Assessing the Drought Years for Rainfall Data through Precipitation Index-Rainfall Anomaly Index | Chapter 8 | Research Advances in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 10

The climate indices of the Rainfall Anomaly Index and mean deviation methods are used to identify drought years and wet years over both spatial and temporal on the time scale. The rainfall data from 1979-2019 was collected from CRIDA, Hyderabad for the hilly Zone in Karnataka state in India. In Hilly Zone, the dry years occurred for 19 years. Extreme drought occurred in 2016, 2001, 2002, 2015, 2003, 1987 and 2017 (< -3 RAI). With climate issues high on the global agenda, the potential role of efficient water management in drought-affected areas in climate change adaptation is attracting widespread attention among state and national governments. RAI is used to assess and identify droughts, drought severity and variability by comparing with some established arbitrary value.

 

Author (s) Details

Seedari Ujwala Rani
Regional Agricultural Research Station, Chintapalli, ANGRAU, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

Modem Ravi Kishore
DAATTC, Kurnool, ANGRAU, Andhra Pradesh, India.

N. Sunanda
Agricultural College, Naira, ANGRAU, Andhra Pradesh, India.

A. Appalaswamy
Regional Agricultural Research Station, Chintapalli, ANGRAU, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

N. Sri Vidya Rani
KVK, Vonipenta, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/raeges/v10/2594

Microbial Diversity in Drought-Tolerant Sorghum Rhizobacteria | Chapter 7 | Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 9

Little is known about the soil microbial diversity and the potential contribution of this microbial diversity to global biogeochemical cycling. Water deficit is the most common stress affecting plant growth in arid and semiarid regions. In the present investigation the microbial diversity particularly bacteria in the moisture stress (drought) soil environment depends on the types of host plant root on which these bacterial types colonize have been studied. Total 81 bacterial colonies isolated from sorghum and allied weed plants viz, Cassia cerassia, Fimbristylis miliacea, Argemone mexicana, Chrozophoro rottleri, Fumaria parviflora and Euphorbia esula using NA media. Out of which 42 were obtained as root endophytic isolates whereas 39 isolates were obtained as root ectophytic isolates. Soil samples were collected at the time of collection of root samples to determine the moisture stress status of the soil from the same fields having vertisols soil texture. All these endophytic and ectophytic bacterial culture were able to grow in in vitro condition at 13% soil moisture level indicating that they sustain the severe drought condition in soil. From this work it can be concluded that these moisture stress tolerant bacteria would be present and sustain under drought stress condition.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Kalindee S. Shinde
Department of Plant Pathology and Agricultural Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil, College of Agriculture, Talsande, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpmab/v9/3994

Changes in Antioxidant Capacities and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities during Drought Stress in the Germination Period of Madura Local Corn Seeds (Zea mays L.) | Chapter 9 | Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 7

Drought, antioxidant, germination, maize, polyethylene-glycolOne of the major environmental factors of plant growth and productivity is drought stress. A plant that grows under drought stress can have an adverse physiological, biochemical, and morphological effect. It is involved in metabolic responses such as signaling, physiological regulation, and defense responses. The effect of various polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentrations on induced drought stress on the antioxidant capacities and antioxidant enzyme activities was investigated on Madura local maize during germination. Seed samples were treated under 5%, 10%, and 15% of PEG for 6 days. The changes in the antioxidant capacities such as 2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and hydroxyl radical scavenging; antioxidant enzyme activities including catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and gene expression were observed during seeds germination. The result showed that the antioxidant activity capacities and enzymes exhibited significantly higher levels in drought-treated conditions. The most effective level of drought stress to elevate the capabilities and enzyme activity of antioxidants, as well as its gene expression, was observed at 15% PEG, whereas ABTS scavenging activity was increased by 20% over the control, hydroxyl scavenging activity up to 14%, CAT and APX activity increased 4 - 5 times over the control. Along with the presence of antioxidant mechanisms, including the capacities and activities of different types of ABTS⁺, hydroxyl, CAT, and APX, might play important roles during the germination phase and be able to manage reactive oxygen species to the normal level under stress conditions. It was concluded that the germination seeds could be used as natural antioxidant agents, and drought could improve antioxidant levels, so this information is beneficial for broader cultivation on suboptimal land.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Agnes Rezkyta Herwang Dani
Graduate School of Biotechnology, Jember University, Jember, Indonesia.

 

Tri Agus Siswoyo
Graduate School of Biotechnology, Jember University, Jember, Indonesia and The Center of Excellence on Crop Industrial Biotechnology, University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpas/v7/4029

Enhancing Drought Tolerance in Sorghum Plants through Bacterial Inoculation: A Study on Water Retention and Stomatal Conductance | Chapter 8 | Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 9

 The study evaluates the impact of moisture stress tolerant bacterial inoculants on the relative water content and stomatal conductance of sorghum leaves under drought conditions. Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses that adversely affects majority of the world’s crop growth and productivity. The relative water content (RWC) and stomatal conductance (SC) in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor, L.) leaves were assessed under water stress condition by sorghum seed priming with Serratia marcescens strain L1SC8, Pseudomonas putida strain L3SC1, Enterobacter cloacae strain L1CcC1 and Serratia marcescens strain L2FmA4. RWC was higher in leaves of seed priming plants. Water stress resulted in decreased RWC of plant leaves. Seed priming with Serratia marcescens strain L1SC8 showed higher RWC over untreated control followed by Enterobacter cloacae strain L1CcC1. However SC decreased in seed primed stressed plants leaves compared to non-primed stressed plant leaves. Pseudomonas putida strain L3SC1 showed lowest SC as compared to other treatments and control. All the bacterial inoculant increases the RWC. The increase in RWC was statistically significant over control. Thus, the moisture stress tolerant bacterial inoculants sustain the drought condition by increasing the RWC in plant. Thus, seed priming with moisture stress tolerant bacterial cultures increase the RWC while decrease the SC which was the major attributing factors for drought tolerance in sorghum. The findings provide valuable insights into potential strategies for enhancing drought tolerance in crop plants, with implications for agricultural productivity in water- stressed environments. Additionally, the study contributes to the understanding of the role of microbial inoculation in inducing physiological changes in plants to cope with water stress, which is a topic of increasing interest in agricultural research.

Author(s) Details:

Kalindee S. Shinde,
Department of Plant Pathology and Agricultural Microbiology, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri-413722, Maharashtra, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAMB/article/view/13227

Collective Studies on Evapotranspiration, Drought Propagation, Catchment Modelling, and Changes in Ice/Snow and Forest | Book Publisher International

 A few key processes or ideas in hydrology and environmental changes have been intentional collectively by colleagues, as recaped in this joined book. Chapters 1-3 illustrated calculation or judgment methods for lake dissolution, forest interception and happening. Chapters 4-5 introduced labeling and characterization methods for hydrological dryness propagation. Chapter 6-7 presented few examples of applying catchment models. Chapter 8-12 bestowed studies of long-term changes in hail cover and phenology. Chapers 13-14 introdued briefly fertilizer effect on dissoved basic carbon in forest, and woodland fire characterization.

Author(s) Details:

Huaxia Yao,
Department of Agricultural Economic and Animal Production, University of Limpopo, South Africa.

Jiefeng Wu,
Graduate School of Business Leadership (SBL), University of South Africa, South Africa and ACASA (Association of China-Africa Small-holder Agriculture), South Africa.

Xingwei Chen,
DFAS Center Pty Ltd, South Africa.

Dejian Zhang,
College of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CSEDPCMCISF/article/view/10345

A Textbook of Stress Crop Production | Book Publisher International

 Plant stresses are individual of the major restraints to crop production and drink security general. Stress is regarded as something that lowers crop yields in the sophistication of crops. The abrupt and expeditious changes in the climate about the world have fashioned the problem bad. To put it another habit, a stress is an outside event that causes crop yields to drop from their maximum level to a lower individual. Stress has a negative impact on a number of semantic, biochemical, and physiological processes that are carefully related to plant development and productivity. Low hotness, high temperature, water deficiency, excess water, water containing salt, mechanical resistance, and environmental pollution are some of ultimate significant stresses on plants that have a meaningful impact on crop incident and output. For better administration, it is crucial to include the physiological, biochemical, and environmental actions affiliated to these stresses. Morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses maybe broadened to circumscribe a wide range of plant responses to miscellaneous challenges. It's interesting that this book gives a all-encompassing overview of by what method plants react to provocation, paying particular attention to the correspondences and contrasts. The proposed chapters will still focus on up-to-date breeding methods that can be used to enhance plant responsiveness to stress. In the future, a whole strategy that allows for possibility the many management approaches to address Plant stress together might be a win-win plan.

Author(s) Details:

Shikhar Verma,
Department of Agronomy, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Nawabganj, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Mausmi Rastogi,
Department of Agronomy, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Modipuram, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.

. Anjali,
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Modipuram, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Jyotiprakash Mishra,
District Agro-Met Unit, KVK Mayurbhanj-1, Odisha, India.

Shivam Verma,
Central Bank of India, Ministry of Finance, Govt. of India, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ATSCP/article/view/8820

Global Health Resilience Building: A Population Health Equity Approach to the Agro-Pastoralist Community in Drought Affected Ethiopia | Chapter 5 | Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 1

Africa has been plagued by devastating droughts for many years. Ethiopia is the worst-hit nation since livestock and rain-fed agriculture make up the majority of its GDP. Nearly 85% of the nation's income comes from the agricultural sector. Over 15 million agro-pastoralists, who manage the bulk of Africa's cattle, have had their health and agricultural economies jeopardised by the drought. Foreign help may provide a short-term respite, but the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction places a higher priority on proactive action to build resilience in those who are impacted. By investigating the factors, their effects on the varied health outcomes for the population sub-groups, and tackling health disparity, a population health equity approach can serve the goal of enhancing the general health of the population. The disadvantaged agro-pastoralist population in Ethiopia needed effective policies and interventions to increase health resilience, therefore our goal was to identify the key population health outcomes, underlying causes, and actionable lever points. We used the PRISMA and Hamilton tools, respectively, to compile the data and judge its quality. To assemble the data, we used the WHO's frameworks for socioeconomic determinants of health and health equity as well as disaster vulnerability. Our results demonstrated that researchers looked at socioeconomic, political, and cultural backgrounds to identify policy and leverage areas for efficient population health interventions. The primary determinants of health, such as access to the market economy, dependency on livestock, household productivity or income, infrastructure, health systems, disaster preparedness, and food security, affect a wide range of health concerns. These characteristics are influenced by the social, political, and cultural settings. Even in the face of significant vulnerability and health disparities, current public health field methods have produced some policy solution possibilities. The suggested interventions may be influenced by an interdisciplinary community health strategy to have the maximum impact on health resilience. Evidence from the worst drought niche in Africa can assist in addressing similar drought-related health issues in other regions of the continent.

Author (s) Details:

Selim M. Khan,
Interdisciplinary Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 25 University Private, Ottawa, Canada.

James Gomes,
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 25 University Private, Ottawa, Canada Correspondence: Selim Khan, Interdisciplinary Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 25 University Private, Ottawa, K1N 7K4, ON, Canada.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CODHR-V1/article/view/7425

Screening of Soybean Genotypes against Drought on the Basis of Gene-Linked Microsatellite Markers | Chapter 04 | Innovations in Science and Technology Vol. 3

 Because of its enormous contribution as a vegetable oil and protein in the human diet, soybean is considered an important crop. Nonetheless, because to the usual occurrence of drought-related stress, its output has been exaggeratedly reduced. In this study, a total of 12 SSR molecular markers were used to screen 53 soybean genotypes in order to assess the efficacy of existing markers in genetic diversity analysis as well as their validation based on their association with drought tolerant genes. The largest genetic diversity (0.6629) was observed with marker Satt520, while the lowest (0.0370) was observed with marker Satt557, with an average of 0.3746. With a mean worth of 0.3063, the greatest PIC value was 0.5887, which was prearranged by related markers such as Satt520, and the lowest 0.0363 by Satt557. Some potential drought resistant genotypes, such as JS97-52 and JS95-60, were able to be distinguished from the rest of the genotypes using a dendrogram created using the banding profile of utilised markers. The current study's findings may aid in the development of drought-tolerant soybean to bread cultivars in the future.

Author(S) Details

Nishi Mishra
Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002,India.

M. K. Tripathi
Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002,India.

Niraj Tripathi
Directorate of Research Services, Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, Jabalpur 482004, India.

Sushma Tiwari
Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002,India.

Neha Gupta
Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002,India.

Akash Sharma
Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002,India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IST-V3/article/view/5455

Effect of Terminal Water Stress on Phenological, Morpho-Physiological, and Yield and Its Attributing Traits of Bread Wheat Genotypes | Chapter 7 | Current Topics in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 4

 From December 2014 to April 2015, a field experiment with 50 bread genotypes was conducted at the Agriculture and Forestry University's Rampur research farm to determine the morpho-physiological traits, grain yield, and attributing traits in advanced lines and commercial varieties of bread wheat linked to drought tolerance. Under irrigated and drought conditions, the field experiment was conducted in an alpha lattice design with two replications. All genotypes differed considerably in both circumstances and growth conditions, according to the results of a combined analysis of variance and mean comparisons. When compared to irrigated settings, mean values of all morpho-physiological yield and its contributing factors showed that genotypes performed worse under drought stress. The genotype WK 2507 yielded the greatest (2.4 tons/ha) under drought stress, while the genotype WK 2513 yielded the least (0.095 tons/ha). The genotype WK 2437 yielded the greatest (2.94 tons/ha) in irrigated conditions, while the genotype WK 2523 yielded the least (0.272 tons/ha). In both dry and irrigated situations, however, genotypes WK 2525, WK 2507, Munal#1, and WK 2437 outperformed others in terms of grain output. For drought circumstances, WK 2507, WK 2503, and WK 2524 were promising lines. Grain yield has a substantial positive link with thousand-grain weight, according to correlation studies conducted under dry conditions. Under both dry and irrigated conditions, it exhibits a substantial negative connection with days to heading and flag leaf senescence.

Author(S) Details

Anil Poudel
Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal.

Surya Kant Ghimire
Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal.

Barun Dev Achraya
Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal.

Bishnu Raj Ojha
Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal.

Dhruba Bahadur Thapa
Agribotany Divisions, Wheat Breeding Unit, NARC, Kathmandu, Nepal.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CTAS-V4/article/view/5138

Role of Biochemical and Antioxidant Enzymes Activities in Drought Tolerance in Soybean: A Recent Study | Chapter 8 | Current Topics in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 3

 Biochemical profiling, anti-oxidant enzyme activity, and protein profiling were used to split soybean genotypes into two groups. Based on several biochemical and antioxidant enzyme activity investigation among 53 genotypes, drought tolerance traits were found in three genotypes: JS97-52, RVS-14, and JS95-60. The findings could help enhance soybean genotypes by allowing for the development of drought-tolerant genotypes using both conventional and molecular breeding methods. These findings also laid the groundwork for more research into the drought tolerance mechanism in soybean crops using modern biotechnological technology.

Author(S) Details

N. Mishra
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002, India.

M. K. Tripathi
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002, India.

N. Tripathi
Directorate of Research Services, Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, Jabalpur 482004, India.

S. Tiwari
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002, India.

N. Gupta
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002, India.

A. Sharma
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002, India.

M. K. Shrivastav
Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, Jabalpur 482004, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CTAS-V3/article/view/4629

Assessing the Characterization of Climate Variability: Case of Watershed Medjerda (North East of Algeria)| Chapter 3 | Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 1

 The global community has been pushed by several recent large-scale climate events to take an interest in climate change and its effects on water supplies. Among them, we can cite the droughts that have affected the Maghreb countries , particularly since the 1970s in Algeria. This study takes advantage of some statistical methods to interpret the spatiotemporal variability of precipitation for a period of 19 to 38 years at 16 rainfall stations located in the Medjerda (North East of Algeria) watershed. In the span of 1980 and 1990, there was an observed break when evaluating such sequence. Accordingly , the results of the mapping of the interannual rainfall indices calculated per decade over the period 1971-2007 show that the 80th and 90th decades appear to be a deficit across the basin. For the period (2001-2007), a trend towards a return of precipitation is thus noted. On the monthly scale, after years of failure for the winter months and spring, precipitation increased dramatically, Along with the The March Exception. An extraordinary concentration of rainfall in the month of August is observed. At the The study of daily rainfall fractions on a daily basis indicates a pattern in the rise in the average After years of failure, the average annual rainfall is greater than 20 mm. The Medjerda basin is also considered to have a Reduced precipitation and temperature rise over a period from (1913-1938) to (1969-1969) It's 2007).

Author (s) Details

Dr. Wacila Khoualdia
Laboratoire de Gestion, Maintenance et Réhabilitation des Equipements et des Infrastructures Urbaines Université Mohamed

View Book :-  https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/305

Studies on the Response of Silicon on Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Membrane Stability, Plant Water Status and Yield of Rice Genotypes under Drought | Chapter 10 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 3

 

A field experiment was conducted at the Department of Rice, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, during the 2017 Kharif season to study the effect of silicon on membrane stability, plant water status and yield of rice genotypes under drought. Maximum membrane stability index (MSI) (93.1) was observed in CB06803 and minimum (86.2) was observed in CB08702 under control when drought-related Sahbhagidhan retained maximum MSI (79.8) with lower Malondialdehyde (MDA) content (0.68 μmol g-1) and lower MSI (67.6) with lower (MDA) content (1.75 μmol g-1) in IR64. Silicon foliar spray (Silixol 0.6 percent) under drought increased the MSI in Sahbhagidhan to maximum (88.4), wherein CB13805 was observed at minimum (78.7). In the aspect of plant water status, a greater decrease of 18 percent in RWC under drought, with lower the reduction in drought tolerant check Sahbhagidhan (14.5 percent ). Foliar spray of silicon (Silixol 0.6 percent ) under drought increased the RWC by 12 percent with The rise in genotype CB13805 (16.3 percent) was greater. However, higher osmotic potential adjustment was observed in genotype CB12702 (0.674) under drought, while foliar silicon spray (Silixol 0.6 percent) under drought reduced osmotic adjustment with a higher shift in genotype CB06803 followed by susceptible IR64 regulation. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were significantly increased by 11 percent, 6 percent, 6.7 percent and 7.7 percent in Fv / Fm, Y (II), ETR and qP over drought by foliar silicon spray (Silixol 0.6 percent) under drought. Non-Photochemical Quenching (NPQ) increased by 48% in drought, but silicon foliar spray (Silixol 0.6%) increased by 48% in drought. The drought has limited NPQ. With 30 percent under drought, a limited grain yield per plant was observed,  For genotype CB13804, a reduction (1.9 percent) was observed. Silicon (Silixol 0.6 percent) foliar spray below Drought increased by 23% with a higher increase (43%) in genotype CB12702 per plant yield. The silicon foliar spray (Silixol 0.6 percent) under drought improved the foliar spray under drought, regardless of the genotypes.  In the genotypes above, membrane stability and plant water status indicate its significance for  Reducing the effects of drought and improving the rice mechanism for drought tolerance. The aggregate outcome  The study showed that drought has a dramatic effect on the rice reproductive level, which is Relieved by the application of silicon, which increases membrane stability, plant water Attributes of rank and yield. A drought tolerant search performed better on drought by Sahbhagi Dhan State and everything in foliar application under drought of silicon as well. CB12702, CB06803 genotypes and Even in the absence of silicon use, CB13804 showed better performance in drought, while with These two CB13805 genotypes also demonstrate better performance with silicon foliar spray underneath. Drought may be due to changes in the various physiological and metabolic pathways through the silicon presence.

Author (s) Details

N. Gokulraj
Department of Crop Physiology, Tamilnadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641003, India.

Dr. N. V. Ravichandran,
Department of Crop Physiology, Tamilnadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641003, India.


P. Boominathan
Department of Crop Physiology, Tamilnadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641003, India
R. P. Soundararajan
Department of Rice, Tamilnadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641003, India.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/274