Preparation of Wound Healing Hydrogels Based on Silicon, Iron, Zinc, and Boron Glycerolates: Toxicological Profile, Hemostatic and Antimicrobial Effects | Chapter 8| Pharmaceutical Science: New Insights and Developments Vol. 5

Treating wounds and their rapid healing is considered an important topic in ancient and modern research. The use of hydrogels is a promising strategy for achieving hemostasis and wound healing. Sol-gel synthesis is one of the methods for obtaining hydrogels. An innovative direction in sol-gel synthesis is the use of biogenic element polyolates (glycerolates) as biocompatible precursors with a wide range of pharmacological activity. It was shown that hydrogels based on silicon, iron, zinc, and boron glycerolates are non-toxic, and exhibit pronounced hemostatic activity, as well as antimicrobial activity, which is more pronounced for silicon-iron-zinc-boron and silicon-iron-boron glycerolate hydrogels. The results obtained indicate that these glycerolate hydrogels are potential hemostatic and antibiotic-independent antimicrobial agents for topical wound healing applications in medical and veterinary practice.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Tat’yana Khonina

Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620108 Ekaterinburg, Russia and Soil Science, Agroecology and Chemistry Department, Ural State Agrarian University, 620075 Ekaterinburg, Russia.

 

Semyon Alekseenko
Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620108 Ekaterinburg, Russia.

 

Elena Shadrina
Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620108 Ekaterinburg, Russia.

 

Il’ya Ganebnykh
Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620108 Ekaterinburg, Russia.

 

Alexander Mekhaev
Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620108 Ekaterinburg, Russia.

 

Leonid Larionov
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology Department, Ural State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 620028 Ekaterinburg, Russia.

 

Maria Dobrinskaya
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology Department, Ural State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 620028 Ekaterinburg, Russia.

 

Nadezhda Izmozherova
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology Department, Ural State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 620028 Ekaterinburg, Russia.

Irina Antropova
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology Department, Ural State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 620028 Ekaterinburg, Russia.

Maxim Karabanalov
Institute of New Materials and Technologies, Ural Federal University, 620062 Ekaterinburg, Russia.

 

Muza Kokhan
Ural Research Institute for Dermatology, Venereology and Immunopathology, 620076 Ekaterinburg, Russia.

 

Natali’ya Evstigneeva
Ural Research Institute for Dermatology, Venereology and Immunopathology, 620076 Ekaterinburg, Russia.

 

Oleg Chupakhin
Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620108 Ekaterinburg, Russia and Institute of New Materials and Technologies, Ural Federal University, 620062 Ekaterinburg, Russia.

 

Muza Kokhan

Ural Research Institute for Dermatology, Venereology and Immunopathology, 620076 Ekaterinburg, Russia.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/psnid/v5/5149

One Idea for Preparation of Solidified Oxide Eutectic Film by Controlling Chemical Reaction between the Melt and Substrate | Chapter 7 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Developments and Innovations Vol. 10

A preparation method for solidified eutectic film with good adhesion between the film and substrate by controlling the chemical reaction between the base material and the melt is described. As an example, Al₂O₃-HfO₂ eutectic solidification film was formed on a SiC substrate. Al₂O₃-HfO₂ eutectic EBC film is prepared by the optical zone melting method on the silicon carbide substrate. At high temperatures, a small amount of silicon carbide decomposes into silicon and carbon. The components of Al₂O₃ and HfO₂ in the molten phase also react with the free carbon. The Al₂O₃ phase reacts with free carbon, leading to the formation of AlO vapor species. The composition of the molten phase becomes HfO₂ rich from the eutectic composition. HfO₂ phase also reacts with the free carbon and HfC phase is formed on the silicon carbide substrate; then a high-density intermediate layer is formed. The adhesion between the intermediate layer and the substrate is excellent by an anchor effect. When the solidification process is finished before all of the HfO₂ phase is reduced to the HfC phase, HfC-HfO₂ functionally graded layer is formed on the silicon carbide substrate and the Al₂O₃-HfO₂ eutectic structure grows from the top of the intermediate layer. This process can be applied to different oxide eutectic systems that include HfO₂ and/or ZrO₂ phase such as CaZrO₃-ZrO₂ and Ln₂Zr₂O₇-ZrO₂ eutectic systems.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Kyosuke Seya
College of Engineering, Nihon University, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8642, Japan.

 

Shunkichi Ueno
College of Engineering, Nihon University, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8642, Japan.

 

Byung-Koog Jang
National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsdi/v10/4326

Examining the Effects of Constituents in Paste on Low Light Performances of Silicon Solar Cells| Chapter 3 | Recent Progress in Science and Technology Vol. 2

 Practically talking, solar cell act under low light conditions is more important for overall power era capacity. Previous research has proved that at low light intensities, the effectiveness and maximum output of solar containers with depressed shunt opposition decrease. In contrast, our study has shown the impact of paste or jug frit as paste elements on solar containers using the buoyant contact method's open-circuit potential as well as shunts and recombination. The belongings of the glass frit in the glue on the cell performance in depressed light, however, are still not completely evident. As a result, the impacts of the mirror frit itself on the cell conduct in low light are examined in this place work. This is due to the reality that, despite being a essential component of the silver paste that contacts the cosmic cells electrically, the belongings of the glass frit on container performance are still confused. In conclusion, the glass frit itself lowers the solar cell conducts at low light intensities by generating shunts and recombination, especially open-boundary voltage and fill determinant. As a result, the effects of paste elements on shunts and recombination are crucial for two together the solar cell depictions at 1 sun and the performances at depressed light intensities.

Author(s) Details:

Takayuki Aoyama,
Noritake Co. Limited, 300, Higashiyama, Miyoshi-Cho, Miyoshi, Aichi, 470-0293, Japan.

Mari Aoki,
Asada Mesh Co. Ltd., 23-7, Shindo-4, Matsubara, Osaka, 580-0015, Japan.

Isao Sumita,
Asada Mesh Co. Ltd., 23-7, Shindo-4, Matsubara, Osaka, 580-0015, Japan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPST-V2/article/view/9234

Study on Assessment of Silicon and Nitrogen Fertilization on Plant and Soil Nutrition and Rice Yield Grown in Typic Ustifluvent Soil | Chapter 2 | Current Topics in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 3

 The goal of this study is to see how silicon and nitrogen treatment affects the chemical nutrition of plants and soil in Typic Ustifluvent soil.

Introduction: Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plants, as it is required for photosynthesis, growth and development, rice yield, quality, and biomass. Silicon interacts well with other applied nutrients, improving their agronomic performance and yield response efficiency.

Factorial RBD was used in this study.

Study Location and Duration: Farmers in Kuttalam Block, Mayiladuthurai district, participated in field trials. For two seasons, the experiment was carried out.

Field tests were carried out in farmers' fields during the kuruvai and samba seasons. The treatments include silicon levels of 0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1, as well as nitrogen levels of 0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1, using rice vars. ADT43 and CR1009 as test crops. At harvest, the grain and straw yields were recorded. The nutritional content of grain and straw samples was determined, and the associated uptake was computed. The nutritional level of soil samples was determined at various physiological stages.

The results showed that graded doses of nitrogen and silicon applied alone or in combination resulted in a considerable increase in rice production when compared to the control. With 150 kg N / ha + 150 kg Si / ha, rice yields peaked (5600, 6786 kg ha-1) and straw yields peaked (6811, 8031 kg ha-1). However, 150 kg N / ha + 100 kg Si / ha and 100 kg N / ha + 150 kg Si / ha were equal. The rate of absorption increased as nitrogen and silicon levels increased. With 150 kg N / ha + 150 kg Si / ha, the maximum nutrient absorption was reported. It was similar to 150 kg of nitrogen per hectare and 100 kg of silicon per hectare. With higher N and Si levels, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and silicon increased. When nitrogen and silicon were sprayed at 150 kg/ha, the greatest available N, P, K, and Si were obtained.

Conclusion: For maximum yield of rice grown in low nitrogen and silicon soils, a combined application of 150 kg N/ha and 150 kg Si/ha is advised.

Author(S) Details

P. Aravinth Kumar
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608002, India.

M. V. Sriramachandrasekharan
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608002, India.

T. Muthukumararaja
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608002, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CTAS-V3/article/view/4618

Analysis of Spectral Reflectance of Layers Formed by Anodic Etching of Silicon | Chapter 10 | Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 10

 In several applications in optoelectronics and photovoltaics, porous silicon structures are employed to reduce spectrum reflectance.

We were able to make porous silicon structures by anodizing p-type silicon substrates. Various etching conditions, such as electrical potential, current, and etching duration, were used in the forming procedure. The sample structures are influenced by the forming conditions. The result is inhomogeneous structures with varying microstructures and optical characteristics. In our method, we investigate the optical properties by including the effective medium approximation theory into a theoretical model of sample spectral reflectance. The thickness of produced layers, dielectric functions, and volume fractions of structural components were recovered using an optimised spectral reflectance model. The optical analysis results match the microstructure evolution during sample formation.

Author (s) Details

Stanislav Jurecka
Institute of Aurel Stodola, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Žilina, Nálepku 1390, 03101 Liptovský Mikuláš, Slovak Republic.

Martin Králik
Institute of Aurel Stodola, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Žilina, Nálepku 1390, 03101 Liptovský Mikuláš, Slovak Republic.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CASTR-V10/article/view/2340

Innovative Silicon Solutions in the Field of Renewable Energy | Chapter 10 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 5

 The continuous technical process of generating «solar» silicon granules and nanosilicon powder is investigated using the plasma pyrolysis of monosilane technique. Decomposition takes 210-5 seconds at 1800oC, for example. Monosilane breakdown occurs at a distance of 2 cm at a plasma velocity of around 1000 m/s. At useful plasmatron power W = 100 kW, volume ratio VAr/VH2 = 0.2/0.8, and reaction zone length L = 0.06 m, the energy consumption is computed as min QSi = 1.69 kWh/kg Si, GSi = 50 kg/h Si, and GSi = 50 kg/h Si. The interaction of monosilane with a plasma jet was used to represent the steady-state cooling and condensation of silicon vapours and molten silicon droplets. it has been considered The impact observed when the condensation reactor is coupled with the granulator, i.e. where the mechanisms of condensation of silicon vapours into a liquid film and conversion of flow of this film into a droplet one occur simultaneously on its working surface, leads to the formation of a new condenser – granulator concept. Turbulent thermal plasma fluxes are used to make nanopowder. With this technology, high-efficiency equipment for continuous manufacture of low-cost silicon for photovoltaics and materials required for future generations of Lithium-ion batteries might be developed with minimal capital and operational costs.

Author(s) Details

Petrov Stanislav
The Gas Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.

Korzhyk Volodymyr
The E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V5/article/view/2091

Analysing the Effect of Coffee Husk Compost on Soil Quality and Yield of Radish Green (Raphanus sativus var. caudatus) Under Greenhouse Conditions| Chapter 11 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 11

 Plant development has a strong influence on nutrient imbalance. Estimating nutrient requirements for radish green (Raphanus sativus var. caudatus) is critical in optimizing compost. Radish greens are high in nutrients, which are essential for good health. Compost, as we all know, is an organic fertilizer that has been shown to improve soil quality and plant yield. Recently, silicon (Si) has been shown to have a positive effect on plant yield in both normal and stress conditions. Based on the above, we conducted silicon (Si) was mixed with coffee husk compost in normal conditions with the goal of improving soil nutrient and radish green yield. The experimental units were displayed in pots in greenhouse conditions. with various dosages; Treatments included 100 g soil (T = control), 99 g soil + 1 g compost (1%) and 97 g soil + 3 g compost (3%) in the absence (-Si) and presence (+Si) of silicon at a concentration of 1 ppm SiO2 in 15 ml before sowing with two replications. Soil samples were collected at harvest time (day 21) and tested for pH, EC, magnesium, calcium, potassium, phosphorus, and cation exchange capacity. Dry weight, stem height, leaf area, and root length were counted to obtain agronomic data. The results showed that applying 3% in the absence of Si (Si-) could increase soil nutrients such as magnesium (Mg) of 1.59 percent, potassium (K) of 4.53 percent, phosphorus (P) of 371.90 mg/100 g, and nitrogen (N). 50.58 meq/100 g cation exchange capacity (CEC). The maximum stem height, leaf area, and root length were 11.48 cm, 1.24 cm, and 4.02 cm, respectively. This study found that the highest level of soil nutrient correlates with the highest level of plant yield. However, the presence of silicon (Si+) has an inhibitory effect on plant growth. This could imply that a lower concentration of liquid Si mixed with coffee husk compost cannot effectively improve radish green yield (Raphanus sativus var. caudatus).

Author (s) Details

Endar Hidayat
Department of Environmental Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Japan.

Adrinal
Department of Soil Science, University of Andalas, Padang, Indonesia.

Yoshiharu Mitoma
Department of Environmental Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Japan.Southern Institute of Water Resources Research, Vietnam.

Hiroyuki Harada
Department of Environmental Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Japan.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CRAS-V11/article/view/1971

Vlasov's Physics: From Plasma to Solid | Chapter 9 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 3

 The fundamental concepts of Vlasov's physics are examined from a broad perspective. His judgments about the application of nonlocal statistical mechanics to real solids are shown to be reliable. The possibilities for an accurate explanation of matter in Vlasov's physics are discussed.

Author (s) Details

Prof. Dr. V. I. Talanin
Physics Department, Zaporozhye Educational College, Ukraine.

Prof. Dr. I. E. Talanin
Physics Department, Zaporozhye Educational College, Ukraine.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/AAER-V3/issue/view/42

Studies on the Response of Silicon on Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Membrane Stability, Plant Water Status and Yield of Rice Genotypes under Drought | Chapter 10 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 3

 

A field experiment was conducted at the Department of Rice, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, during the 2017 Kharif season to study the effect of silicon on membrane stability, plant water status and yield of rice genotypes under drought. Maximum membrane stability index (MSI) (93.1) was observed in CB06803 and minimum (86.2) was observed in CB08702 under control when drought-related Sahbhagidhan retained maximum MSI (79.8) with lower Malondialdehyde (MDA) content (0.68 μmol g-1) and lower MSI (67.6) with lower (MDA) content (1.75 μmol g-1) in IR64. Silicon foliar spray (Silixol 0.6 percent) under drought increased the MSI in Sahbhagidhan to maximum (88.4), wherein CB13805 was observed at minimum (78.7). In the aspect of plant water status, a greater decrease of 18 percent in RWC under drought, with lower the reduction in drought tolerant check Sahbhagidhan (14.5 percent ). Foliar spray of silicon (Silixol 0.6 percent ) under drought increased the RWC by 12 percent with The rise in genotype CB13805 (16.3 percent) was greater. However, higher osmotic potential adjustment was observed in genotype CB12702 (0.674) under drought, while foliar silicon spray (Silixol 0.6 percent) under drought reduced osmotic adjustment with a higher shift in genotype CB06803 followed by susceptible IR64 regulation. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were significantly increased by 11 percent, 6 percent, 6.7 percent and 7.7 percent in Fv / Fm, Y (II), ETR and qP over drought by foliar silicon spray (Silixol 0.6 percent) under drought. Non-Photochemical Quenching (NPQ) increased by 48% in drought, but silicon foliar spray (Silixol 0.6%) increased by 48% in drought. The drought has limited NPQ. With 30 percent under drought, a limited grain yield per plant was observed,  For genotype CB13804, a reduction (1.9 percent) was observed. Silicon (Silixol 0.6 percent) foliar spray below Drought increased by 23% with a higher increase (43%) in genotype CB12702 per plant yield. The silicon foliar spray (Silixol 0.6 percent) under drought improved the foliar spray under drought, regardless of the genotypes.  In the genotypes above, membrane stability and plant water status indicate its significance for  Reducing the effects of drought and improving the rice mechanism for drought tolerance. The aggregate outcome  The study showed that drought has a dramatic effect on the rice reproductive level, which is Relieved by the application of silicon, which increases membrane stability, plant water Attributes of rank and yield. A drought tolerant search performed better on drought by Sahbhagi Dhan State and everything in foliar application under drought of silicon as well. CB12702, CB06803 genotypes and Even in the absence of silicon use, CB13804 showed better performance in drought, while with These two CB13805 genotypes also demonstrate better performance with silicon foliar spray underneath. Drought may be due to changes in the various physiological and metabolic pathways through the silicon presence.

Author (s) Details

N. Gokulraj
Department of Crop Physiology, Tamilnadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641003, India.

Dr. N. V. Ravichandran,
Department of Crop Physiology, Tamilnadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641003, India.


P. Boominathan
Department of Crop Physiology, Tamilnadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641003, India
R. P. Soundararajan
Department of Rice, Tamilnadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641003, India.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/274