Application of Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT) in Resolving Hydrological Problems of a Semi Arid Hard Rock Terrain of Southern India | Chapter 8 | Science and Technology: Developments and Applications Vol. 4

Electrical resistivity is a measure of how strongly a material opposes the flow of electric current. The basic concept of Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) was first described by Lytle and Dines as a combination of traditional electrical probing (introduced by the Schlumberger brothers) and the new data inversion methods of tomography. ERT has been used in association with several geohydrological, geotechnical and geophysical methods in resolving several site-specific problems in hydrological science. Advancement in the field of computers and automation in the field of electronics has jointly resulted in the development of this geophysical innovation which has wide application in groundwater, environmental and engineering problems. In this paper, the application of ERT in association with geohydrological and other exploration methods in resolving the groundwater sustainability problem of a micro-watershed area in semi-arid hard rock terrain is presented as four independent cases. Under the project of sustainable groundwater development for rural water supply in a fluoride- endemic semi-arid region of southern India, a watershed area of ~2 sqkm was selected for a pilot-scale study. Certain site-specific problems in the study area were encountered, which were attempted and understood using ERT in close association with different surface geophysical techniques and hydrological test results. Further, investigation in depth with a closed grid for better resolution of the shallow horizon was attempted in integration. In a hard rock terrain, the probability of complexities in understanding the sub-surface lithology and its corresponding hydrological parameters is higher. Hence appropriate resistivity survey configuration and suitable inversion of acquired data in congregation with other geo-scientific investigations were carried out to understand the site-specific problem. The study demonstrated four (4) independent cases showing the usefulness of the ERT method in hydrological investigations, which is economical, efficient and less time-consuming in comparison to the other exploration methods. The study concluded that geophysics plays a major role in understanding the subsurface. With scientific advancements in instrumentation, data acquisition has improved in depth and accuracy.

 

Author (s) Details

Rolland Andrade
Central Water & Power Research Station, Pune-24, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/stda/v4/4206 

A Comprehensive Analysis of Pixel-level Rainfall Datasets for the Indian Region: Identification of Optimal Rainfall Datasets | Chapter 2 | Emerging Issues in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 2

 The objective concerning this study is to label the rainfall datasets for India that deliver highest in rank results at the pixel level. Rain is moisture that have condensed from atmospheric water fumes and then fall under importance. Rainfall is a dynamic process and is uniformly changing in form and force as it passes over a likely area.  The Indian Meteorological Department's (IMD) gridded dossier are utilized in this work to attempt skill versification analysis on seven commonly secondhand rainfall datasets, containing GPM, CRU, CHIRPS, GLDAS, PERSIANN-CDR, SM2RAIN, and TerraClimate. The rule-based resolution tree techniques are working on the obtained ability metrics reasoning values to find the good-performing precipitation dataset at each pixel advantage among all the datasets used. The momentary analysis (in two together month- and period-wise scales) suggests that GPM is a good-operating dataset. This analysis recognized the good-performing datasets in 3428-pel locations out of 4641-pel locations in India. The pel-wise analysis tells that GPM correlated well accompanying the IMD dataset in 3105 pixels out of 4641 pixels, inasmuch as TerraClimate correlated well only 1579 pixels. Among the seven chosen datasets, this reasoning found highest in rank dataset for each pel. PERSIANN-CDR, followed by CHIRPS, and finally the GPM dataset, frequently scores as a good-performing fit. The TerraClimate dataset is the slightest valuable at the pixel level despite bearing a better resolution. For hydrologic and land applications that support tenable development, this research will help in the selection of high-quality dataset at a pixel of India.

Author(s) Details:

Vasala Saicharan,
Department of Water Resources and Ocean Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal 575025, India.

Shwetha Hassan Rangaswamy,
Department of Water Resources and Ocean Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal 575025, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIEGES-V2/article/view/12189

Collective Studies on Evapotranspiration, Drought Propagation, Catchment Modelling, and Changes in Ice/Snow and Forest | Book Publisher International

 A few key processes or ideas in hydrology and environmental changes have been intentional collectively by colleagues, as recaped in this joined book. Chapters 1-3 illustrated calculation or judgment methods for lake dissolution, forest interception and happening. Chapters 4-5 introduced labeling and characterization methods for hydrological dryness propagation. Chapter 6-7 presented few examples of applying catchment models. Chapter 8-12 bestowed studies of long-term changes in hail cover and phenology. Chapers 13-14 introdued briefly fertilizer effect on dissoved basic carbon in forest, and woodland fire characterization.

Author(s) Details:

Huaxia Yao,
Department of Agricultural Economic and Animal Production, University of Limpopo, South Africa.

Jiefeng Wu,
Graduate School of Business Leadership (SBL), University of South Africa, South Africa and ACASA (Association of China-Africa Small-holder Agriculture), South Africa.

Xingwei Chen,
DFAS Center Pty Ltd, South Africa.

Dejian Zhang,
College of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CSEDPCMCISF/article/view/10345