Genetic Strategies for Mitigating the Effect of Climate Change on Livestock Genetic Resources | Chapter 12 | Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 10

This study examines the critical role of genetic strategies—such as selective breeding, gene editing, and genomic selection—in mitigating the impacts of climate change on livestock genetic resources. Climate change threatens the livestock industry by increasing heat stress, disease prevalence, and feed scarcity, leading to reduced productivity and genetic erosion. This study also highlights the importance of characterizing animal genetic resources (AnGRs), developing breeding programs focused on resilience traits, and employing advanced genomic tools for improved selection. Additionally, it explores the interplay between indigenous knowledge, genetic diversity conservation, and international collaboration as essential components of sustainable livestock management. Through case studies, it illustrates successful applications of these strategies and proposes policy frameworks that integrate genetic conservation with food security objectives.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Ikram BenSouf
Animal and Food Resources Laboratory (LRAA), National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, 43 Av. Charles Nicolle, Tunis, 1082, University of Carthage, Tunisia.

 

Naceur M’Hamdi
Animal and Food Resources Laboratory (LRAA), National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, 43 Av. Charles Nicolle, Tunis, 1082, University of Carthage, Tunisia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpas/v10/5012

Impact of Heat Stress on the Physiological Responses of Sheep | Chapter 6 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 5

The Madgyal sheep breed is an indigenous breed in the Jat taluka in Sangli District. Abachiwari, Gholeshwar, Kunikonur, Madgyal, Pandozari, Sanamadi and Sonyal are prominent villages having typical Madgyal sheep. This sheep breed derives its name from the Madgyal village in Jat tehsil of Sangli.The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of heat stress on physiological parameters in sheep, Madgyal sheep were exposed to 0,4 and 8 hrs heat of direct sunlight during grazing in 3 different Groups Viz A, B and C. The study was conducted on Day 0, Day 15 and Day 30 of the experiment to observe the effect of different durations of heat exposure on all physiological parameters. The temperature humidity index (THI) values during the experimental period were found to be (76.28+-0.81). Physiological parameters under study were subjected to statistical analysis using IBM SPSS software by applying Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.

The results of the statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference group-wise and day-wise in the Rectal temperature. However, the Respiration Rate, Pulse Rate and Heart Rate in Group wise comparison showed a significant difference (P<0.05) with an increasing trend. In Day wise comparison of Respiratory Rates there was no significant difference on different days in Groups A & B. However, there was a significant difference (P<0.05) in group C on different days with an increasing trend. Pulse Rate and Heart rate Day-wise comparison showed no significant difference at different days in Groups A and C while there was a significant difference at different days in Group B with higher values at Day 15 and Day 30 as compared to at Day 0. Changes in all these physiological parameters can relate to the coping mechanism of Madgyal sheep during heat stress.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Aishvarya R. Jumnake
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Krantisinh Nana Patil College of Veterinary Science, Shirwal District, Satara, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University (MAFSU), Maharashtra, India.

 

Vishwambhar R. Patodkar
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Krantisinh Nana Patil College of Veterinary Science, Shirwal District, Satara, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University (MAFSU), Maharashtra, India.

 

Vikas M. Sardara
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Krantisinh Nana Patil College of Veterinary Science, Shirwal District, Satara, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University (MAFSU), Maharashtra, India.

 

Prajwalini V. Mehere
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Krantisinh Nana Patil College of Veterinary Science, Shirwal District, Satara, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University (MAFSU), Maharashtra, India.

 

Sameer N. Jadhav
Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Krantisinh Nana Patil College of Veterinary Science, Shirwal District, Satara, MAFSU, Maharashtra, India.

 

Sachin S. Pawar
School of Atmospheric Stress Management, ICAR-NIASM, Baramati, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v5/3113

Heat Stress in Dairy Cattle: Detection and Strategies for Effective Management | Chapter 8 | Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 1

 Heat stress questions in dairy herd are rather prevailing in tropical and subtropical regions. Over the last ten of something, however, we have noticed several days and even periods of heat stress in European nations and the United States excessively, affecting both persons and cattle. While in the steamy and subtropical regions buttery farmers grant permission be used to handle such questions more or less adequately, it is undecided that European and American farmers, or their veterinary experts, are sufficiently qualified to diagnose heat stress and to correctly deal with those problems, nor that they believe the negative consequences of heat stress for the creamery cattle, in the way that in the area of absorption in general, and of result, reproduction and health specifically. Especially extreme yielding cows are exposed, due to the raised level of their metabolism. This member presents the occurrence of heat stress, its signs and disease, and major useful management measures to control and for fear that heat stress. These measures can be detached into general measures (a Good Heat Stress Management rule of practice) and farm-specific measures (the request of appropriate cooling and chilling cycles). It is decided that veterinary practitioners can play a solid role as a consultant-coach to laborers for both understanding heat stress and achieving the measures. Finally, ultimate adequate answer to repeated heat stress problems on buttery farms, in terms of asking cooling eras and the necessary supplies, is the tailor-made, individual farm approach.

Author(s) Details:

Jos Noordhuizen,
Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga NSW, Australia and Utrecht UIniversity, Wageningen Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACAS-V1/article/view/12958

Carbohydrate Accumulation in Different Wheat Cultivars for Elevated Temperature| Chapter 2 | Research Highlights in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 8

 Carbohydrate aggregation of three wheat cultivars namely BARI Gom 25, BARI Gom 26 and Pavon 76 on account of terminal heat stress were sown on two hotness regimes viz. normal (23 C in open field) and raised (6 ± 1 C higher equate to open field mean air temperature in polythene chamber) were conceived. Elevated temperatures lowered grain filling opportunity by 5 days in BARI Gom 25 and 26 and by 10 days in Pavon 76. Even though there was a best quantity of soluble carbohydrate in the grain, it was found that grain starch combination was terminated at 25 days after blooming (DAA) in Pavon 76 and appeared 5 days later (30 DAA) in BARI Gom 26. The verdicts show that early failure of sugar change to starch, alternatively a lack of soluble sugar under inflated temperature environments, is responsible for shorter piece filling event and smaller grain intensity in all grain cultivars.

Author(s) Details:

Soyema Khatun,
Crop Physiology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensing, Bangladesh.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHAS-V8/article/view/9258

Determining the Effect of Heat Stress on Chicken Performance, Welfare, and Probable Mitigation Strategies| Chapter 8 | Newest Updates in Agriculture and Veterinary Science Vol. 2

 The poultry industry worldwide provides chicken meat and eggs, one of the most important protein sources among animal foods. The impact of climate change, which increases heat stress and harms the performance and welfare of the chicken, is a problem for the industry. Since chickens can only endure a small range of temperatures when under the effects of heat stress, this environmental stress has posed the greatest challenge to the worldwide poultry business.  Heat stress lowers feed efficiency, body weight, feed intake, and egg production and increases chicken mortality. Severe heat stress hurts feed intake, growth rate, mortality, egg production, hatchability, and other production qualities that contribute to the economic viability of the poultry industry. Heat stress generally stimulates the neuroendocrine system, activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and increasing corticosterone concentrations, influencing metabolism and immunological responses. Some mitigation strategies employed to reduce the impact of heat stress on chickens include modifying the environment by providing adequate ventilation and cooling systems and adjusting their nutrition to help lower the body's metabolic heat output and keep electrolyte levels stable under high-stress, high-temperature circumstances. Dietary plans and feed formulations containing important elements such as selenium, zinc, calcium, vitamin E, vitamin C, vitamin A, electrolytes, essential amino acids, and plant extracts help combat all types of stress in birds and boost their immunity. It is essential to gain a deeper understanding of the interplay between various environmental factors, particularly heat stress, and their subsequent effects on chicken performance, behavior, welfare, and reproduction, as well as the most effective management and nutritional strategies to mitigate the negative effects of various stresses in chickens. This review seeks to provide a complete overview of the effects of heat stress on the performance, welfare, and production of chickens and to analyze the scope and effectiveness of probable mitigation strategies to ameliorate its hazard.

Author(s) Details:

Abdul Rahman Sesay,
Department of Animal Science, Njala University, Njala Campus, Sierra Leone.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NUAVS-V2/article/view/9036

Assessment of Certain Summer Management Practices on Cortisol and Physiological Response of Crossbred Calves| Chapter 1 | Newest Updates in Agriculture and Veterinary Science Vol. 1

 The bestowed study on certain summertime management practices on conduct on crossbred calve. To estimated heat stress in assorted calves all the while the summer seasons at bovine animals research station Anand, Anand agricultural academy. During experiment, 18 crossbred shins were divided into two group: control (T1) and white finished roof accompanying applied fogger (T2). The Meteorological dossier were recorded at 7:30 a.m. (dawn), 2:30 p.m. (afternoon) and 7:30 period after 12 noon and before sunset (evening). Microclimate contains ambient hotnesses, Relative humidity, air flow and light force. The found that atmosphere temperature at 2:30 p.m. was considerably lower in T2 Group as compared to control group. Relative dampness at 2:30 p.m. was considerably higher in T2 group as compered toT1 group. The average cortisol level of T1 and T2 group was 9.97 ± 1.285 and 8.43 ± 0.389. Cortisol level and corporal responses erect significantly lower in T2 group as compared to control group.Climatic determinants such as hotness, humidity, moist days and sunshine hours are famous to influence the milk production. Similarly migratory and yearly variations in milk result are mainly on account of difference in the important attributes. There is a need to know nearly relationship of the important attributes with production characteristics in cow It will help to plan managemental from each season. During summer (May-June). The meteorological temperature goes as extreme as 45°C during day occasion and 30°C during midnight and photoperiod extends until 12-14 hours. Dairy animal s are homeotherms and therefore. When the tangible temperature rises or falls unusually, the animals are put to various types of stress resulting from the status of feed and physical surroundings. This assessment to experience effect of summer administration practices on growth performance of mixture calves, feed use and feed efficiency and effect of big-micro environment on calves.

Author(s) Details:

A. L. Nayak,
Department of Livestock Production Management, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujrat, 388110, India.

M. M. Trivedi,
Department of Livestock Production Management, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujrat, 388110, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NUAVS-V1/article/view/8553

Symptoms of Heat Stress in Farm Animals and Negative Effects on Growth and Milk Production | Chapter 8 | Research Aspects in Agriculture and Veterinary Science Vol. 5

 Air temperatures of 13 to 20°C, wind speeds of 5 to 18 km/hr, relative humidity of 55 to 65 percent, and moderate sunshine are ideal climatic conditions for cattle, buffaloes, sheep goats, rabbits, and poultry, and these elements are connected. The climatic feature is the principal constraint on animal productivity in tropical and subtropical nations. High ambient temperature, intense sun radiation, and high relative humidity characterise Egypt's summer. As a result, farm animals are subjected to extreme climate stress for over six months of the year. As a result of the drastic changes in biological functions caused by heat stress, which include a decrease in feed intake, feed efficiency, and utilisation, disturbances in water, protein, energy, and mineral balances, enzymatic activities, hormonal secretions, and blood metabolites, and impaired productive and reproductive performance, growth, milk production, and reproduction are all reduced by about 50%.

Author(s) Details:
Alsaied Alnaimy Mostafa Habeeb,
Department of Biological Applications, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Radioisotopes Applications Division, Nuclear Research Center, Inshas, Cairo, P.O.13759, Egypt.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAAVS-V5/article/view/5717

Combating Heat Stress for Optimum Profitability in the 21st Century Poultry Farming Systems | Book Publisher International

 

Different approaches to alleviating the negative impact of heat stress predominance that resulted from
the Earth`s surface temperature change have been critically reviewed, with resultant effect on poultry
productivity, health, economy, meat safety and food security, among others. Genetic modifications,
managerial strategies, feeding pattern and technological approaches have undoubtedly exerted
beneficial effects on heat stress predominance in poultry. However, they are limited in production
efficiency as regards the demand of the 21st Century poultry farming systems, because they do not
consider the altered acid-base balance specific to heat-stressed birds. Therefore, it becomes
imperative to adopt a much more homeostatically stable alternative, whose beneficial effect on poultry
health, performance, yield and economic integrity would not be compromised, in attempt to meet the
global animal protein demand of the century. An ideal balance of dietary electrolytes is essential in
poultry rations, especially under high environmental conditions.

Author (s) Details

Ibukun Olukorede Popoola
Agricultural Research and Biometrics Department, Thisavrous Pyrgos Integrated Resources, Nigeria and Alumnus at Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria and Department of Plant Breeding, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/277