Co-inoculation Effect of Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus subtilis on Growth, Yield and Nutrient Uptake in Wheat (Triticum aestivum) | chapter 2 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 7

 

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a staple cereal crop, is crucial for feeding the growing human population. Biofertilizers play a major role in increasing nutrient availability for high yield, making them a sustainable alternative or supplement to chemical fertilisers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the co-inoculation effect of Azospirillum Brasiliense and Bacillus subtilis on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of wheat. A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus subtilis along with a graded level of chemical fertilisers on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of wheat (Triticum aestivum) during Rabi, 2018, at the Agronomy farm, Rajarshee Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj College of Agriculture, Kolhapur. The plots were arranged in a randomised block design with three replications. The co-inoculation effect of Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus subtilis, along with 75% nitrogen and Phosphorus and 100% potassium, recorded the highest plant height at tillering (25.00), plant height at flowering (87.80cm), plant height at maturity (90.53cm), number of tillers sq.m1 (403.00). In addition, ear length (14.77cm), number of spikelets ear-1 (42.87), number of grain ear-1 (38.33),1000 grain weight (43.88gm), gram yield (50.63q/ha), straw yield (75.93 q/ha) and uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus by wheat plant were also found to be increased 120.00 kg hand 37.00kg/ha respectively. The results of the present investigation clearly demonstrate that co-inoculation of wheat seeds with Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus subtilis, combined with 75% of the recommended nitrogen and phosphorus and 100% potassium fertiliser, produced results similar to the full 100% NPK treatment. This suggests that 25% of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilisers can be effectively replaced, leading to significant savings in chemical fertiliser costs without compromising crop performance.

 

 

Author(s) Details

S.V. Kadam
Plant Pathology Section, College of Agriculture, Kolhapur - 416 004, India.

 

D.P. Deshmukh
Plant Pathology Section, College of Agriculture, Kolhapur - 416 004, India.

 

R.A Karande
Plant Pathology Section, College of Agriculture, Kolhapur - 416 004, India.

 

S.J. Waghmare
Plant Pathology Section, College of Agriculture, Kolhapur - 416 004, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v7/6246

 

Sulfate Status and Wheat Yield Response to Sulfur Fertilizer in Acidic Soils of Tsegede Highlands, Northern Ethiopia | Chapter 5 | Soil Acidity Characterization and Effects of Liming and Chemical Fertilization on Microbial Growth, Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): The Case of Acidic Soils in Tsegede District, Northern Ethiopia, Edition 1

A soil survey and two greenhouse experiments were conducted in acidic soils of the Tsegede District, Tigray Region, Ethiopia to determine available sulfur (SO₄-S) status in three land use types across three sites and wheat yield response to different sulfur (S) fertilizer levels applied in the form of gypsum (CaSO₄.2H₂O) and potassium sulfate (K₂SO₄) along with and without lime. Composite soil samples were collected and analyzed following the standard procedures. Two experiments were conducted following the randomized complete block design with ten treatment combinations: two levels of lime (with and without lime) and five levels of S (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 kg ha^-1 S), one using CaSO₄.2H₂O and the other using K₂SO₄ as increasing of SO4 replicated three times. The results revealed significant (P ≤ 0.01) changes in soil SO4-S status with the change in site and land use type. Its content in the forest land soils was significantly higher by about 162 and 160% over the cultivated and grazing land soils, respectively; the results showed a positive correlation (r = 0.773**) with soil pH and a negative correlation with exchangeable acidity (r = -0.786**) and Al (r = -0.806**). Grain yield and S use efficiency of wheat crop was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by the application of S in the form of K2SO4 than gypsum. Successive increasing of S fertilizers in the form of K2SO4 up to the level of 50 kg ha^-1 S has been observed to increase biomass and grain yield of wheat considerably. Furthermore, soils treated with S fertilizer along with lime achieved significantly higher yields than those without lime. The findings indicate that due consideration of the impact of land use transformation on soil sulfate status and application of S fertilizers in the form of K₂SO₄ along with lime could improve wheat crop production in the S-deficient acidic soils of the Tsegede highlands.

 

Author (s) Details

Abreha Kidanemariam Hadera
Haramaya University, Ethiopia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-48006-81-3/CH5

Improving Soil Fertility and Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Productivity through Precision Nutrient Management in North Bihar, India | Chapter 9 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 2

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important agricultural crop growing throughout the world. Over the past few decades, fertilizer consumption in India has increased appreciably. Application of fertilizer nutrients by the farmer without knowing the soil fertility status and nutrient requirements of the crop affects soil quality and production crops adversely. Therefore, the aim of the study is to improve wheat productivity through effective nutrient management strategies. The objective of nutrient management strategies was to achieve the required crop yield in an efficient, economical, and sustainable manner. An on-farm trial was conducted during the Rabi seasons of 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 at farmers’ fields in pre-selected ten locations of Muzaffarpur district in North Bihar, considering farmers as replication, in order to assess the fertilizer application based on soil testing for the yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in North Bihar, India. The experimental field had an average soil pH of 8.60, EC of 0.35 dSm^-1, organic carbon of 0.63 percent, nitrogen of 221.33 kg ha^-1, phosphorus of 51.71 kg ha^-1 and potassium of 149.98 kg ha^-1. The results revealed that nutrient management based on soil testing has a statistically significant impact on yield attributes, yield, and economics. The study also confirmed that soil test-based fertilizer application is not only effective in increasing wheat productivity but also in maintaining soil health and optimizing input costs. The highest grain yield of 34.66 and 30.08 q ha^-1 was found significantly in the soil test-based fertilizer application compared to the Recommended Dose of Fertilizer (RDF) (N120-P60-K40) and Farmers Practice (FP); (30.08 q ha^-1). The maximum net return (Rs. 27750 ha^-1) and the B: C ratio (2.61) were found in the fertilizer application based on soil test relative to RDF (N₁₂₀-P₆₀-K₄₀) and FP. Future research should focus on evaluating the long-term impact of soil test-based fertilizer (STBF) application on soil health, nutrient balance, and microbial activity across multiple cropping cycles.

 

Author (s) Details

Kamlesh Kumar Singh
Department of Soil Science, Tirhut College of Agriculture (TCA), Dholi, Muzaffarpur, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur) Bihar - 848125, India.

 

Ajeet Kumar
Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities (CBS&H), Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur)-848125, Bihar, India.

 

S. K. Singh
Department of Soil Science, Tirhut College of Agriculture (TCA), Dholi, Muzaffarpur, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur) Bihar - 848125, India.

 

Rabindra Prasad
Department of Entomology, TCA, Dholi, Muzaffarpur, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur) Bihar - 848125, India.

 

S. K. Gupta
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Saraiya, Muzaffarpur, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur) Bihar – 848125, India.

 

Sunita Kumari
Department of Agronomy, PGCA, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur) Bihar - 848125, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v2/5194

Predicting Wheat Production in Karnataka: A Linear Regression Approach | Chapter 28 | Innovative Solutions: A Systematic Approach towards Sustainable Future

Wheat is one of the High Yielding Varieties of agricultural crop. Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Punjab are the three largest wheat producing states in India whereas Belagavi, Vijayapura and Dharwad are three major wheat growing district in Karnataka. The secondary data on area, Production, yield along with season and Variety was collected for the year 2021-22 from Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Bangalore (https://des.karnataka.gov.in/). Here Linear Regression analysis has been made to know the impact of area on production of Wheat in different district of Karnataka. Trend analysis was performed by fitting linear model.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Ashwini H P
Department of Mathematics, Acharya Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India.

 

Deepasree S Kumar
Department of Mathematics, Acharya Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49238-47-3/CH28

Testing Putative Factor and Categories of Resistance in Wheat to Schizaphis, Graminum (Rondani) Using, Direct Current Electrical Penetration Graph (Dc-Epg) Technique | Chapter 11 | Emerging Issues in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 5

 The green bug (Schizaphis graminum) (Homoptera: Aphididae) is a big aphid species ambushing wheat crop in Pakistan, and is also stated as a major grain pest across the world.  Host plant fighting is an integral part of Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Several green bug opposing genes have been identified and imported in commercial high flexible cultivars of wheat to survive green bug. There are three known insect fighting categories, including antixenosis, antibiosis and fortitude. Furthermore, using direct current electrical seepage graphs (DC-EPG) indicated that Parameters related to strainer element stages the aphid reached fast on susceptible cultivar compared to ‘opposing’ plants. The percentage of time abandoned available after first strainer element time, Schizaphis graminum stayed for a significant more protracted period on susceptible cultivar distinguished to the resistant cultivars. The aphid pierced sieve elements development and phloem ingestion attitude was initiated with different success on resistant and exposed genotypes. EPG indicates that phloem ingestion action is significantly reduced on opposing wheat lines distinguished to the susceptible cultivar. The duration of acute the pathway phase by S. graminum, was considerably different between control plants and the proven genotypes. Similar response was observed all the while the last parameter ‘mean fraction time’ where the bug has spent significantly more interminable time on susceptible cultivar distinguished to the resistant genotypes.

Author(s) Details:

Shah Alam Khan,
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Crop Protection Sciences, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan.

Khwaja Junaid,
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Crop Protection Sciences, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIAS-V5/article/view/11207

Carbohydrate Accumulation in Different Wheat Cultivars for Elevated Temperature| Chapter 2 | Research Highlights in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 8

 Carbohydrate aggregation of three wheat cultivars namely BARI Gom 25, BARI Gom 26 and Pavon 76 on account of terminal heat stress were sown on two hotness regimes viz. normal (23 C in open field) and raised (6 ± 1 C higher equate to open field mean air temperature in polythene chamber) were conceived. Elevated temperatures lowered grain filling opportunity by 5 days in BARI Gom 25 and 26 and by 10 days in Pavon 76. Even though there was a best quantity of soluble carbohydrate in the grain, it was found that grain starch combination was terminated at 25 days after blooming (DAA) in Pavon 76 and appeared 5 days later (30 DAA) in BARI Gom 26. The verdicts show that early failure of sugar change to starch, alternatively a lack of soluble sugar under inflated temperature environments, is responsible for shorter piece filling event and smaller grain intensity in all grain cultivars.

Author(s) Details:

Soyema Khatun,
Crop Physiology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensing, Bangladesh.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHAS-V8/article/view/9258

Influence of Sowing Time on the Quality and Micronutrient Contents of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L): A Recent Study | Chapter 7 | Research Highlights in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 3

 Background Wheat is a chief crop that feeds millions of people, but its productivity is significantly reduced under high temperatures. Maintaining grain quality under climate change is critical for mortal nutrition, end- use functional parcels and commodity value.

objects The current study aimed at assessing the performance of 48 genotypes of wheat under two surroundingsi.e timely and late sown conditions, for assessment of mean performance, variability, correlation, and path analysis of quality and micronutrient traits.

Research Methodology The exploration was carried out in the experimental area of the Wheat and Barley Section, Department of Genetics and Plant parentage, CCSHAU, Hisar during 2019- 20. The assessment was done for 48 wheat genotypes under two temperature situations( timely and late sown terrain) in RBD design with three replications.

Results Heat stress caused a significant reduction in grain yield, grain appearance score, hectoliter weight, sedimentation value, iron and zinc content whereas an increase in crude protein, total gluten content, wet gluten content and total answerable sugar. In the present study, total answerable sugar, wet gluten content, total gluten content showed the loftiest values of variability, heritability and inheritable advance as of mean and therefore are the most important quantitative traits to be taken into consideration for effective selection. A positive correlation was seen between grain yield and hectoliter weight in timely sown terrain. Path analysis revealed the loftiest positive direct effect for hectoliter weight and sedimentation value in timely sown condition, while sedimentation value and iron content for late sown terrain and therefore in the process of selection important attention should be given to them as these characters are helpful for circular selection.

Conclusion A negative association between high yield and good quality should be an important target for the coming parentage sweats or to determine a quality parameter that performs constantly in both surroundings.

Author(s) Details:

Aashu,
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India.

Y. P. S. Solanki,
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India.

Divya Phougat,
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India.

Tanya Barpanda,
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Pune, MPKV, Rahuri, Maharashtra – 413722, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHAS-V3/article/view/8408

Effect of Terminal Water Stress on Phenological, Morpho-Physiological, and Yield and Its Attributing Traits of Bread Wheat Genotypes | Chapter 7 | Current Topics in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 4

 From December 2014 to April 2015, a field experiment with 50 bread genotypes was conducted at the Agriculture and Forestry University's Rampur research farm to determine the morpho-physiological traits, grain yield, and attributing traits in advanced lines and commercial varieties of bread wheat linked to drought tolerance. Under irrigated and drought conditions, the field experiment was conducted in an alpha lattice design with two replications. All genotypes differed considerably in both circumstances and growth conditions, according to the results of a combined analysis of variance and mean comparisons. When compared to irrigated settings, mean values of all morpho-physiological yield and its contributing factors showed that genotypes performed worse under drought stress. The genotype WK 2507 yielded the greatest (2.4 tons/ha) under drought stress, while the genotype WK 2513 yielded the least (0.095 tons/ha). The genotype WK 2437 yielded the greatest (2.94 tons/ha) in irrigated conditions, while the genotype WK 2523 yielded the least (0.272 tons/ha). In both dry and irrigated situations, however, genotypes WK 2525, WK 2507, Munal#1, and WK 2437 outperformed others in terms of grain output. For drought circumstances, WK 2507, WK 2503, and WK 2524 were promising lines. Grain yield has a substantial positive link with thousand-grain weight, according to correlation studies conducted under dry conditions. Under both dry and irrigated conditions, it exhibits a substantial negative connection with days to heading and flag leaf senescence.

Author(S) Details

Anil Poudel
Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal.

Surya Kant Ghimire
Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal.

Barun Dev Achraya
Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal.

Bishnu Raj Ojha
Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal.

Dhruba Bahadur Thapa
Agribotany Divisions, Wheat Breeding Unit, NARC, Kathmandu, Nepal.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CTAS-V4/article/view/5138

Study on Distribution Pattern of Pb among Plant Parts at Selected Growth Stages of Roadside Grown Wheat and Maize at Kadawa, Kano State| New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 5

 The purpose of this study was to understand the extension participation of National Horticulture Mission beneficiaries and to analyse the extent of participation of National Horticulture Mission beneficiaries in various extension programmes in all six blocks (taluks) of Davanagere district in Karnataka state, India. The sample size was 144 beneficiaries of the National Horticulture Mission from 24 villages who were chosen at random. For this study, an ex-post facto research design was used. According to the findings, family members (34.26 percent), neighbours (33.56 percent), friends and relatives (33.45 percent), and other service providers, fellow beneficiaries, and NHM workers are the most common sources of information for NHM recipients. Farm magazine (66.21 percent), radio (57.87 percent), newspapers (55.10 percent), internet source (44.44 percent), WhatsApp (42.36 percent), and mobile SMS (42.36 percent) are the top five sources of information (32.27 percent ). When it came to contacting extension professionals, 42.82 percent of recipients spoke with an agricultural assistant, 36.11 percent with an assistant agriculture officer, 30.09 percent with a veterinary officer, and 28.70 percent with an agriculture officer. According to the extended participation data, 33.45% of beneficiaries attended group meetings, 33.10 percent attended krishi melas, 31.02 percent attended field visits, and 28.47 percent attended training programmes. In all, 40.97 percent of recipients went to town or cities twice a week, 38.18 percent went once a week, and 16.67 percent went once every two weeks.

Author (S) Details

Anongo, M’ember Catherine

Environmental/Plant Protection, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University, Wukari, P.M.B. 1020, Taraba State, Nigeria. and Environmental Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University, Wukari, P.M.B. 1020, Taraba State, Nigeria.

D. N. Iortsuun

Plant Physiology and Ecology, Department of Biological Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

M. A. Tafida

Environmental/Plant Protection, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University, Wukari, P.M.B. 1020, Taraba State, Nigeria. and Environmental Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University, Wukari, P.M.B. 1020, Taraba State, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V5/article/view/4117

Uptake and Availability of Potassium and Nitrogen in Wheat as Influenced by their Split Application under Temperate Conditions of Kashmir: Experimental Investigation | Chapter 11 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 1

 An experiment was conducted at the University Research Farm, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar (J&K) to see how split potassium and nitrogen applications affected wheat uptake and availability. Three levels of potassium (K) @ 30 kg ha-1 [K1: 100 percent K as basal dosage –[recommended fertiliser dose (RFD)]; K2: split 50:50; K3: split 25:75] and five levels of nitrogen (N) @ 120 kg ha-1 [N1: 50:25:25 (RFD); N2: 25:75, N3: 25:50:25, N4:50:50, and N5: 0:75:25]. Over RFP in 2013-14 and 2014-15, using K in equal splits (basal + active tillering) boosted grain yield by 10.6% and 11.6 percent, straw output by 11.6 and 13.4%, K uptake by 17.2% and 18.8%, and N uptake by 16.4 and 17.2%, respectively. When administered in divided doses, the available K declined progressively with the suggested administration but remained constant. Crop growth, environmental safety, and crop production economics all benefit from proper nitrogen management. When RFP was used, the amount of accessible nitrogen in the soil stayed constant; however, when K was administered in splits, it decreased. N application in the ratios of 25:50:25 (basal + active tillering + booting) enhanced grain yield, straw yield, and total K and N uptake in both years. Furthermore, when N was supplied in three splits rather than two splits, soil K and N content declined, whereas it stayed constant following harvest of the second year crop. This shows that, in order to maintain soil N status, an increase in N dose may be required.

Author (S) Details

Sabia Akhter
SMS Agronomy, KVK Budgam, SKUAST K, Shalimar Srinagar, India.

Ambreen Nabi
SMS Vegetable Science, KVK Budgam, SKUAST K, Shalimar Srinagar, India.

Rukhsana Jan
SRF FOA, WADURA Sopore, KVK Budgam, SKUAST K, Shalimar Srinagar, India.

Vaseem Yousuf
SMS Plant Protection, KVK Budgam, SKUAST K, Shalimar Srinagar, India.

Khurshid Ahmad Sofi
SMS Plant Protection, KVK Budgam, SKUAST K, Shalimar Srinagar, India.

Mir Nadeem
SMS Soil Science, KVK Budgam, SKUAST K, Shalimar Srinagar, India.

Iram Farooq
SMS Animal Sciences, KVK Budgam, SKUAST K, Shalimar Srinagar, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V1/article/view/3179