Anatomical and Clinical Insights from Morphological and Morphometric Analysis of the Orbital Region A| Chapter 6 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 1

Recent studies report that morphometry is a fast and efficient method for the evaluation of morphological characteristics such as ethnicity, gender, age, genetic factors, dietary habits and regional variations which can alter the shape and size of bone structures. These aspects are significantly important in determining the anthropometric changes between different populations and genders. The orbital index varies in the different races of mankind and determines the shape of the face in different population groups. This study aimed to assess the orbital index, which varies with race, regions, within the same race, and periods in evolution. Understanding this index is crucial for interpreting fossil records, classifying skulls in forensic medicine, and exploring trends in evolutionary and ethnic differences. Documented ranges of this index in different nationalistic groups will aid in skull identification. Sixty-eight skulls were obtained from the Anatomy Department of the University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi. To prevent interobserver and intra-observer error, two individuals measured the parameters independently using predetermined procedures. Vernier callipers accurate to 0.1mm and a 30mm ruler were used to measure the width and height of the orbits, while a tapeline was used to measure the length and width of the skull. The mean orbital height was found to be 33.47 ±1.56mm and 33.65 ±1.53mm, whereas the mean orbital width was 42.06 ±1.68mm and 41.87 ±1.73mm on the right and left sides, respectively. The mean orbital index was 79.65 ±4.02mm and 80.49 ±4.67mm on the right and left sides, respectively. The mean width of the skull was 128.71 ±5.94mm, whereas the mean height of the skull was 130.96 ±4.07mm. The data obtained was statistically analysed. Comparison with previous studies reveals significant variation in the anatomical characteristics of the orbital cavity, influenced by ethnic differences, measurement methods, and sample size. The data collected in this study could serve as a database for the quantitative description of human orbital morphology during normal growth and development, considering sex and ethnic-related variations. The findings of the present study allow for quantification of the orbital features of North Indian adults and provide parameters for preoperative planning and prediction of postoperative outcomes.

 

Author (s) Details

Anil Kumar
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine and Health Science (CoMHS), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Sohar, Al Tareef, Sultanate of Oman.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v1/2842

Epidemiological, Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects of Orbital Diseases in Ophthalmologic Hospital of Saint André de Tinré (OHSAT), in Benin Republic: A Retrospective Study | Chapter 07 | Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 3

 Introduction: Orbital disorders are becoming a major problem around the world, especially in Benin. Their upper management is rarely available.

The goal of this study is to look at the epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic aspects of orbital diseases in HOSAT.

Patients and Methods: This was a three-year retrospective study that took place in OHSAT from July 2012 to July 2015. In three years. A total of 143 patients suffering from orbital disorders were investigated.

Orbital abnormalities accounted for 0.3 percent of all eye illnesses, according to the findings. Male patients made up 60.8 percent of the total. Children under the age of 15 were the most numerous age group (40.6 percent ). Orbital pain (35.7 percent), inflammatory signs (35.2 percent), exophthalmia (30.1 percent), ptosis (12.8 percent), leucocoria (6.1 percent), and diplopia were the most common symptoms (4.6 percent ). Tumors accounted for 43.6 percent of the patients, while traumas, inflammatory illnesses, and dysthyroid orbitopathies accounted for 30.8 percent. In 21.7 percent of the cases, there was a suspicion of vascular disease (0.7 percent), and there was one case of congenital orbital abnormalities (0.7 percent ).

Conclusion: Although orbital disorders are uncommon, they pose challenges for diagnosis and effective treatment at OHSAT due to a number of issues related to a lack of proper technological facilities. Children under the age of 15 are the most affected of all age groups. Orbital tumours, orbital injuries, and inflammation are the most common causes.

Author(S) Details

C. R. A. Assavedo
Unité d’Enseignement et de Recherche en Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine Université de Parakou, Bénin.

A. B. Amadou
Unité d’Enseignement et de Recherche en Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine Université de Parakou, Bénin.

S. Monteiro
Unité d’Enseignement et de Recherche en Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine Université de Parakou, Bénin.

E. Kinkpe
Unité d’Enseignement et de Recherche en Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine Université de Parakou, Bénin.

I. Sounouvou
Unité d’Enseignement et de Recherche d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé de l’Université d’Abomey Calavi, Bénin.

S. Tchabi Hounnou
Unité d’Enseignement et de Recherche d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé de l’Université d’Abomey Calavi, Bénin.

C. Doutetien Gbaguidi
Unité d’Enseignement et de Recherche d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé de l’Université d’Abomey Calavi, Bénin.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDMMR-V3/article/view/5468