Evaluation of the Resistance of Five Tomato Varieties to Bacterial Wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) under the Agro-climatic Conditions of Katibougou | Chapter 8 | Microbiology and Biotechnology Research: An Overview Vol. 4

 

The objective of this research is to contribute to the improvement of tomato productivity in Mali. Tomatoes remain one of the most widely grown vegetable crops in the world. It is the most consumed vegetable in the world after potatoes. However, its production faces enormous difficulties such as the extreme poverty of the soil, the low technicality of the producers, the high pest pressure and the scarcity of high-performance varieties. Of these, bacterial wilt is an important factor, as it causes a huge loss of production on average if left unchecked. A study was carried out on the evaluation of the resistance of five varieties of tomato (Anaya, Raja, Tingal, Mona and Petomek) to bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) in the agro-climatic conditions of Katibougou. The experimental device used was the Fisher block with three (03) repetitions to five (05) treatments. The analysis of biometric observations shows that the Raja variety had the largest diameter at the collar with 12.13 cm at the 60th day after transplanting, the highest number of leaves at 40.1, it also gave the highest number of branches with 9.8 and also the greatest height of the plants with 82.5 cm. Regarding the incidence of bacterial wilt, the Petomek variety (T5) had the highest percentage with 73%, followed by the Anaya variety (T1) which had 70%. As for the severity, a total of three (03) observations were made, the analysis of variance showed a significant difference between the levels of variation, the Petomek variety (T5) had the highest score with 85.9%, followed by the Anaya variety (T1) which recorded 84.4% and finally the Tingal (T3) and Mona (T4) varieties had the lowest scores 24.4%. In terms of yield, the Tingal variety had the best yield with 45.83 t/ha, followed by the Mona variety with 39.46 t/ha. Finally, the Anaya and Petomek treatments gave the lowest yields with 21.66 t/ha and 20.55 t/ha, respectively.

 

Author(s) Details

Fodé KEITA
Rural Polytechnic Institute for Training and Applied Research (IPR/IFRA) of Katibougou, Department of Studies and Research (DER) of Agricultural Sciences and Techniques (STA), Plant Protection Unit, BP 06, Koulikoro, Mali.

Michel KARPUKHIN
Department of Agricultural Sciences, Vice-Rector for Research and Innovation at the Ural State Agrarian University, Yekaterinburg, Russia.

 

Bakary SAGARA
Rural Polytechnic Institute for Training and Applied Research (IPR/IFRA) of Katibougou, Department of Studies and Research (DER) of Agricultural Sciences and Techniques (STA), Plant Protection Unit, BP 06, Koulikoro, Mali.

 

Mahamoudou TRAORE
Rural Polytechnic Institute for Training and Applied Research (IPR/IFRA) of Katibougou, Department of Studies and Research (DER) of Agricultural Sciences and Techniques (STA), Plant Protection Unit, BP 06, Koulikoro, Mali.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mbrao/v4/5404

Evaluating the Growth and Yield Variability of Selected Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) Cultivars Infected with Cowpea Aphid-borne Mosaic Virus and Southern Bean Mosaic Virus | Chapter 1 | Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 9

Cowpea is susceptible to a complex of insect pests and diseases and they attack the crop from vegetative stage to storage, which forms part of the most important impediments to its profitable production. Virus diseases are the most damaging diseases of cowpea and represent a significant proportion of losses regarding the potential value of the crop in sub-Saharan Africa. This study was, therefore, conducted to determine the resistance of selected cowpea cultivars to single and mixed infections of CABMV and SBMV and to ascertain the effects that these two viruses have on the selected cowpea cultivars in single and mixed infections. Eight cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) cultivars were evaluated for Cowpea Aphid-Borne Mosaic Virus (CABMV), Southern Bean Mosaic Virus (SBMV), CABMV+SBMV, and SBMV+CABMV resistance under greenhouse conditions at the School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology Minna, Nigeria in 2016 (lat.9^o40ʹN; long 6^o30ʹE at an altitude of 220 m.a.s.l). Virus-infected plants were evaluated independently using a Completely Randomized Design with three replications. In single infections, cowpea seedlings were inoculated at 10 days after sowing (DAS), while in mixed infections the second virus inoculation was performed at 21 DAS. Disease incidence, symptom severity, plant growth and yield characters were recorded. Disease severity was evaluated based on a visual scale of 1-5. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test was used for mean separation. Results showed that one hundred percent infection was obtained regardless of the cultivar. The single and double virus infections reported in this study had significant and different effects on the eight cowpea cultivars evaluated which can be attributed to the different susceptibility levels of the cultivars to the respective viruses. High disease severity with a symptom score of 4.0 was recorded for all the cowpea cultivars infected with CABMV alone and CABMV+SBMV, while moderate resistance with a symptom score of 3.0 was recorded only in cultivars IT09K-231-1 and IT10K-973-1 to SBMV, and in IT07K-299-6 and IT10K-973-1 to SBMV+CABMV. Through the four virus treatments, seed weight per plant was significantly (p<0.05) highest in IT10K-843 infected with CABMV which, produced 3.5 g; cultivar, IT07K-299-6 inoculated with SBMV produced 4.9 g, while IT10K-973-1 under CABMV+SBMV infections produced 4.9 g; and IT07K-298-9 infected with SBMV+CABMV produced 4.4 g. The cowpea cultivar IT07K-299-6 which gave the highest seed weight under single and double virus infections can be exploited in hybridization studies to develop resistant cowpea varieties for use by farmers. Intensive biotechnological research that will result in the development of cowpea cultivars with multiple resistance to economically important viruses should be explored.

 

Author (s) Details

E. W. Mamman
Department of Crop Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.

 

M. T. Salaudeen
Department of Crop Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.

 

A. C. Wada
Department of Crop Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.

 

A. S. Paiko
Department of Pest Management Technology, Niger State College of Agriculture, P.M.B. 109, Mokwa, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpas/v9/3093

Determination of Mining Risks at Exploitation in Roșia Poieni Open Pit Mine, Romania | Chapter 6 | Techniques and Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 3

 The mining sector is of particular importance as it can support the economic development of the country by supplying various mineral products that are used as raw materials in other fields of activity. When deposit depth and geological conditions permit, valuable mineral resources are mined in open pit mines. The purpose of this document is to investigate malfunctions that may occur and which may lead to dangerous accidents that may affect the safety of personnel and the environment. These malfunctions can be caused by a variety of reasons, including malfunctioning internal mining units and natural phenomena. The study identified and assessed potential mining risks at the Roşia Poieni open pit mine. The policy underlying the identification of these risks considers three main principles. Reduce risk and keep people safe while limiting property risk or financial risk to mining entities. The identification of these risks allows delimiting areas directly or indirectly exposed to potential risks and defines specific prevention, protection and safety measures associated with the activities to be carried out. can do. Based on the identified potential mining risks, we created a hazard map that can be used to develop a risk prevention plan, taking into account the existence of multiple types of risks that may overlap in the same quarry operation area.

Author(s) Details:

Mihaela Toderaș,
Mining Engineering, Surveying and Civil Engineering Department, University of Petrosani, Romania.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TAIER-V3/article/view/8428

Determining the Incidence and Severity of Maize Ear Rot Disease in Western Kenya | Chapter 5 | Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 7

 This study's goal is to ascertain the prevalence and seriousness of ear rot symptoms in the four counties of Western Kenya. A complicated interaction between the fungal diseases Stenocarpella spp., Penicillium spp., and Trichoderma spp. results in the disease known as maize ear rot. Numerous species of Nigrospora, Gibberella, Fusarium, Stenocarpella, and Aspergillus have been identified. According to reports, these illnesses impair the quality of the maize crop while also producing mycotoxins that are harmful to both livestock and humans. Studies were carried out in 12 Divisions in the Western Kenyan counties of Kisumu, Homabay, Siaya, and Migori during the ensuing long and short rain seasons of September to December 2014 and February to July 2015, respectively, using a stratified random sampling method (SRSD). The farmer fields served as sampling grounds, and the divisions as sampling units. The prevalence of maize ear rots was quite high in all 12 of the divisions under consideration. They were only more common from February to July 2015 than they were from September to December 2014.

Author(s) Details:

George T. Opande,
Kaimosi Friends University, Kaimosi, Kenya.

Mathews Dida,
Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya.

Phillip Onyango,
Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya.

Christine Wesonga,
Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ECAFS-V7/article/view/8317

Determining the Impact of CAT Score in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases Patients Health in Our Region | Chapter 1 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 8

 COPD is a condition that causes a great deal of misery in people. It is increasingly recognised as a widespread disease in developing countries, and it is one of the leading causes of death. Although pulmonary function tests are critical for diagnosing and assessing the severity of COPD, other functional status indicators such as dyspnoea, exercise performance, and health status are crucial aspects of the disease that cannot be assessed using this method. The COPD assessment test (CAT) is a new eight-item questionnaire designed to provide a quick, easy, and self-administered exam for evaluating symptoms and determining the impact of COPD on health status (Quality Of Life). This study demonstrates the utility of the CAT score in our location. The current study's clinical features, Gold Severity, and FEVI 1 percent were compared to previous studies from various nations. Between May and September 2014, a total of 70 COPD patients were investigated. A thorough clinical history was gathered. The CAT questionnaire was used to determine the severity of the symptoms. Pulmonary function tests (before and post bronchodilator therapy) and oxygen saturation measurements were performed on them. The majority of the patients were 42-year-old men (60 percent ). A total of 41 patients (58.6%) were smokers, with 36 (87.80%) being men. 18 patients (25.7%) had a positive history of Chula exposure, with 17 (94.44%) being females. Patients had a mean age of 60.34 SD 9.9, a mean FEV1 of 62.33 SD 18.2, and a mean SPO2 of 94.26 SD 2.27. Two groups of patients were identified. Group 1 has low symptoms and has a CAT Score of 10; group 2 has high symptoms and has a CAT Score of 10. Patients in Group 2 have a CAT score of greater than 10. Eighty percent of the patients had a high CAT score of >10 in Group 2. The majority of the patients (50%) had mild blockage. Patients whose projected forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1%) was significantly lower had a significantly higher CAT score (t = 2.67, p=.009). Patients with advanced disease (as defined by the GOLD criteria) had a higher CAT score, indicating a positive correlation, but CAT score and FEVI percent had an inverse correlation. The mean FEV1 percent anticipated was similar to that of France, which was higher than Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, and the United States of America, but lower than Belgium. As a simple and accurate instrument, the CAT questionnaire shows to be a sensitive test in assessing COPD health status. Patients' and clinicians' awareness of COPD would be improved with the help of the CAT questionnaire, allowing for an early diagnosis and providing a useful and objective tool for early recognition and long-term clinical and therapeutic monitoring of COPD patients, particularly in clinical settings where spirometry is not yet available.

• COPD Assessment TEST (CAT) for determining the influence on COPD health status (Quality Of Life) in our region.

• The utility of CAT score in monitoring one's health.

• Clinical characteristics of the current study compared to previous studies from other countries

Author (S) Details

Sumer Sanjiv Choudhary
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, NKP Salve Institute of Medical Sciences and Lata Mangeshkar Hospital, Nagpur, India and Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shree Ramjeevan Choudhary Memorial Hospital and Research Centre, Nagpur, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V8/article/view/3104