or plasma and urine is usually performed in clinical workshops by utilizing various immunoassay methods.Salivary and sweat cortisol have drawn growing attention as they reflect biologically alive cortisol level and involve non-invasive savoring procedure. Whereas, measurement of cortisol in grass provides reliable news as it reflects cortisol level over the earlier period of 3-4 months (similar to glycated red body fluid test), which tells average glucose level over the past 2-3 months. The 11ß-hydroxysteroid hydrogenase-2 (11ß-HSD2) isoenzyme, which interconverts biologically alive cortisol to inactive cortisone, regulates cortisol absorption. Monitoring the cortisol-cortisone ratio is favor as the best indicator for acting people with adrenal ailments. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with crew mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is usually working for the simultaneous calculation of cortisol and cortisone reliably. Studies shown that skilled are no appreciable correlations middle from two points serum, saliva, or excretion cortisol levels and hair cortisol concentration. However, a antitoxin cortisol level comparison betwixt stimulated serum cortisol and salivary or excretion cortisol demonstrated a positive connections.

Author(s) Details:

Syed N. Alvi,
Environmental Health Program, Department of Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V4/article/view/12006

Selective Biosensors and Their Applications | Chapter 5 | Research Highlights in Science and Technology Vol. 7

 There has happened a rather phenomenal development in the field of biosensors with potential uses in a variety of disciplines, containing clinical, incidental, food, security, and military districts. In this manuscript, the analytical traits of a selective variety of biosensors grown previously in our laboratory will be illustrated.

Author(s) Details:

Ahmad A. Suleiman,

Department of Chemistry, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHST-V7/article/view/11399

Discord of Biological and Psychological Measures in a Group of Depressed African American and White Cancer Patients | Chapter 5 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 5

 Objective: This study checked racial distinctnesses in the self-report of depressive symptoms by citation to biological states.Methods: The study secondhand a convenience sample of 20 discouraged cancer inmates (CES-D 16) (15 African Americans and 5 Whites). Subjects completed depression appraisal on a battery of intellectual measures and provided ancestry and saliva samples. Laboratory tests were performed on biomarkers (serotonin, cortisol and IL-6). T-test was computed to test racial dissimilarities on biological and mental measures.Results: Depressed Whites had a significantly higher cortisol level than concave African Americans, but no significant group distinctness was found on some self-reported mental measures of depression. There was a trend that African Americans stated fewer depressing symptoms on cognitive measures but exceeded Whites on the domain of somatization; still, such group distinctnesses did not approach detail of action significance in this place small sample.Conclusion: African Americans did not perform to underreport depression because their biological states, but had a trend to report more somatic symptoms than Whites; this grant permission be attributable to non-concavity diseases or newsgathering behavior rather than bodily sensitivity. African Americans shown more mistrust in the health care order, which keep affect the self-report of depression. There is a noise between organic and psychological measures of cavity. Biomarkers prove to be valuable for evaluating ethnic difference in the self-report of cavity.Implication for Nursing: Nurses should be careful of somatic complaints when determining African American cancer patient’s despair. Establishing trust is essential for an accurate estimate of depression in African American cancer sufferers.

Author(s) Details:

Amy Y. Zhang,
Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-4904, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V5/article/view/9889

Assessment of Certain Summer Management Practices on Cortisol and Physiological Response of Crossbred Calves| Chapter 1 | Newest Updates in Agriculture and Veterinary Science Vol. 1

 The bestowed study on certain summertime management practices on conduct on crossbred calve. To estimated heat stress in assorted calves all the while the summer seasons at bovine animals research station Anand, Anand agricultural academy. During experiment, 18 crossbred shins were divided into two group: control (T1) and white finished roof accompanying applied fogger (T2). The Meteorological dossier were recorded at 7:30 a.m. (dawn), 2:30 p.m. (afternoon) and 7:30 period after 12 noon and before sunset (evening). Microclimate contains ambient hotnesses, Relative humidity, air flow and light force. The found that atmosphere temperature at 2:30 p.m. was considerably lower in T2 Group as compared to control group. Relative dampness at 2:30 p.m. was considerably higher in T2 group as compered toT1 group. The average cortisol level of T1 and T2 group was 9.97 ± 1.285 and 8.43 ± 0.389. Cortisol level and corporal responses erect significantly lower in T2 group as compared to control group.Climatic determinants such as hotness, humidity, moist days and sunshine hours are famous to influence the milk production. Similarly migratory and yearly variations in milk result are mainly on account of difference in the important attributes. There is a need to know nearly relationship of the important attributes with production characteristics in cow It will help to plan managemental from each season. During summer (May-June). The meteorological temperature goes as extreme as 45°C during day occasion and 30°C during midnight and photoperiod extends until 12-14 hours. Dairy animal s are homeotherms and therefore. When the tangible temperature rises or falls unusually, the animals are put to various types of stress resulting from the status of feed and physical surroundings. This assessment to experience effect of summer administration practices on growth performance of mixture calves, feed use and feed efficiency and effect of big-micro environment on calves.

Author(s) Details:

A. L. Nayak,
Department of Livestock Production Management, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujrat, 388110, India.

M. M. Trivedi,
Department of Livestock Production Management, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujrat, 388110, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NUAVS-V1/article/view/8553

Tumor Markers and Cortisol Metabolism in Obesity | Chapter 14 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 10

 Obesity is a medical condition marked by an excess accumulation of body fat and the metabolic syndrome that results. Modulation of metabolic pathways is important in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including obesity. By examining the levels of tumour markers and cortisol (a stress-induced hormone) in obese people, we were able to establish a link between obesity, metabolic stress, and tumour. Thirty-three obese (18 males, 15 females, BMI=34 3.8 Kg/M2) and 37 apparently non-obese (19 males, 18 females, BMI=22 1.4 Kg/M2) people (controls) volunteered to take part in this study. All of the participants were drug-free (i.e., no alcohol, cigarettes, or steroids) and appeared to be healthy adults with no medical issues. Before being accepted into the study, each participant's body weight and height were measured, and the BMI was calculated. Obesity was defined using the body mass index (BMI; Kg/M2), with a BMI greater than 25 Kg/M2 indicating overweight and a BMI greater than 30 Kg/M2 indicating obesity. Using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay methods, the plasma levels of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha fetoprotein (AFP), and cortisol were determined in these subjects. When compared to controls, plasma levels of CA125 and cortisol increased significantly (p0.05), but plasma levels of CEA and AFP did not change significantly (p>0.05). The increased rate of cortisol and CA125 synthesis in obesity could be due to metabolic changes.

Author(s) Details

Moses O. Akiibinu
Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Caleb University Lagos, Nigeria.

Bob O. Soile
Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Caleb University Lagos, Nigeria.

Ajibola M. U. Amzat
Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Caleb University Lagos, Nigeria.

Oyetunji T. Kolawole
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V10/article/view/1125

A Case of ACTH-independent Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia | Chapter 12 | Research Trends and Challenges in Medical Science Vol. 10

 Bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (BMAH) is a rare cause of Cushing syndrome that is marked by an enlarged adrenal gland with numerous nodules that are greater than 10 mm in diameter and can exceed 30-40 mm in diameter. Many recent studies have suggested that hypercortisolism in BMAH is caused by ectopic hormone receptor expression, such as gastric inhibitory polypeptide, vasopressin, or catecholamine, or by overexpression of eutopic receptor on the adrenal glands. BMAH is also affected by multiple somatic gene mutations during embryogenesis and inherited germline mutations, according to genetic studies. A 54-year-old man with Cushing syndrome caused by BMAH and a negative response to an aberrant hormone receptor test is defined. We performed a laparoscopic adrenalectomy on both sides. After the procedure, both leg edoema and serum cortisol levels returned to normal.

Author (s) Details

Seong Min Hong
Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea

Soon Hee Lee
Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RTCMS-V10/article/view/715

Effect of Ginkgo biloba Extract Ingestion on Plasma Total Cortisol Levels during an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Normal Glucose Tolerant Individuals: Recent Study | Chapter 1 | Challenges in Disease and Health Research Vol. 1

Protracted periods of increased cortisol production, as may be seen in acute illness, may lead to transient hyperglycemia. Increasing evidence suggests that cortisol may then mediate insulin resistance and potentially lead to the development of diabetes. Evidence in animal studies also suggests that under conditions of stress Ginkgo biloba extract could reduce plasma cortisol production and so the primary aim of this study was to determine the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract ingestion on plasma cortisol production during an acute period of glucose challenge. Healthy normal glucose tolerant subjects (n=30, (10/20, M/F); age, 45.79.9 years old) completed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study when they ingested Ginkgo biloba extract (120 mg/day as a single dose) or placebo during each 3-month arm. A standard 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was performed at the end of each cycle and blood was collected and used to measure plasma glucose, insulin, c-peptide and cortisol. Fasting plasma cortisol was significantly lower after the Ginkgo biloba cycle than the placebo cycle (9.74.4 vs. 11.85.4 g/dl, respectively; p<0.05). The plasma cortisol area under the curve during the 2-hour test (AUC0-2) was also significantly lower after ingestion of the Ginkgo biloba cycle compared to the placebo (19.27.7 vs. 24.14.9 μg/dl/h, respectively; p<0.001). It is concluded that the ingestion of Ginkgo biloba extract has effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis leading to reduced basal cortisol levels and reduced cortisol production in response to acute hyperglycemic challenge.

Author(s) Details

Dr. George B. Kudolo
Department of Health Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, USA.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/203