Phenotypic Variability and Stability of Okra Accessions Using Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability Descriptors |Chapter 5 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 10

 

Background: Okra is a vegetable of major nutritional and economic importance in tropical and subtropical regions. In Benin, its production remains limited by disease and pest pressure and the lack of high-performing varieties. Genetic improvement of okra is emerging as a strategic solution. Morphological characterisation based on qualitative traits of crops is a very crucial and essential first step in any crop improvement and breeding programme.

 

Study Aim: This study aims to assess agro-morphological traits of five varieties (TZSMN86, AVOK1501, AVOK1505, AVOK1502 and C101), as part of the requirements for their inclusion in the Beninese Catalogue of Plant Species and Varieties (CaBEV).

 

Methodology: Field trials were conducted using a Fisher Block design with five treatments and four replicates. Sowing was carried out on September 12, 2023, and April 19, 2024, for the first and second cycles, respectively. Qualitative and quantitative morphological data were collected from 20 plants per variety following the guidelines of the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). The criteria of Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability (DUS) were assessed over two cycles of on-station trials. Agreement between qualitative parameter classifications across production seasons was assessed using Cohen's Kappa coefficient, while phenological and agro-morphological data were analysed using generalised linear and linear mixed-effect models, followed by Tukey's post hoc tests for mean comparisons, in R (v4.3.0) with variety and season as fixed factors and block as a random factor.

 

Results: Findings revealed that several qualitative traits were uniform, while significant differences (P < 0.05) were noted in leaf blade colour and fruit shape. Quantitative data indicate significant variability between genotypes across seasons. Total fruit yield (including both commercial and non-commercial fruits) did not show any significant difference between cycles (P = 1). Ascending hierarchical clustering (AHC) grouped the varieties into three distinct clusters. Accessions AVOK1502 and AVOK1505 also showed good stability across seasons.

 

Conclusion: These results provide a scientific basis for the approval and registration of high-performing okra varieties (TZSMN86, AVOK1501, AVOK1505, AVOK1502 and C101) in the national variety catalogue. Directed crosses between the best-performing accessions, such as AVOK1502 and AVOK1505, could be considered with the aim of creating new hybrid varieties with improved characteristics.

 

 

Author(s) Details

A. C. G. Mensah
Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin (INRAB), Centre de Recherches Agricoles en Horticulture (CRA-H), Programme de Recherches sur les Cultures Maraîchères, 01 BP 884, Cotonou 01, Bénin.

 

A. B. B. Kouderin
Unité de Recherche Horticole et Aménagement des Espaces Verts, Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales, Horticoles et Forestières, Ecole d’Horticulture et d’Aménagement des Espaces Verts, Université Nationale d’Agriculture, BP 43 Kétou, Bénin.

 

W. T. Koura
Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin (INRAB), Centre de Recherches Agricoles en Horticulture (CRA-H), Programme de Recherches sur les Cultures Maraîchères, 01 BP 884, Cotonou 01, Bénin.

 

M. Sikirou
Unité de Recherche Horticole et Aménagement des Espaces Verts, Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales, Horticoles et Forestières, Ecole d’Horticulture et d’Aménagement des Espaces Verts, Université Nationale d’Agriculture, BP 43 Kétou, Bénin.

 

D. A. J. Azagba
Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin (INRAB), Centre de Recherches Agricoles en Horticulture (CRA-H), Programme de Recherches sur les Cultures Maraîchères, 01 BP 884, Cotonou 01, Bénin.

 

F. Yalinkpon
Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d’Estimations Forestières, École Doctorale des Sciences Agronomiques et de l'Eau (EDSAE), Université d'Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Bénin.

 

M. Zandjanankou-Tachin
Unité de Recherche Horticole et Aménagement des Espaces Verts, Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales, Horticoles et Forestières, Ecole d’Horticulture et d’Aménagement des Espaces Verts, Université Nationale d’Agriculture, BP 43 Kétou, Bénin.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v10/7169

Diagnosis of Soil Limiting Factors for Cocoa Trees in Southern Côte d'Ivoire: Approaches for Optimising Production in Azaguié | Chapter 9 | Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 6

 

Cocoa is the essential raw material for chocolate production and provides several health benefits. Regular consumption of Cocoa has been shown to improve mood, prevent blood clots, premature cell ageing and the development of cancer in the human body. In recent years, cocoa yields in southern Côte d'Ivoire have stagnated or declined, highlighting the need to identify factors limiting production. This study aimed to identify the key soil characteristics that limit cocoa yields in Azaguié, with a view to improving production. The study was conducted in a field of Azaguié cocoa trees (5° 37’29" N, 4° 09’ 01" W) in southern Côte d'Ivoire. In a cocoa plantation, a topographic sequence (oriented N45° - L: 200 m) comprising a summit, upper slope, middle slope and lower slope was selected for the study. On each topographical segment, pseudo soil pits were dug at the foot of the cocoa trees (1 metre from the trunk). Soil samples from depths of 0–30 cm were taken and sent to the laboratory for physical and chemical analysis. The average values of the soil parameters for the topographical segments were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The pH levels range between 5.2 and 5.8, indicating highly acidic soils at the top and acidic soils at the bottom of the slope. Good potassium levels (K+: 0.3–0.6 cmol.kg-1) and moderate calcium levels (Ca2+ : 2.3–2.9 cmol.kg-1) were noted, compared with very low magnesium concentrations. Except for the soils at the summit, which have unacceptable phosphorus levels (P: 29.7 mg.kg-1), the soils at the top, middle and bottom of the slope are depleted in P, organic matter (OM) and nitrogen (N). The attachment sites for exchangeable bases on the ground at the bottom of slopes are moderately occupied (V: 27%). The addition of lime and organic matter in the form of well-decomposed compost is recommended to improve cocoa tree yields. This study was necessary as it highlighted certain chemical parameters of the soil that are linked to the suboptimal yields of cocoa trees. However, the physical characteristics of the soil in the study area still need to be evaluated in future studies.

 

Author(s) Details

BOUADOU Oi Bouadou Félix
UFR Earth Sciences and Mining Resources (STRM), University of Félix Houphouët- Boigny (UFHB), 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d'Ivoire.

 

TANOH Adjoua Germaine
Soil, Water and Geomaterials Sciences Laboratory (LSSEG), University of Félix Houphouët- Boigny (UFHB), 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d'Ivoire.

 

BONGOUA Affi Jeanne Epouse DEVISME
Soil Science and Sustainable Agriculture (PAD), University of Félix Houphouët- Boigny (UFHB), 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d'Ivoire.

 

ETTIEN Djetchi Jean Baptiste
Soil Science and Sustainable Agriculture (PAD), University of Félix Houphouët- Boigny (UFHB), 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d'Ivoire.

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/asti/v6/6783

Assessment of Yield-Contributing Traits and Nutrient Content in Kodo Millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.) | Chapter 5 | Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 5

 

Kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.) is an underutilised small-grained cereal valued for its resilience to stress and rich nutritional profile. The present investigation aimed to evaluate the per se performance of thirty kodo millet genotypes at both morphological and quality levels to identify promising lines for yield improvement and nutritional enhancement. The experiment was conducted during kharif 2019 at the Hill Millet Research Station, Navsari Agricultural University, Waghai (Gujarat, India), using a randomised block design with three replications. Genotypes were assessed for thirteen quantitative traits, including earliness parameters (days to 50% flowering and maturity), plant height, tillers per plant, grains per panicle, panicle length, grain yield, straw yield, 1000-seed weight, and four quality attributes (protein, fat, calcium, and iron content).

 

Results revealed significant variability among genotypes, indicating ample scope for selection and genetic improvement. Earliness ranged from 71 to 83 days for 50% flowering, with DK-156 and DK-170 identified as the earliest maturing lines. Grain yield per plant varied from 10.56 g (DK-159) to 22.77 g (DK-164), with six genotypes surpassing the general mean. DK-164, DK-152, and DK-157 consistently recorded superior mean performance for yield-related traits, while DK-161 excelled in 1000-seed weight and protein content (9.75%). Considerable variation was observed for nutrient quality, with fat content ranging between 0.85% (TNAU-86) and 3.92% (DK-166). Calcium concentration spanned from 22.33 mg/100 g (DK-168, DK-171) to 41.33 mg/100 g (GPU-K-3), and iron content ranged from 1.35 mg/100 g (GK-2) to 9.39 mg/100 g (DK-141). Notably, DK-156 combined earliness with higher calcium and iron content, highlighting its utility in breeding for biofortified short-duration varieties.

 

Overall, genotypes DK-164, DK-152, and DK-157 were identified as elite candidates for yield enhancement with good nutritional quality, while DK-161 and DK-156 emerged as promising sources for nutritional enrichment. The observed wide genetic variability underscores the potential of these genotypes as donors in breeding programs aimed at developing high-yielding, nutritionally superior, and climate-resilient kodo millet varieties.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Sunil S. Patil
College of Agriculture, Navsari Agriculture University, Bharuch-392012 (Gujarat), India.

 

Prashant P. Patil
Goa College of Agriculture, Goa-403402, India.

 

Rishi K. Kalaria
ASPEE Shakilam Biotechnology Institute, Navsari Agriculture University, Surat-395007 (Gujarat), India.

 

B. A. Chaudhari
Cotton Research Substation, Navsari Agriculture University, Achhalia-393120 (Gujarat), India.

 

M. K. Gamit
N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agriculture University, Navsari-396450 (Gujarat), India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/asti/v5/6479

Evaluating Mechanical Weeding as a Sustainable Technique for Weed Management in Aerobic Rice Systems in South Gujarat | Chapter 13| Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 4

The experiment entitled Weed management in aerobic rice cultivation in South Gujarat, India was conducted during the kharif seasons of 2020-2022 at the Main Rice Research Centre, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat. The experiment was carried out with the goal to provide an efficient, environmentally friendly method and substantially reduce the cost of weed control for rice production. The different ten weed management treatments, viz. mulching with paddy straw @ 5 t/ha at the time of sowing; mulching (paddy straw @ 5 t/ha) at the time of sowing + bispyribac sodium 10 % SC, 10 ml/10 lit water at 20 days after sowing (DAS); mechanical weeding using weeder; chemical weed control (pre-pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg a.i./ha at 2-3 DAS and post- bispyribac sodium 10 % SC, at 20 DAS); mechanical weeding + bispyribac sodium 10 % SC, at 20 DAS; pre emergence herbicide (pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg a.i./ha) followed by one mechanical weeding at maximum tillering stage of crop; Intercropping in rice with sesbania (incorporation after 1 to 1.5 month of sowing); raised bed system of cultivation with application of bispyribac-sodium @ 200-250 ml/ha at 2-3 leaf stage of weeds at 20-25 DAS; weed free and weedy check were evaluated under randomized block design with three replications. The results revealed that total weed density-grasses, sedges and broad-leaved weed and dry weed biomass was affected by different weed management practices as compared to unweeded practices. Broad-leaved weeds were the top ranking weed types with the highest degree of weed infestation compared to grasses and sedge types of weeds. Total weed density and dry weed biomass were significantly lower with mechanical weed management practices than the unweeded check, which was heavily infested with weeds. The higher weed control efficiency of 61.49 and 43.97 (%) was recorded with weed-free and mechanical weeding practice as compared to the rest of the weed management treatments. Weed index (7.88) was also found to be lower with mechanical weeding practices. Yield attributes like number of panicle (per m2), panicle weight (gm); grain and straw yield (kg/ha) of rice were recorded significantly higher with weed-free and mechanical weeding practice and found equally effective. Looking at the economics, further mechanical weeding practice was found with a higher net return and benefit cost ratio. Thus, among different weed management practices, the mechanical weeding method was capable of avoiding the use of herbicides without any losses in weed control efficacy and yield. Further, this method found to be sustainable, efficient, non-chemical and eco-friendly in the aerobic system for rice production in South Gujarat.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Darpana Patel
Main Rice Research Centre, Soil and Water Management Research Unit, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India.

 

M. R. Gami
Main Rice Research Centre, Soil and Water Management Research Unit, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India.

 

P. B. Pate
N.M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/asti/v4/6313

 

Intercropping and Organic Nutrient Management Effects on Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) Yield in South Gujarat, India | Chapter 12 | Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 4

 

Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Mill sp.) is an important food legume of the semi-arid tropics of Asia and Africa. It occupies a prominent place in Indian rainfed agriculture. Enhancing the productivity of the crop assumes specific significance in India, mainly to combat protein malnutrition, as it is the main source of protein to the predominant vegetarian population. During recent times, organic agriculture has emerged as an economically viable option of farming because of the growing demand for organic products worldwide. This study was conducted to study the effect of intercropping system and nutrient management through organic sources on yield attributes and yield of pigeonpea crop (Cajanus cajan L.) under south Gujarat conditions. An experiment was conducted for two consecutive years at Rambhas Farm, Hill Millet Research Station, Navsari Agricultural University, Waghai, Dangs, Gujarat, during kharif season of 2022-23 and 2023-24.  The experiment was laid out in randomised block design with factorial concept having two factors with twenty-four treatment combinations and three replications. Yield attributes, viz., number of pods per plant, pod length and number of seeds per pod of pigeonpea were recorded significantly higher under treatment I4 (sole pigeonpea) during both years and in pooled analysis, which was at par with treatment I3 (pigeonpea + drilled paddy). Significantly higher seed yield and stalk yield of pigeonpea were recorded in sole pigeonpea (I4) during both years of study and in pooled analysis. The higher stalk yield under sole pigeonpea might be due to lack of competition because of intercrops, as the plants have to face neither nutrient nor moisture stress conditions in sole cropping, which reflects in improvement of growth and yield attributes of pigeonpea crop and finally in terms of stalk yield. Significantly higher number of pods per plant, pod length and number of seeds per pod, seed yield and stalk yield of pigeonpea were noted with application of 10 t/ha FYM + Three spray of 2 % Enrich banana pseudostem sap (N4) which remained statistically at par with treatment N6 (5 t/ha vermicompost + Three spray of 2 % Enrich banana pseudostem sap) and N1 (10 t/ha FYM) during both the years and in pooled analysis. From the findings, it can be concluded that Drilled paddy or little millet as an intercrop in kharif pigeonpea at a 1:2 row proportion is found more feasible for higher yield and profit than finger millet under south Gujarat conditions. Additionally, the application of farmyard manure along with multiple sprays of enriched banana pseudostem sap to the pigeonpea–nutri-cereal intercropping system (1:2 row ratio) can enhance profitability and yield

 

Author(s) Details

J. M. Kokani
Department of Agronomy, COA, N.A.U, Waghai, Gujarat, India.

 

V. M. Patel
Department of Agronomy, COA, N.A.U, Waghai, Gujarat, India

 

P. Waghmare
Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, Maharashtra, India.

 

R. R. Pisal
Department of Agronomy, N.M.C.A, N.A.U, Navsari, Gujarat, India.

 

D.M. Chaudhari
Department of Agronomy, ACH, N.A.U, Navsari, Gujarat, India.

 

K. N. Rana
Department of Agronomy, COA, N.A.U, Bharuch, Gujarat, India.

 

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/asti/v4/6285

Brown Manuring: A Sustainable Strategy for Growth, Physiology, and Yield Improvement in Direct Wet-Seeded Rice | Chapter 10| Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 4

 

Brown manuring has emerged as a promising, eco-friendly strategy to address weed infestation and improve crop productivity in direct wet-seeded rice systems. The present study was conducted during the kharif season of 2024 at the International South Farm, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, to evaluate the influence of brown manuring on crop growth, physiological performance, and yield of rice. A field experiment was laid out in a Randomised Block Design with ten treatments and three replications, involving rice alone and rice in association with dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata) under different management practices.

 

The findings revealed that growth and physiological attributes did not vary significantly among treatments at 30 DAS. However, at 60, 90 DAS and at harvest, the weed-free check (T9) consistently recorded superior plant height, tiller density, no. of leaves, dry matter production, leaf area index, crop growth rate, and relative growth rate. Grain and straw yields were also highest under T9 (6046 and 10801 kg ha-1, respectively), but were statistically on par with T6 (pretilachlor 50% EC at 1.25 L ha-1+ knockdown of dhaincha using 2,4-D 38% EC at 1 kg ha-1 at 30 DAS). In contrast, the unweeded control (T10) produced the lowest growth and yield parameters.

 

This study confirms that combining brown manuring with selective herbicide use effectively suppresses weeds, improves crop vigour through dhaincha residue decomposition, and enhances yield in direct wet-seeded rice. These findings position brown manuring as a promising, sustainable practice for integrated weed and nutrient management in resource-efficient rice systems.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Samyuktha C
Division of Agronomy, School of Agricultural Science, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/asti/v4/6307

 

Performance Analysis of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) under Varied Farming Managements in Marginal Uplands |Chapter 6 | Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 4

 

This study investigates the performance of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) under different farming management practices in marginal uplands. The results revealed that microbial-enriched organic fertiliser did not match the efficacy of inorganic fertilisers in enhancing sweet pepper yield and yield components. Specifically, Inorganic fertilizer significantly improved sweet pepper yield at 6,880.74 kg ha-1 (P<0.01). Additionally, cost and return analysis revealed that goat manure yielded the highest Return on Investment (ROI) at 860.79, followed closely by goat manure + IMO 3 with an ROI of 774.18. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing farming practices to enhance sweet pepper production in marginal uplands while considering economic viability.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Jeffrey P. Villaver
J.H. Cerilles State College – Dumingag Campus, Dumingag, Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/asti/v4/6103

Evaluation of the Resistance of Five Tomato Varieties to Bacterial Wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) under the Agro-climatic Conditions of Katibougou | Chapter 8 | Microbiology and Biotechnology Research: An Overview Vol. 4

 

The objective of this research is to contribute to the improvement of tomato productivity in Mali. Tomatoes remain one of the most widely grown vegetable crops in the world. It is the most consumed vegetable in the world after potatoes. However, its production faces enormous difficulties such as the extreme poverty of the soil, the low technicality of the producers, the high pest pressure and the scarcity of high-performance varieties. Of these, bacterial wilt is an important factor, as it causes a huge loss of production on average if left unchecked. A study was carried out on the evaluation of the resistance of five varieties of tomato (Anaya, Raja, Tingal, Mona and Petomek) to bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) in the agro-climatic conditions of Katibougou. The experimental device used was the Fisher block with three (03) repetitions to five (05) treatments. The analysis of biometric observations shows that the Raja variety had the largest diameter at the collar with 12.13 cm at the 60th day after transplanting, the highest number of leaves at 40.1, it also gave the highest number of branches with 9.8 and also the greatest height of the plants with 82.5 cm. Regarding the incidence of bacterial wilt, the Petomek variety (T5) had the highest percentage with 73%, followed by the Anaya variety (T1) which had 70%. As for the severity, a total of three (03) observations were made, the analysis of variance showed a significant difference between the levels of variation, the Petomek variety (T5) had the highest score with 85.9%, followed by the Anaya variety (T1) which recorded 84.4% and finally the Tingal (T3) and Mona (T4) varieties had the lowest scores 24.4%. In terms of yield, the Tingal variety had the best yield with 45.83 t/ha, followed by the Mona variety with 39.46 t/ha. Finally, the Anaya and Petomek treatments gave the lowest yields with 21.66 t/ha and 20.55 t/ha, respectively.

 

Author(s) Details

Fodé KEITA
Rural Polytechnic Institute for Training and Applied Research (IPR/IFRA) of Katibougou, Department of Studies and Research (DER) of Agricultural Sciences and Techniques (STA), Plant Protection Unit, BP 06, Koulikoro, Mali.

Michel KARPUKHIN
Department of Agricultural Sciences, Vice-Rector for Research and Innovation at the Ural State Agrarian University, Yekaterinburg, Russia.

 

Bakary SAGARA
Rural Polytechnic Institute for Training and Applied Research (IPR/IFRA) of Katibougou, Department of Studies and Research (DER) of Agricultural Sciences and Techniques (STA), Plant Protection Unit, BP 06, Koulikoro, Mali.

 

Mahamoudou TRAORE
Rural Polytechnic Institute for Training and Applied Research (IPR/IFRA) of Katibougou, Department of Studies and Research (DER) of Agricultural Sciences and Techniques (STA), Plant Protection Unit, BP 06, Koulikoro, Mali.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mbrao/v4/5404

Drip Irrigation Configurations for Rice: A Study on Yield and Economic Returns | Chapter 8 | Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 3

 

The study was conducted to address the issue of water scarcity and enhance the water use efficiency in rice cultivation through advanced methods of irrigation. The effectiveness of drip irrigation systems and the potential for increased productivity and water use efficiency are determined by the selection of dripper spacing, dripper discharge rate, suitable crop variety, and crop geometry. The study found that using a 90 cm lateral spacing and 60 cm dripper spacing with a 4 lph discharge rate is optimal for rice cultivation in direct-seeded raised beds with a medium-duration variety. This setup, with a spacing of 20x40x10 cm (paired row), resulted in a higher grain yield of 7075 kg ha-1, a net return of Rs. 82526/ha, a benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of 2.76, and a water use efficiency of 7.69 kg/ha-mm during the rabi season. Direct seeding in raised beds with a medium-duration variety spaced at 20x40x10 cm, combined with other agronomic practices, is the most effective method for achieving higher yield parameters, increased yield, greater net return, and improved water use efficiency and water productivity in drip-irrigated rice cultivation during the Samba (Rabi) season.

 

Author(s) Details

S. Vallal Kannan
Coastal Saline Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Ramanathapuram -623536, India.

 

V, Ravikumar
Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, TNAU, Coimbatore-03, India.

 

Sangeetha Jebalin V. V.
Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College and Research Institute, (TNAU), Madurai-625104, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpas/v3/2045

 

Effect of NPK Fertilizers on the Performance of Cassava Varieties (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Humid Tropics, Niger Delta, Nigeria | Chapter 8 | Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 10

Primary macronutrients play a very important role in improving the yield and quality of crops. Three main elements are nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (N, P, and K) and are required in abundance. They must be readily available through soil medium or fertilizer. An experiment was conducted to determine the performance of three cassava varieties with two NPK fertilizer types. The study was done at the Rivers State University Teaching and Research Farm in Port Harcourt, between March 2021 and February 2022. The treatments were cassava varieties TMS 95/0289, TMS 96/0523, and TME 419. NPK fertilizers were NPK 15-15-15 and NPK 20-10-10. The treatments were combined in a split-plot arrangement in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated three times. Parameters evaluated were the number of branches per stand and canopy width which were assessed from 10 weeks after planting and subsequently at 4 weekly intervals. Fresh/dry pulp weight and fresh/dry peel weight were determined after crop harvest.  The evaluation of the performance of three cassava varieties was studied using two compound fertilizer types at the Teaching and Research Farm, Rivers State University Port Harcourt between March 2021 and February 2022. The treatments were combined in a split-plot arrangement in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. Parameters evaluated were the number of branches and canopy diameter at four weekly intervals starting from the tenth week after planting and ending with fresh/dry pulp weight and fresh/dry peel weight were also taken. Results show that cassava variety TMS 95/0289 interacting with NPK 15-15-15 produced the highest branches per plot (24.7), TMS 96/0523 interacting with NPK 15-15-15 produced the widest canopy diameter per stand (263.1cm), fresh peels weight and dry peels weight (129.7g and 100.3g). TME 419 interacting with NPK 15-15-15 compound fertilizer produced the highest fresh and dry pulp weight with mean values of 722.7 and 487.0. Application of NPK fertilizer especially NPK 15-15-15 enhanced the number of branches, dry pulp weight, dry peel weight and canopy diameter. TME 419 had higher fresh/dry pulps and dry peels weight while TMS 96/0523 had high fresh peels weight and canopy width respectively. Whereas cassava variety TMS 95/0289 was high in the number of branches. Thus it is recommended that TME 419 be introduced to farmers as it produces the highest pulp weight per stand. Also, fertilizer NPK 15-15-15 is a preferred NPK fertilizer as it has the capability to increase the number of branches, canopy width, peel weight and pulp weight in comparison with NPK 20-10-10. Further growth and yield were mostly enhanced with NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer application compared to NPK 20-10-10. However, more field research on these fertilizers is needed to better understand their effects on cassava performance.

 

Author (s) Details

Lawson T. S.
Teaching and Research Farm, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpas/v10/4795

 

The Performance of Jute Mallow (Corchorus olitorius) under Different Intra-Row Spacings and Organic Manures for Sustainable Productivity and Enhanced Market-Economic Potentials in Nigeria | Chapter 1 | Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 1

Most Savannah soils are inherently low in fertility, especially with low organic matter (OM) contents. This results in poor crop productivity. The jute crop removes large quantities of plant nutrients from the soil and therefore responds well to organic manures as well as other agronomic practices such as plant spacing for sustainable crop yields. It is high in protein and eaten as a vegetable. The fibre is strong and durable and used to manufacture packaging materials like sacks, bags, ropes, home textiles etc. Hence, it holds great economic potential. It is against this backdrop, that this study examined the effect of different intra-row spacings and organic manures on the growth, yield and fibre colour of jute mallow (Corchorus olitorius). The field experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, Federal University, Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria. Two intra-row spacings, three manures (poultry, goat, cow dung) and control were laid in a 2 x 4 factorial experiment in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Data was collected on growth, yield, and jute quality parameters and subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and where means of treatments were significant at (p≤ 0.05) level of probability, they were separated using the Turkey-HSD. Results showed that at 4WAT, the survival rate (70 - 79%) of the plants in all treatments showed no significant difference. Meanwhile, the highest leaf fresh weight plant^-1, highest stem girth, fiber yield at harvest, plant height, stem fresh weight plant^-1, leaf area (LA), fiber length and width at harvest (10 WAT) were recorded from the jute crop sown at 20cm intra-row spacing. Conversely, at 10WAT, higher plant heights, LA and fibre length at harvest were recorded using cow dung; while goat manure recorded the highest leaf fresh weight plant^-1 at 10WAT, stem fresh weight plant^-1 at 6WAT coupled with stem girth and fiber width at harvest. Poultry manure produced the highest stem fresh weight plant^-1 at 10WAT and fiber weight at harvest. Generally, the control plots significantly recorded the lowest growth, yield and jute fibre colour indices. It is concluded that the intra-row spacings used in this study and the addition of organic manure enhanced the growth, yield and fibre colour of jute mallow. The golden color fibre, adjudged best, was obtained with the application of poultry manure at 5t ha^-1 and the closest (10cm) intra-row spacing. The jute fibre is now accepted as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective material than reinforced plastic due to its biodegradable qualities and is replacing forest wood in the pulp and paper industry. Thus, it is considered the potential fiber of the future.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Sambo, B. E.
Department of Crop Production and Protection, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria.

 

Egbeadumah, M. O
Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria.

 

Amos, E.
Department of Crop Production and Protection, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria.

 

Iyue, I. S.
Department of Crop Production and Protection, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria.

 

Ochugudu, G.
Department of Crop Production and Protection, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/asti/v1/3992

Studies on Genetic Variability and Screening of Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus (YVMV) Resistance in Mutant Lines of Blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) under Field Condition | Chapter 2 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 11

Background: A breeding program requires that a gene pool be made more genetically variable. In order to increase variability and find desirable recombinants, hybridisation and mutation techniques are used in tandem. The most important disease affecting and decreasing blackgram yield is yellow mosaic disease, which is caused by the Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV). Blackgram crop land is being used for other cereal crop cultivation since resistant cultivars are not readily available. Breeding with these resistant cultivars is an eco-friendly and efficient way to manage MYMV in urdbean production.

Aim: The aim of the study is to assess the genetic variability and yellow vein mosaic virus (YVMV) resistance in mutant lines of blackgram (Vigna mungo L. hepper) under field condition.

Methods: In Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Bavikere a field experiment conducted at Kharif 2022 utilising 90 F4 M3 laid out in an Augmented design. For the summer of 2023, 30 F5 M4 were selected from the first season and laid out in an RCBD design based on seed yield, disease index, and incidence. These lines were produced by hybridising Rashmi and PU31, then treating F2 seeds at IIHR in Bangalore with gamma irradiation (20kr). Statistical analysis was performed on the data of traits means recorded on 15 selected plants for yield and its attributing traits using WINDOWSTAT version 9.2 software and R software.

Results: This study showed significant differences for most of the characteristics. The number of clusters per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of pod length, number of seeds per pod, and seed yield all showed high PCV, GCV, broad sense heritability, and genetic advancement as a percentage of mean for the first season. In terms of the number of branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of pods per plant, and number of seeds per pod, high broad sense heritability with genetic advancement, moderate PCV, and GCV were showed for the second season. Estimated high PCV values suggest greater population variability in trait seed yield per plant, but the narrow range between GCV and PCV suggests that environmental influences on trait expression are less significant. The plants that exhibited the least percentage disease index and resistant reaction to YVMV were BLM 9, BLM 20, BLM 29, BLM 44, BLM 51, and BLM 58 in the first season, and BLM 30 and BLM 51 in the second.

Conclusion: This research suggests that additional crop improvement can be achieved with using these resistant high yielding mutant lines.

 

Author (s) Details

 

N. Nagamani
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, ZAHRS, Navile, Shivamogga, Keladi Shivvappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga, Karnataka-577204, India.

S. K. Shashikala
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, ZAHRS, Navile, Shivamogga, Keladi Shivvappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga, Karnataka-577204, India.

 

B. Manjunatha
Keladi Shivvappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga, Karnataka-577204, India.

 

N. Sadashiv
Department of Plantation, Spices and Aromatic Crops and Station Head, AHRS, Bavikere, Shivamogga, Karnataka-577204, India.

 

T. N. Usha
Department of Seed Technology, Directorate of Research, Keladi Shivvappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Iruvakki, Shivamogga, Karnataka-577412, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v11/4882

Effect of Changes in Sowing Dates on Disease Severity of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) Leaf Spot Caused by Coniella musaiensis Var Hibisci | Chapter 2 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 9

The present study determining the effect of changes in sowing dates on disease severity of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) leaf spot caused by Coniella musaiensis Var hibisci. Planting of Roselle around Makurdi, Central Nigeria is usually done at the onset of rains with no regards to pests and disease situation. However, several diseases affecting the plant have been identified and shown to limit the production of roselle worldwide. Five dates were selected with an interval of fourteen days (14) between the dates for two years (2003 and 2004) to determine the most appropriate time to sow the crop using two Roselle accessions; green (Acc1) and red (Acc3). The first date was determined by the establishment of the rains in the season. It was observed that change in sowing dates had significant (p = 0.05) effect on disease severity but not on plant height, number of branches, number of fruits and calyx yield. There is indication that severity in this disease has little effect on performance of other agronomic characters particularly when the plant survives the attack. The result however points to the fact that delayed planting of this crop would be ideal and as such Mid-July date becomes ideal for planting of roselle.

Roselle is photosensitive, at whatever date the crop is planted, it will flower in August and be due for harvest in December. Hence, roselle should be cultivated mid-July to avoid the risk of heavy attack during heavy rains.

 

Author (s) Details

 

K. D. Apeyuan
Department of Integrated Science, College of Education, Katsina-Ala, Nigeria.

 

A. O. Nwankiti
Department of Crop and Environmental Protection, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria.

 

O. A. H. Oluma
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria.

 

E. J. Ekefan
Department of Crop and Environmental Protection, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v9/3868

Investigating the Effects of Organic Liquid Fertilizer Derived from Vegetable Waste on Moisture Retention, Soil Physical Properties and Yield of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Grown in the Malkerns Area, the Kingdom of Eswatini | Chapter 7 | Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 7

Modern agriculture is experiencing the adverse effects of synthetic fertilizers, as their long-term use has raised significant environmental concerns. These fertilizers can degrade soil quality, disrupt ecosystems, and harm plants, animals, and the environment, particularly when misapplied or used in excessive quantities. Organic fertilizers can serve as an alternative to synthetic fertilizers, as they play a crucial role in promoting the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the soil. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of organic food waste on the condition of soil and the yield of vegetables. The experiment was a randomized block design with N:P:K at a ratio of 2:3:2(37) inorganic fertilizer, organic fertilizer (vegetable food waste), and no fertilizer as the three treatments using no fertilizer as a control. There were three replications per treatment. The vegetable food waste was processed in a closed container along with the addition of stillage and sugar in anaerobic conditions for 3 weeks. Parameters measured included the soil moisture content at 4 weeks and 6 weeks after planting, the soil porosity, the lettuce's fresh and oven-dry mass, and the changes in soil nutrient content before and after the application of the treatments. The vegetable food waste liquid fertilizer was analysed and the NPK values were found to be 0.83 %, 16.5 mg/kg, and 20.62 cmol/kg, respectively. After the application of treatments in the soil, the results of the study showed that vegetable waste had the highest yield per head (355.5 g) followed by synthetic fertilizer and no fertilizer treatment (control) with 283.2 g, and 253.1 g, respectively. Similarly, vegetable food waste had a higher moisture holding capacity of 0.237 cm³/cm³ while synthetic fertilizer and the control both were 0.139 cm³/cm³. The results obtained from the study showed that liquid vegetable food waste fertilizer can be used as an alternative to synthetic fertilizer to increase crop yield and improve soil physical properties while reducing the negative impact of synthetic fertilizers on the environment as well as the environmental effect of disposing of vegetable food waste in landfills. In this study, the nutrient value of ordinary vegetable food waste is converted into a highly useful product as liquid fertilizer. This technique can empower and is expected to reduce the burden on the farmers, economically wise.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Dlamini M V
Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Eswatini, Private Bag, Luyengo, Eswatini.

 

Mukabwe W O
Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Eswatini, Private Bag, Luyengo, Eswatini.

 

Sibandze N N
Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Eswatini, Private Bag, Luyengo, Eswatini

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpas/v7/3418

Effects of Soil Chemical Environment Changes Induced by Integrated Nutrient Management Practices on Yield, Economics and Soil health under Rice-fallow Cropping System | Chapter 4 | Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 3

Soil health is one of the key factors, which decides the yield targets. Chemical fertilizers are essential basic needs of present-day intensive Agriculture. Continuous use of these chemical fertilizers leads to the deterioration of soil fertility. The current study investigated changes in the soil chemical environment by integrated nutrient management practices and its effect on yield, and economics under the rice-fallow cropping system. The field trial was carried out in an Instructional farm, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Angul during the kharif seasons of 2011 and 2012. The experimental trial was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. The results indicated application of 50% RDF + 10 t FYM (Farm Yard Manure) + Azotobacter, Azospirillum & PSB @5kg ha^-1 each recorded higher organic carbon(0.446 %), N(211 kg ha^-1), P(25.50 kg ha^-1), K(198 kg ha^-1), S (25.7 kg ha^-1 ), Ca(0.22%), Mg(0.09 %), grain yield (51.43 q ha^-1), harvest index (49.81 %), gross return (Rs.69470 ha^-1) and influenced greatly on changes in soil chemical environment which enhances the yield, economics of rice and soil fertility. The study concluded that integrated nutrient management coupled with organic manures, bio fertilizers and chemical fertilizers influenced greatly the variation in soil chemical properties and enhanced the yield, economics of crop and fertility status of the soil.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Tiryak Kumar Samant
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Angul-759132, Odisha, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cbrp/v3/4351

Predicting Rice Crop Yields in Prayagraj: A Comparison of Regression Techniques and Neural Networks | Chapter 3 | Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 5

This study investigates rice crop yield prediction in Prayagraj District, Uttar Pradesh, using twenty-nine years of historical weather and crop yield data from 1991 to 2019. The analysis divided the dataset into a calibration segment comprising 90% of the data over 26 years, with the remaining 10% used for validation. In our approach, 75.9% of the data was used to train an artificial neural network (ANN) model, and 24.1% was employed for testing and validation to ensure 100% model efficiency evaluation. Techniques such as stepwise linear regression and neural networks were applied to predict rice yields. The performance of these models was measured primarily by the Normalized Root Mean Squared Error (nRMSE), with the regression-based model achieving superior performance, indicated by the lowest nRMSE values. The study also noted the critical role of Bright Sunshine Hours, which demonstrated a significant predictive power with an nRMSE of 0.00025 and a coefficient of determination of 0.94.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Nilesh Kumar Singh
Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Shraddha Rawat
Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/geserh/v5/4249

Integrating Mycorrhizal Fungi with Different Doses of Fertilizer in Nutrient Management for Sustainable Rice Ecosystems | Chapter 1 | Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 9

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi play a vital role in a wide range of functions from stress reduction to bioremediation in soils polluted with heavy metals. In this situation, it is important to focus on the combined use of both organic and inorganic fertilizers in judicious combination based on soil nutrient status to improve and sustain the soil fertility and productivity which is called integrated nutrient management. The word “sustainability” has recently come to find itself pushed forward into the limelight and attached as a modifier to nouns with which it formerly had no more than a nodding acquaintance. “Sustainable development,” for example, has been with us for some time, but more recent pairings are now commonplace: sustainable agriculture, sustainable design, sustainable energy, sustainable tourism, and sustainable living, to name a few. Remind of sustainability my research works carried out to solve this problem to save sustainable development. An experiment was conducted during the rainy (Kharif) season in 2015, to find out the effect of fungal isolates with different doses of fertilizer on the growth yield attributes of rice. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) from water samples and cultured from soil samples were examined microscopically for identification on the basis of morphological characters. The experiment comprises three replications and seven treatment combinations. The rice variety–PB1509 was transplanted with a pot experiment. The results showed that application of T₁ (N₀ P₀ K₀) (control), T₂ (N P K), T₃ (N_¾ P_¾ K), T₄ (N_½ P_½ K), T₅ (N_½ P_½ K + VAMV-SI/4), T₆ (N_½ P_½ K + VAMV-SII/5) and T₇ (N_½ P_½ K+ VAM-SIII/3) gave significantly yield attributes were also higher in this treatment (T₅) over control and other treatments. The study concluded that VAM can increase the physiologically activity root system of plants and help in the uptake of N, P, and K nutrients, and water. These findings suggested that the use of VAM may be a boon for the farmers who are destined to grow cereal.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Uma Bharti
Department of Botany, BRA Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India.

 

Pawan Kumar Srivastwa
BPSAC, Purnea, Bihar Agriculture University Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India.

 

Mukul Kumar
MBAC, Agwanpur, Saharsa, Bihar Agriculture University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India.

 

Suman Kalyani
BPSAC, Purnea, Bihar Agriculture University Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India.

 

Ranvir Kumar
BPSAC, Purnea, Bihar Agriculture University Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpmab/v9/1792

Effects of Tillage Methods and Physico-chemical Properties of Soil on Agro-morphological Properties and Yield of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Abongoua, Côte d'Ivoire | Chapter 3 | Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 8

 

The present study determines the effects of tillage methods and physico-chemical properties of soil on agro-morphological properties and yield of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Abongoua, Côte d'Ivoire. Various cultivation techniques have been initiated, including plowing, which aims to create a favorable environment in the soil for the development of cultivated plants. It is through these cultivation techniques improve the structure of the soil, and its physical state and consequently increase its permeability and porosity, creating conditions more suitable for the development of tuberous roots. The experiment was conducted in the field for 13 months (June 2019 to July 2020) in Abongoua in the department of Bongouanou (East-central Côte d'Ivoire). After cleaning a 900 m2 fallow surface and cleaning all plant debris, soil samples were taken with an auger in the 40 cm surface in each corner and in the center of the experimental plot to form the composite sample for laboratory analysis. The cuttings were directly sown at a rate of 12 cuttings per treatment. The data for the various parameters obtained were subjected to an analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS software version 9.4, and the means were separated using the Newman and Keuls test at the 5% probability level. The findings revealed an acidic soil with a sandy texture and an abundance of nutrients, particularly major elements, trace elements, and the clay-humus complex. In decreasing order of importance, treatments T3 (ridged soil), T2 (mounded soil), and T1 (tilled soil) produced good growth and development of agro-morphological parameters as well as yield (T0). The study clearly demonstrated that the kind of tillage, particularly the ridged tillage technique, enhances cassava agromorphological parameters, productivity, and yield. What we recommend to farmers in the area for a good cassava harvest in Abongoua, East-Central Côte d'Ivoire.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

N’ganzoua Kouamé René
Department of Pedology, UFR Agroforestry, Jean Lorougnon Guédé University, BP 150, Daloa, Côte d'Ivoire.

 

N’dakou Koua Ambroise
National Agency for Support to Rural Development, B.P 352, San-Pedro, Côte d'Ivoire.

 

Kouame Amany Guillaume
National Agency for Support to Rural Development, B.P 352, San-Pedro, Côte d'Ivoire.

 

Konate Zoumana
Department of Pedology, UFR Agroforestry, Jean Lorougnon Guédé University, BP 150, Daloa, Côte d'Ivoire.

 

Bakayoko Sidiky
Department of Pedology, UFR Agroforestry, Jean Lorougnon Guédé University, BP 150, Daloa, Côte d'Ivoire.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/racas/v8/149

Examining Germination Potential, Seed Invigoration and Yield Growth of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) through Seed Priming under Different Seeding Rates | Chapter 2 | Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 7

Lentil (Lens culinaris, Medikus) is an important food legume cultivated in rainfed areas in many countries including India. Field experiment to investigate the germination potential, seedling vigour and yield of lentil (Lens culinaris, Medik.) var ‘PL-4’ against three seed rates with hydro-primed, osmo-primed, sprouted seeds and unprimed seeds under tilled soil situation was conducted during rabi seasons of 2008-09 and 2009-10. The treatment was laid out under split-plot design using hydro-primed, osmo-primed with 1% KH2PO4, sprouted and unprimed seeds in the main plot and three seeding rates of 40, 50 and 60 kg/ha in the sub-plot. Yield attributes were recorded at harvest. Data were analyzed by OPSTAT software with split plot design, and priming methods in the main and seed rates in the sub-plots.
 
The result revealed that the highest germination rate was reflected with hydropriming which was significantly superior to other priming methods. The hydro-primed seeds significantly increased the percent germination (96.13%), nodules/plant (11.05), pods/plant (43.27) and seeds/ pod (1.91) as compared to rest of the priming methods but sprouted seed indicated better results statistically at par with hydro and osmo-priming in respect of root length (18.63 cm) and shoot length (28.63 cm), seedling vigor (4.35). Branches/plant (13.12) and test weight (2.11 g) showed insignificantly higher values in osmo-priming. The highest yield was achieved with sprouted seed (844.90 kg/ha) which was statistically at par with the rest of the treatments except unprimed seed. All the seed rates indicated no significant differences among them in respect of germination %, seedling vigor and other growth parameters, seeds/ plant and test weight except nodule count, branches/ plant, pods/plant and grim yield in which medium seed rate (50 kg/ha) was superior over rest of the seed rates. Interaction effect indicated that, sprouted seeds with medium seed rate (50 kg/ha) resulted in a significantly higher yield (856.27 kg/ha). A higher seed rate resulted in a significant increase in yield for hydro-primed or osmo-primed (KH2PO4) seeds. Sprouted seed and all priming agents indicated better yield than unprimed seeds while medium seed rates gave higher grain yield over lower and higher seed rates. Sprouted seeds with 50 kg/ha seed rate were optimum in rainfed lentil cultivation under conventional tilled soil conditions.

Author(s) Details:

Jamkhogin Lhungdim,
Department of Agronomy, Central Agricultural University, Imphal, Manipur 795004, India.

S. K. Chongtham,
Department of Agronomy, Central Agricultural University, Imphal, Manipur 795004, India.

R. Joseph Koireng,
Department of Agronomy, Central Agricultural University, Imphal, Manipur 795004, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACAS-V7/article/view/14260

Application of Thin Layer Activation to Determine Surface Degradation in Various Materials | Chapter 10 | Current Perspective to Physical Science Research Vol. 3

 Thin Layer Activation is nuclear measurement technique which can be employed to determine surface degradation in various materials by choosing appropriate ion beams in industries of strategic importance due to its high sensitivity, precision & reliable results. In the present research work, attempt has been made to find correlation and systematic between projectile mass and linear activity using different beams viz; proton, deuteron, 3He and Alpha and linear activity induced in materials like Aluminium, Iron& Nickel have been reported in almost same energy region. In the present work, an attempt has been made to investigate the influence of various ion beams on linear activity induced different materials. A number of nuclear reactions have been studied for exploring influence of linear activity in studied materials which are of great importance from industrial applications in various sectors.

Author(s) Details:

D. P. Singh,
Department of Physics, UPES, Dehradun, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPPSR-V3/article/view/12903