Brown Manuring: A Sustainable Strategy for Growth, Physiology, and Yield Improvement in Direct Wet-Seeded Rice | Chapter 10| Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 4

 

Brown manuring has emerged as a promising, eco-friendly strategy to address weed infestation and improve crop productivity in direct wet-seeded rice systems. The present study was conducted during the kharif season of 2024 at the International South Farm, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, to evaluate the influence of brown manuring on crop growth, physiological performance, and yield of rice. A field experiment was laid out in a Randomised Block Design with ten treatments and three replications, involving rice alone and rice in association with dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata) under different management practices.

 

The findings revealed that growth and physiological attributes did not vary significantly among treatments at 30 DAS. However, at 60, 90 DAS and at harvest, the weed-free check (T9) consistently recorded superior plant height, tiller density, no. of leaves, dry matter production, leaf area index, crop growth rate, and relative growth rate. Grain and straw yields were also highest under T9 (6046 and 10801 kg ha-1, respectively), but were statistically on par with T6 (pretilachlor 50% EC at 1.25 L ha-1+ knockdown of dhaincha using 2,4-D 38% EC at 1 kg ha-1 at 30 DAS). In contrast, the unweeded control (T10) produced the lowest growth and yield parameters.

 

This study confirms that combining brown manuring with selective herbicide use effectively suppresses weeds, improves crop vigour through dhaincha residue decomposition, and enhances yield in direct wet-seeded rice. These findings position brown manuring as a promising, sustainable practice for integrated weed and nutrient management in resource-efficient rice systems.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Samyuktha C
Division of Agronomy, School of Agricultural Science, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/asti/v4/6307

 

Impact of Heat Stress on the Physiological Responses of Sheep | Chapter 6 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 5

The Madgyal sheep breed is an indigenous breed in the Jat taluka in Sangli District. Abachiwari, Gholeshwar, Kunikonur, Madgyal, Pandozari, Sanamadi and Sonyal are prominent villages having typical Madgyal sheep. This sheep breed derives its name from the Madgyal village in Jat tehsil of Sangli.The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of heat stress on physiological parameters in sheep, Madgyal sheep were exposed to 0,4 and 8 hrs heat of direct sunlight during grazing in 3 different Groups Viz A, B and C. The study was conducted on Day 0, Day 15 and Day 30 of the experiment to observe the effect of different durations of heat exposure on all physiological parameters. The temperature humidity index (THI) values during the experimental period were found to be (76.28+-0.81). Physiological parameters under study were subjected to statistical analysis using IBM SPSS software by applying Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.

The results of the statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference group-wise and day-wise in the Rectal temperature. However, the Respiration Rate, Pulse Rate and Heart Rate in Group wise comparison showed a significant difference (P<0.05) with an increasing trend. In Day wise comparison of Respiratory Rates there was no significant difference on different days in Groups A & B. However, there was a significant difference (P<0.05) in group C on different days with an increasing trend. Pulse Rate and Heart rate Day-wise comparison showed no significant difference at different days in Groups A and C while there was a significant difference at different days in Group B with higher values at Day 15 and Day 30 as compared to at Day 0. Changes in all these physiological parameters can relate to the coping mechanism of Madgyal sheep during heat stress.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Aishvarya R. Jumnake
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Krantisinh Nana Patil College of Veterinary Science, Shirwal District, Satara, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University (MAFSU), Maharashtra, India.

 

Vishwambhar R. Patodkar
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Krantisinh Nana Patil College of Veterinary Science, Shirwal District, Satara, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University (MAFSU), Maharashtra, India.

 

Vikas M. Sardara
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Krantisinh Nana Patil College of Veterinary Science, Shirwal District, Satara, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University (MAFSU), Maharashtra, India.

 

Prajwalini V. Mehere
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Krantisinh Nana Patil College of Veterinary Science, Shirwal District, Satara, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University (MAFSU), Maharashtra, India.

 

Sameer N. Jadhav
Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Krantisinh Nana Patil College of Veterinary Science, Shirwal District, Satara, MAFSU, Maharashtra, India.

 

Sachin S. Pawar
School of Atmospheric Stress Management, ICAR-NIASM, Baramati, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v5/3113

Comparative Analysis of the Agro-physiological Advantages of Upward and Downward Tapping in Different Rubber Clones of Hevea brasiliensis in Southwest Côte d'Ivoire | Chapter 4 | Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 9

 

The study examined the benefits of upward tapping over downward tapping for agro-physiological reasons in rubber clones GT 1 and PB 260 in Southwest Côte d'Ivoire. It was discovered that, in comparison to downward tapping, upward tapping increased rubber productivity by 35% for GT 1 and 37% for PB 260 clones. Regardless of the tapping direction, the examination of physiological parameters revealed that both clones had high dry rubber contents, indicating efficient latex regeneration during tapping. Regardless of the clone and tapping mechanism, the study also discovered that the physiological profiles of the trees and the dryness of the tapping panel were in good balance. The downward tapping on the virgin bark of the lower panel (BO) is immediately followed by the upward tapping on the virgin bark of the upper panel (HO), consecutively. To determine the agro-physiological advantages of one tapping over another, a study of the downward and upward tapping of the GT 1 and PB 260 clones of Hevea brasiliensis was carried out in southwestern Côte d'Ivoire. For this purpose, the rubber trees were tapped in a downward half-spiral (S/2) at the opening for nine consecutive years, followed by upward quarter-spiral tapping (S/4U) for four consecutive years. The agronomic parameters (rubber production and vegetative growth), tapping panel dryness and the latex micro-diagnosis, were evaluated. For the GT 1 clone, the transition from the downward tapping panels to the upward tapping panels resulted rubber productivity gain of 35%. Meanwhile for PB 260, rubber productivity gain was 37%. The isodiametric development of the tree trunk was found to decrease with increasing rubber production of a corresponding tapping panel, regardless of the clone and tapping direction. The combination of latex harvesting technologies and clones had no effect on the physiological profile of the trees or the dryness of the tapping panel. In summary, upward tapping yields higher productivity than downward tapping; nonetheless, the clone determines how much more rubber may be produced.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

A. P. Moro
Nangui Abrogoua University, UFR of Natural Sciences, Laboratory of Biology and Improvement of Plant Production, BP 801 Abidjan 02, Ivory Coast.

 

B. Y. C. Adou
National Center for Agronomic Research (CNRA), Plant Agrophysiology Laboratory, Hevea Program, Bimbresso Station, 01 BP 1536 Abidjan, Ivory Coast.

 

M. Diarrassouba
Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Abidjan, Plant Physiology, 08 BP 10 Abidjan 08, Ivory Coast.

 

D. Konan
National Center for Agronomic Research (CNRA), Plant Agrophysiology Laboratory, Hevea Program, Bimbresso Station, 01 BP 1536 Abidjan, Ivory Coast.

 

E. F. Soumahin
Jean Lorougnon Guédé University, UFR Agroforestry, Plant Physiology and Pathology Laboratory, BP 150 Daloa, Ivory Coast.

 

T. H. Kouakou
Nangui Abrogoua University, UFR of Natural Sciences, Laboratory of Biology and Improvement of Plant Production, BP 801 Abidjan 02, Ivory Coast.

 

S. Obouayeba
National Center for Agronomic Research (CNRA), Plant Agrophysiology Laboratory, Hevea Program, Bimbresso Station, 01 BP 1536 Abidjan, Ivory Coast.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/racas/v9/134

Analyzing the Effects of Anthropometry Variations on Physiological Parameters of Heart Rate, Oxygen Consumption, Anaerobic Power While Performing Manual Operation at Fixed Vice Height | Chapter 5 | Recent Developments in Engineering Research Vol. 6

 This research investigated the effect of the standing-workstation fixed height on various individuals with different measurements of anthropometry. Measurements of certain anthropometric and physiological parameters are carried out as the basis for the measurement of the body mass index ( BMI) and the determination of the maximum heart rate (HRmax) and aerobic capacity (VO2max) of the individual subject when conducting manual hacksaw cutting operations at a fixed height of 940 mm. Twenty subjects (S1 to S20) split the 2 mm thick 25 mm x 25 mm square tubing. In order to determine their expended energy (EE) and oxygen consumption rate (VO2), each subject carried out the cutting operation in 5 replicates and their physiological parameters during activities are measured. Bad design / layout of manually operated tools / equipment and their long-term use can lead to a lot of energy input with less work updating, causing early hand exhaustion and musculoskeletal condition linked to various hands and arms. The findings showed that

Subject S4 has a BMI of 20.76 kg / m2 and a maximum cutting rate of 5.33 stroke / s, while subject S8 has a minimum cutting rate of 0.92 stroke / s with a BMI of 23.39 kg / m2. The interaction between BMI, EE and Cutting Rate, with F = 827.54, P = 0.000, R2 = 0.967 and S = 1.749 units, was statistically important. VO2 (28.54 l / min) and VO2max (24.36 ml / min / kg), with the maximum EE value (2.94 kcal / min), were found in topic S11. The wear rates of 1.86 teeth / s and 9.55 teeth / s have the same energy cost (EE = 0.87 kcal / min), but 36.65 s (S18) and 10.89 s (S20) respectively have different cutting times. This may clarify in part that the excess of 25.76 s used by subject S18 during operation time is responsible for keeping approximately 7.7 teeth intact with regard to the instrument. Administration. In the one-way study of variance, EE and Tool Wear Rate were statistically significant at 0.05 level (F = 45.87, P = 0.000, R2 = 54.69 percent and S = 1.617 units). The key contribution of this investigative study is that it serves as an eye opener to the dangerous impact on manual hack-sawing users of fixed-vice height, which many do not note. As the scope of the work did not address the field, areas of biomechanics need more attention to detailed knowledge.

Author (s) Details

Prof. Olusegun Gabriel Akanbi
Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Engr. Bukola Olanrewaju Afolabi
Department of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering, Federal College of Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Omowumi Adegboye
Department of General Studies, Federal College of Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/285