Microbial Diversity in Drought-Tolerant Sorghum Rhizobacteria | Chapter 7 | Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 9

Little is known about the soil microbial diversity and the potential contribution of this microbial diversity to global biogeochemical cycling. Water deficit is the most common stress affecting plant growth in arid and semiarid regions. In the present investigation the microbial diversity particularly bacteria in the moisture stress (drought) soil environment depends on the types of host plant root on which these bacterial types colonize have been studied. Total 81 bacterial colonies isolated from sorghum and allied weed plants viz, Cassia cerassia, Fimbristylis miliacea, Argemone mexicana, Chrozophoro rottleri, Fumaria parviflora and Euphorbia esula using NA media. Out of which 42 were obtained as root endophytic isolates whereas 39 isolates were obtained as root ectophytic isolates. Soil samples were collected at the time of collection of root samples to determine the moisture stress status of the soil from the same fields having vertisols soil texture. All these endophytic and ectophytic bacterial culture were able to grow in in vitro condition at 13% soil moisture level indicating that they sustain the severe drought condition in soil. From this work it can be concluded that these moisture stress tolerant bacteria would be present and sustain under drought stress condition.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Kalindee S. Shinde
Department of Plant Pathology and Agricultural Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil, College of Agriculture, Talsande, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpmab/v9/3994

Enhancing Drought Tolerance in Sorghum Plants through Bacterial Inoculation: A Study on Water Retention and Stomatal Conductance | Chapter 8 | Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 9

 The study evaluates the impact of moisture stress tolerant bacterial inoculants on the relative water content and stomatal conductance of sorghum leaves under drought conditions. Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses that adversely affects majority of the world’s crop growth and productivity. The relative water content (RWC) and stomatal conductance (SC) in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor, L.) leaves were assessed under water stress condition by sorghum seed priming with Serratia marcescens strain L1SC8, Pseudomonas putida strain L3SC1, Enterobacter cloacae strain L1CcC1 and Serratia marcescens strain L2FmA4. RWC was higher in leaves of seed priming plants. Water stress resulted in decreased RWC of plant leaves. Seed priming with Serratia marcescens strain L1SC8 showed higher RWC over untreated control followed by Enterobacter cloacae strain L1CcC1. However SC decreased in seed primed stressed plants leaves compared to non-primed stressed plant leaves. Pseudomonas putida strain L3SC1 showed lowest SC as compared to other treatments and control. All the bacterial inoculant increases the RWC. The increase in RWC was statistically significant over control. Thus, the moisture stress tolerant bacterial inoculants sustain the drought condition by increasing the RWC in plant. Thus, seed priming with moisture stress tolerant bacterial cultures increase the RWC while decrease the SC which was the major attributing factors for drought tolerance in sorghum. The findings provide valuable insights into potential strategies for enhancing drought tolerance in crop plants, with implications for agricultural productivity in water- stressed environments. Additionally, the study contributes to the understanding of the role of microbial inoculation in inducing physiological changes in plants to cope with water stress, which is a topic of increasing interest in agricultural research.

Author(s) Details:

Kalindee S. Shinde,
Department of Plant Pathology and Agricultural Microbiology, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri-413722, Maharashtra, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAMB/article/view/13227

Evaluation of Diverse Sorghum Genotypes under Varying Doses of Nitrogen Fertilizers in Semi-Arid Regions of Pakistan | Chapter 3 | Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 5

Pakistan ranks among the nation’s most vulnerable to the ongoing and anticipated impacts of climate change. Cropping in Pakistan is bearing various climate challenges like temperature extremes, drought, flood, heavy rains, hails, wind storms increase in Co2, greenhouse gases and CFCs. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is a predominant crop in arid regions. A field experiment involving six sorghum cultivars and three distinct nitrogen levels was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan during the Kharif season of 2017. The cultivars, nitrogen levels, and their interactions had a significant influence on plant height (cm), leaf area (cm²), crop growth rate (g m-2 day-1), panicle elongation (cm), number of grains per panicle, grain weight (g), biomass production (kg ha-1), and economic yield (kg ha-1). The sorghum genotype JS-263, with an NPK dose of 120:75:60 kg ha-1, exhibited the highest grain yield and yield-related parameters. This high-yielding sorghum cultivar and optimal nitrogen level could be utilized for enhanced yield and productivity.

Author(s) Details:

Iqtidar Hussain,
Department of Agronomy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan.

Zuhair Hasnain,
Department of Agronomy, PMAS Arid Agriculture, University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

Hafiz Basheer Ahmad,
Sugarcane Research Institute, AARI, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACAS-V5/article/view/13768

Fortification of Foodstuffs (Food Material) with Moringa oleifera | Book Publisher International

This book examines sorghum, Bambara groundnut, and Moringa oleifera. It explores the nutritional value of these plants and the possible use of cutting-edge technologies such as pulse electric field and ultrasonication to extract bioactive compounds from these plants. While staples like sorghum and Bambara groundnut are high in nutrients, Moringa oleifera is notable for having numerous nutritional advantages and provides additional nutritional and antioxidant values to sorghum and Bambaras through fortification. The incorporation of these components into food systems is examined, emphasising the use of fermentation and malting. A detailed explanation of extracting bioactive compounds from Moringa oleifera using pulsed electric fields and ultrasonication is provided. The book consistently highlight the significance of additional investigation to fully realise the potential for improved nutrition and food security. This book also highlights the role that sorghum, Bambara groundnut, and Moringa oleifera play in addressing nutritional challenges while illuminating the transformative potential of these plants. The ability of the complex fermentation and malting processes to improve sorghum's nutritional profile is examined. Furthermore, the benefits of legumes for health are emphasised. The investigation reveals the varied and advantageous nature of Bambara groundnut and Sorghum metabolites. The book end with a call for more study and creativity, acknowledging the importance of pulsed electric fields and ultrasonication in the extraction of bioactive compounds.

Author(s) Details:

Abiodun Olukemi Famakinwa,
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa.

Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju,
Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa.

Victoria Jideani,
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa.

Jessy Van Wyk,
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa.

Anthony Olusegun Obilana,
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/FFFMMO/article/view/13154

Functional and Dietary Evaluation of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) based Muffins | Chapter 6 | Current Perspectives in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 5

This division evaluates the Functional and nutritional amount of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) located muffins. Different nations have likewise been investigating the exercise of sorghum as an tireless material and as a possible beginning of high-consider particles to devise sustainable lubricate and other important mechanical synthetics. The study was conducted in the Department of Food Technology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, all along the year 2022-2023 under various experiments. In order to achieve the purpose of the research, any of laboriously completed activity experiments were standardized digestive assessment. The carbohydrate-free muffins developed by using (100%) sweet liquid flour, boiling powder, baking soda, jaggery powder, burnished color powder, milk and oil were assorted to form smooth consistency batter. During the experiment we erect that the muffins have the moisture, protein, fibre, ruins, carbohydrate and fat was written as (8.28%), (7.48%), (80.6%), (2.24%), (27%) and (1.4%), respectively. Throughout the experiment, iron (6.42%), zinc (20.48%), and magnesium (1.94%), individually, will be investigated utilizing colorimetric methods. We still performed, microbiological feature of the created crop, sugar-free sweet liquid muffins, was assessed utilizing the total plate count (TPC) technique, that revealed an overall quantity of 5200 Cfu/100g. Whereas, another test will be FT-IR study, the data describes a peak in the absorbance wave length range that was detected betwixt 2925cm-1 in ranged 2928 cm-1 accompanying presence of methyl group. A set of proteins were visualized in the strong peak at 1646.18 cm-1 approximately 1651 cm-1. Starch was the main cause of the vibration of C-C and C-O at 1019.7cm-1, respectively the powerful peak 1417cm-1 and 1150.04cm-1 ranged from 1400 to 1150.04 cm-1 O-C-H; C-C-H; C-O-H accompanying presence of vigor. It is concluded that sweet liquid muffins can be best in digestive profile and allure helps to enhance the digestive content and health benefits with overall hydrogen and proteins and also maybe best storage at cooling temperature.

Author(s) Details:

Rishabh Raj,
Department of Food Technology, Parul University, Vadodara-390001, Gujarat, India.

Sury Pratap Singh,
Department of Food Technology, Parul University, Vadodara-390001, Gujarat, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPAFS-V5/article/view/11748

SWOT Analysis of Perennial vs Annual Energy Crops: A Case Study in Greece | chapter 3 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 3

 The EU bio-based economy requires a steady supply of biomass for a variety of applications, including pharmaceuticals, food, feed, bio-based materials, and bioenergy. In order to reduce competition for land, the yielding potential of energy crops (annual and perennial) must be as high as possible. Several perennial and annual energy crops have been cultivated for biofuel production in Europe over the last two decades. The main advantage of annual energy crops is that their agronomic management can be easily adapted from more traditional cultivation practices because they fit into current (rotation) farming systems. Perennial energy crops, on the other hand, are being specifically developed. The purpose of this paper is to compare some annual and perennial energy crops using the SWOT Analysis to determine the most socioeconomically and environmentally suitable crops for biofuel production in Greece and the Mediterranean region. Our research focuses on three perennial energy crops: Miscanthus (Miscanthus giganteus), Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus), and Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), and four annual energy crops: Sunflower (Helianthus spp.), Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), Rapeseed (Brassica napus), and Sorghum (Panicum virgatum) (Sorghum bicolor). The SWOT analysis reveals that the three perennial energy crops under consideration are an excellent alternative choice for marginal lands, especially because they do not require annual installation. They have high biomass yields, low crop costs (cardoon, switchgrass), and a diverse range of end uses. They are especially beneficial to the environment because they require few chemicals (cardoon), have a high energy content, and can be used for soil remediation (miscanthus) and phytoextraction of harmful or polluting substances. Some, however, have a high initial installation cost (miscanthus, switchgrass) and some are potentially invasive species (miscanthus, cardoon), while almost all mature. On the other hand, among the four annual energy crops are some well-known and well-accepted plants (sunflower, rapeseed) as well as some less common ones (kenaf, sorghum as an energy crop). They can be included in existing rotation farming schemes, and the majority of them, like winter cereals, can be grown using techniques that farmers are already familiar with (rapeseed). They present an environmentally friendly alternative crop choice in lands with limited or moderate water availability (sunflower, kenaf), with high yields and a wide range of potential uses, suitable for both small farmer cooperatives and large-scale farming. The best energy crop, whether annual or perennial, will be determined by a variety of socioeconomic and environmental factors.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Annoula Paschalidou
Department of Forestry and Management of the Environment and Natural Resources, Democritus University of Thrace, 193 Pantazidou Street, 68 200, Orestiada, Greece.

Dr. Michael Tsatiris
Department of Forestry and Management of the Environment and Natural Resources, Democritus University of Thrace, 193 Pantazidou Street, 68 200, Orestiada, Greece.

View Book :-  https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V3/article/view/1850

Relationship between Rainfall Variability and Millet (Pennisetum americanum L.) and Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) moench.) Yields in the Sudan Savanna Ecological Zone of Nigeria: A Modelling Approach | Chapter 5 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 10

 The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between rainfall variability parameters and millet (Pennisetum americanum L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) moench.) yields in Nigeria's Sudan Savanna ecological zone. Daily rainfall, millet, and sorghum yield data collected by nearby stations between 1981 and 2010 were used as input in the model. It aims to create a model that can predict millet and sorghum yields based on rainfall data. The following analytical tools were used to develop and test the model's performance: ogive of cumulative pentad rainfall, product - Stepwise multiple regression analysis, moment correlation coefficient (r), and coefficient of determination (R2). Four yield forecast models were developed as a result of the research: three for millet in Kano, Katsina, and Potiskum, and one for sorghum in Potiskum. Assuming the best-fitted yield forecast models, the model accounted for 61.7 percent of the variation in millet yield related to total yearly rainfall and 68.1 percent of the variation in sorghum yield related to total rainfall in May. The 38.3 percent unaccounted variation in millet yield and 31.9 percent variation in sorghum yield suggest that other factors may influence the yield variability of the two crops.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Haruna Saleh
Department of Geography, Umaru Musa Yar`adua University, Katsina State, Nigeria.

Dr. Tasi’u Yalwa Rilwanu
Department of Geography, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CRAS-V10/article/view/1562

Study on the Effect of Seedbed Types, Urea Fertilizer Rates and Intercropping of Sorghum with Legumes on Striga Incidence | Chapter 9 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 9

 Sorghum is important for its grain, which is used as food, animal feed, seeds, and in the brewing of local bear. Its stalks are used for shelter, animal feed, and as a source of sugar at times. Damazin Research Station, Damazin (Latitude 11°47'34N, Longitude 34°21'55 E) and approximately 343.01 meters above sea level (MSL) for two consecutive seasons 2006/07 and 2007/08. There were three kinds of seed beds used. In a Striga-infested field trial, these were flat (control 1), normal ridged, and tied ridged. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of witch weed (Striga spp.) and the performance of sorghum under various treatments. The procedures were followed: two rates of urea fertilizers were applied at 103.5 and 207.0 kg/ha; four leguminous plants, namely Bambara nuts (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc.; Groundnuts (Arachis hypogoea L.); Clitoria (Clitoria ternatea); and Desmodium spp.) were intercropped with sorghum, Sorghum bicolor L. Moench (cv. Wad Ahmed) and Standard ridged seedbeds effectively reduced Striga population and dry weight, according to the results. Clitoria spp. is a legume. Intercropping with sorghum significantly reduced sorghum height, and the application of urea fertilizers, regardless of rate, increased sorghum grain yield as well as Striga population.

Author (s) Details

Dr. E. J. Kenyi
College of Agriculture, Dr. John Garang Memorial University of Science & Technology, Bor, Jonglei State, P.O.Box 436 Juba, South Sudan.

Dr. P. W. Marchelo-d’Ragga,
Department of Agricultural Sciences, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Sutu dies, P.O.Box 82 Juba, South Sudan.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CRAS-V9/article/view/1457

Investigating the Effect of Sorghum-tigernutIbyer (A Traditional Gruel) on the Fasting Blood Glucose Levels of Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats | Chapter 5 | Current Research in Agricultural and Food Science Vol.1

Background: There is growing interest in the use of natural foods in the management of chronic
diseases like diabetes. Ibyer is a fibre rich gruel consumed amongst the Tiv people of Benue State
made from whole sorghum or millet flours.
Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of sorghum-tigernut ibyer on the fasting blood
glucose levels and body weight of alloxan monohydrate-induced diabetic rats.
Methods: Sorghum flour (SF) and tigernut flour (TNF) were blended at different proportions (100:00;
90:10; 80:20; 70:30) for the purpose of ibyer production. The flour samples were subjected to
proximate analysis using standard analytical procedures, the sensory attributes of ibyer produced
from the different flour samples was evaluated on a 9-point hedonic scale. Thirty (30) male Wistar rats
(100–180 g body weight) were grouped into five (1-5) each group containing six rats. They were
induced with diabetes by injecting them with 150 ml/kg of body weight with alloxan monohydrate
dissolved in saline water (0.9% NaCl) except for group 1. Blood samples were collected from the tail
of the rats, prior to induction, 48 hrs after induction and 72 hrs after three days of continuous feeding
with test diet. Fasting blood glucose was measured using a standard glucometer and test strips.
Results: The sensory attributes indicated that ibyer produced from the flour samples were generally
acceptable. Fasting blood glucose levels after 72 hrs of feeding were found to be lowered more in
groups giving flours with a higher proportion of Tigernut.
Conclusion: The results indicated that sorghum-tigernut ibyer exerted hypoglycaemic effect on the
experimental animals.

Author(s) Details

Shalem Shiekuma
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Food Technology and Human Ecology, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.

Dr. Moses Ukeyima
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Food Technology and Human Ecology, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.

Msendoo, Janet Ahuah
Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Food Technology and Human Ecology, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.

Idoko Blessing
Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Food Technology and Human Ecology, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.

Terzungwe Tughgba
Department of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/221