Study on Assessment of Silicon and Nitrogen Fertilization on Plant and Soil Nutrition and Rice Yield Grown in Typic Ustifluvent Soil | Chapter 2 | Current Topics in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 3

 The goal of this study is to see how silicon and nitrogen treatment affects the chemical nutrition of plants and soil in Typic Ustifluvent soil.

Introduction: Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plants, as it is required for photosynthesis, growth and development, rice yield, quality, and biomass. Silicon interacts well with other applied nutrients, improving their agronomic performance and yield response efficiency.

Factorial RBD was used in this study.

Study Location and Duration: Farmers in Kuttalam Block, Mayiladuthurai district, participated in field trials. For two seasons, the experiment was carried out.

Field tests were carried out in farmers' fields during the kuruvai and samba seasons. The treatments include silicon levels of 0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1, as well as nitrogen levels of 0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1, using rice vars. ADT43 and CR1009 as test crops. At harvest, the grain and straw yields were recorded. The nutritional content of grain and straw samples was determined, and the associated uptake was computed. The nutritional level of soil samples was determined at various physiological stages.

The results showed that graded doses of nitrogen and silicon applied alone or in combination resulted in a considerable increase in rice production when compared to the control. With 150 kg N / ha + 150 kg Si / ha, rice yields peaked (5600, 6786 kg ha-1) and straw yields peaked (6811, 8031 kg ha-1). However, 150 kg N / ha + 100 kg Si / ha and 100 kg N / ha + 150 kg Si / ha were equal. The rate of absorption increased as nitrogen and silicon levels increased. With 150 kg N / ha + 150 kg Si / ha, the maximum nutrient absorption was reported. It was similar to 150 kg of nitrogen per hectare and 100 kg of silicon per hectare. With higher N and Si levels, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and silicon increased. When nitrogen and silicon were sprayed at 150 kg/ha, the greatest available N, P, K, and Si were obtained.

Conclusion: For maximum yield of rice grown in low nitrogen and silicon soils, a combined application of 150 kg N/ha and 150 kg Si/ha is advised.

Author(S) Details

P. Aravinth Kumar
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608002, India.

M. V. Sriramachandrasekharan
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608002, India.

T. Muthukumararaja
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608002, India.

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Assessment of the Incidence of Rotavirus Infection among Under-Five Children Attending Health Centres in Selected Communities of Ndola, Copperbelt Province, Zambia | Chapter 7 | Challenges in Disease and Health Research Vol. 6

 Rotavirus infection is a highly infectious public health concern among children under the age of five, characterized primarily by diarrhoea, vomiting, and fever spread via the oral-faecal route from contaminated water, food, and objects. Rotavirus infection is a public health concern because it is highly contagious but preventable. Diarrhoea is the third leading cause of death in Zambia among children under the age of five, accounting for approximately 9% of all deaths. According to data obtained from the Ndola District Health Management Office, despite high rotavirus vaccine coverage, diarrhoea incidence increased by 32.9/1000 between 2011 and 2015. When rotavirus enters the body, Through ingestion, it infects the stomach and intestinal tract (gastroenteritis), causing damage to the cells of the small intestine and making it difficult for the body to absorb water and nutrients. Currently, stool is not routinely tested for rotavirus infection, making it difficult to determine the incidence and effectiveness of the rotavirus vaccine (RotarixTM), a diarrhoea disease intervention that was implemented on November 27th, 2013. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of rotavirus infection among children under the age of five who visit health centers in Ndola's selected communities. Purposive sampling was used to select 380 under-fives between the ages of 3 and 36 months who presented to health facilities with diarrhoea, vomiting, and fever. The Combi-Strip Rapid Diagnostic Test was used to test a stool specimen for rotavirus infection. The study was conducted from March 1st to September 28th, 2017 to determine relationships and associations among suspected variables using a cross-sectional analytic community-based study design. For data analysis, the Statistical Package for Social Science software was used. Pearson's Chisquare and logistic regression were among the tests used. The findings revealed an 11 percent incidence rate of rotavirus infection and a statistically significant association between severity categories of rotavirus infection and rotavirus vaccine uptake (p 0.001). Children who received two recommended doses of the vaccine (185 (59.5 percent) were more likely to have rotavirus infection in the mild category ( 7 scores). In conclusion, the results show that the rotavirus vaccine reduces the incidence, and if a child does get diarrhoea, it is less severe, which leads to better outcomes.

Author (S) Details

Julia Shachakanza
School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Michael Chilufya Sata Campus, Ndola, Zambia.

Joseph Mumba Zulu
Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Health Promotion and Education Unit, University of Zambia, Ridgeway Campus, Lusaka, Zambia.

Margaret Maimbolwa
Department of Nursing Science, School of Medicine, Ridgeway Campus, Lusaka, Zambia.

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