Anatomical and Morphometric Study of Human Skull Base Foramina in Indians: Clinical and Forensic Implications | Book Publisher International

The present work elucidates the anatomical and morphometric evaluation of human skull base foramina in the Indian population. The investigation was conducted in two different study groups, which consisted of thirty dry skulls and CT scans of thirty adult patients. The observations recorded in these two distinct study groups were discussed in the light of previous respective studies.

 

The study provided information about anatomical variants and dimensions of individual skull base foramina. It became evident that the dimensions of individual foramina displayed a wide range.

 

Statistical analysis was performed to explore any significant difference in the mean dimensions between left and right-sided foramina. The anteroposterior dimension of the jugular foramen exhibited a significant difference between the two sides in dry skulls as well as in CT scans of patients.

 

Besides the individual foramina anatomy, one of the highlights of the current study is the localisation of skull base foramina with respect to specific osseous landmarks. The distances between foramina and osseous landmarks also displayed a wide range.

 

The statistical analysis of our results revealed that there was a significant difference between the left and right-sided values of the mean distance of foramen spinosum to infratemporal crest in dry skulls, as well as in CT scans of patients.

 

A detailed review of literature revealed that the assessment of interforaminal measurements of the skull base has been relatively less explored.

 

The results of the current study were analysed statistically, and it revealed that many of the average values of interforaminal measurements in dry skulls displayed significant differences between left and right sides.

 

It is expected that the results of the present study would be useful for Radiologists and Neurosurgeons and also serve as an anatomical reference for researchers.

 

Author (s) Details

Dr Ajay Kumar Patel
AIIMS, Deoghar, India.

 

Dr Rajesh Kumar

AIIMS, Deoghar, India.

 

Dr Rashmi Bala Patel
AIIMS, Kalyani, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49970-04-5

Anatomical and Clinical Insights from Morphological and Morphometric Analysis of the Orbital Region A| Chapter 6 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 1

Recent studies report that morphometry is a fast and efficient method for the evaluation of morphological characteristics such as ethnicity, gender, age, genetic factors, dietary habits and regional variations which can alter the shape and size of bone structures. These aspects are significantly important in determining the anthropometric changes between different populations and genders. The orbital index varies in the different races of mankind and determines the shape of the face in different population groups. This study aimed to assess the orbital index, which varies with race, regions, within the same race, and periods in evolution. Understanding this index is crucial for interpreting fossil records, classifying skulls in forensic medicine, and exploring trends in evolutionary and ethnic differences. Documented ranges of this index in different nationalistic groups will aid in skull identification. Sixty-eight skulls were obtained from the Anatomy Department of the University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi. To prevent interobserver and intra-observer error, two individuals measured the parameters independently using predetermined procedures. Vernier callipers accurate to 0.1mm and a 30mm ruler were used to measure the width and height of the orbits, while a tapeline was used to measure the length and width of the skull. The mean orbital height was found to be 33.47 ±1.56mm and 33.65 ±1.53mm, whereas the mean orbital width was 42.06 ±1.68mm and 41.87 ±1.73mm on the right and left sides, respectively. The mean orbital index was 79.65 ±4.02mm and 80.49 ±4.67mm on the right and left sides, respectively. The mean width of the skull was 128.71 ±5.94mm, whereas the mean height of the skull was 130.96 ±4.07mm. The data obtained was statistically analysed. Comparison with previous studies reveals significant variation in the anatomical characteristics of the orbital cavity, influenced by ethnic differences, measurement methods, and sample size. The data collected in this study could serve as a database for the quantitative description of human orbital morphology during normal growth and development, considering sex and ethnic-related variations. The findings of the present study allow for quantification of the orbital features of North Indian adults and provide parameters for preoperative planning and prediction of postoperative outcomes.

 

Author (s) Details

Anil Kumar
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine and Health Science (CoMHS), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Sohar, Al Tareef, Sultanate of Oman.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v1/2842

Primary Ewing Sarcoma of Fronto-parietal Bone with Major Soft Tissue Extension: A Rare Case Presentation | Chapter 11 | Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 1

An 11-year-old girl showed in with no neurological impairments and an eight-month history of worsening scalp swelling. On closer inspection, a solid bulge looked to be coming from the frontal bone. The general and systemic exams produced normal findings. On MRI, a subgaleal component of a well-defined lytic lesion in the left fronto-parietal bone was seen. The patient had surgery, during which the tumour was excised and the patient's skull was rebuilt. On histological examination, a bone-derived monomorphic small round cell tumour was seen penetrating the subcutaneous tissue. After an immunohistochemistry test demonstrated widespread immunopositivity for MIC-2 in tumour cells, the final diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma was made. Without experiencing any symptoms, the patient was monitored for three months. This study's main conclusion is that children and young adults with lytic lesions of the cranial bone should be tested for Primary Ewing sarcoma.

Author (s) Details:

Anshu Gupta,
Department of Pathology, Institute of Human Behavior and Allied Sciences, Dilshad Garden, Delhi - 95, India.
*Corresponding author: E-mail: dransh2002@yahoo.co.in

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CODHR-V1/article/view/7431

Innovative Silicon Solutions in the Field of Renewable Energy | Chapter 10 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 5

 The continuous technical process of generating «solar» silicon granules and nanosilicon powder is investigated using the plasma pyrolysis of monosilane technique. Decomposition takes 210-5 seconds at 1800oC, for example. Monosilane breakdown occurs at a distance of 2 cm at a plasma velocity of around 1000 m/s. At useful plasmatron power W = 100 kW, volume ratio VAr/VH2 = 0.2/0.8, and reaction zone length L = 0.06 m, the energy consumption is computed as min QSi = 1.69 kWh/kg Si, GSi = 50 kg/h Si, and GSi = 50 kg/h Si. The interaction of monosilane with a plasma jet was used to represent the steady-state cooling and condensation of silicon vapours and molten silicon droplets. it has been considered The impact observed when the condensation reactor is coupled with the granulator, i.e. where the mechanisms of condensation of silicon vapours into a liquid film and conversion of flow of this film into a droplet one occur simultaneously on its working surface, leads to the formation of a new condenser – granulator concept. Turbulent thermal plasma fluxes are used to make nanopowder. With this technology, high-efficiency equipment for continuous manufacture of low-cost silicon for photovoltaics and materials required for future generations of Lithium-ion batteries might be developed with minimal capital and operational costs.

Author(s) Details

Petrov Stanislav
The Gas Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.

Korzhyk Volodymyr
The E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V5/article/view/2091

Determination of Duplicated Optic Canals in Eastern Indian Human Skulls from India | Chapter 2 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 7

 Optic canal duplication is a rare condition that affects both sexes, people of all ages, and people of different races. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of optic canal duplication and to investigate its clinical and developmental implications. Methods: For the study, 100 dry human skulls of both sexes and ages were used. These skulls were examined grossly and morphologically to determine if the optic canals were duplicated. Additional optic canals were discovered in three skulls (3 percent cases). Only two (2%) of the cases (2%) had bilateral duplication, while one (1%) had unilateral duplication. The larger main canal was in its usual position, directed posteromedially upwards, and joined the anterolateral end of Sulcus chiasmaticus. In the lesser wing of the sphenoid, the smaller or duplicated canal was inferolateral to the main canal. Bony septa separated the main and accessory canals. Conclusion: Understanding additional optic canals is critical when performing surgical exploration of optic canals during tumor removal, decompression of optic canals, or surgical access to the cavernous sinus or Sella turcica.

Author (S) Details

Dr. Gyanaranjan Nayak,
Department of Anatomy, IMS and SUM Hospital, SOA University, Bhubaneswar - 751 003, Odisha, India.

Biswa Bhusan Mohanty
Department of Anatomy, IMS and SUM Hospital, SOA University, Bhubaneswar - 751 003, Odisha, India.

Saurjya Ranjan Das
Department of Anatomy, IMS and SUM Hospital, SOA University, Bhubaneswar - 751 003, Odisha, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/TIPR-V7/article/view/1839

Discussion Surrounding the Identification of Henry IV’s Alleged Skull: Advanced Study | Chapter 12 | Recent Advances in Science and Technology Research Vol. 2

On Sunday, 13th March 2011, at half past eight in the evening, the French public national television channel France 5 broadcasted a documentary relating the investigation which had led to the “formal” identification of Henry IV’s skull. It had been conducted by a team of scientists led by Doctor Philippe Charlier, a forensic medical examiner - a well-known anthropologist. Throughout the programme, many factors were introduced and proved the identification. And yet, taking a scientific step back and looking at things from a distance with historical knowledge, these factors seem to be questionable. A new perspective which sowed the seeds of doubt on the showcasing of absolute certainty.

Author(s) Details

Dr. X. Riaud
Department in Epistemology, History of Sciences and Techniques, National Academy of Dental Surgery, National Academy of Surgery, France and Centre François Viète d’Histoire des Sciences et des Techniques (EA 1161), Université de Nantes, France.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/189