Identification of Genetic Determinants Controlling Seed Yield and Its Component Traits in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) | Chapter 7 | Current Perspectives in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 7

 Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is grown mostly as a source of vegetable oil and proteins in the world. In the course of plant improvement, plant breeders deal with several qualitative traits nowadays. The present investigation was carried out to identify the molecular markers associated with various characters in sunflowers using recombinant inbred lines. Molecular markers in applied breeding programs facilitate the appropriate choice of parents for crosses to map or tag the gene blocks associated with economically important traits. Two sunflower inbred lines namely, TNHSF239-68-1-1-1 and 17B with significant differences for various traits namely, stripe on seed surface, seed color, hull weight and oil content were selected as female and male parents respectively to develop the F2:5 population. Linkage analysis was carried out and five linkage groups were obtained with 19 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. Linkage map construction, single marker analysis (SMA) and composite interval mapping analysis were carried out with SSR primers and quantitative traits. In SMA, out of 50 SSR markers, a total of 29 SSR markers were found to be significantly linked to various traits. The adjusted R2 for the regression equation varies from 3.2 to 29.8%. Two traits namely, days to flowering and seed color recorded above 20% R2 value. Hull weight recorded above 10% R2 value. In inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM), the quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis resulted in two QTLs namely, seed and volume weight. QTL analyses were performed through inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM). The QTL analysis revealed each QTL for traits namely, stripes on the seed margin, stripes between the seed margin, 100-seed weight and seed yield. The LOD ranged from 1.5 to 1.9. The adjusted R2 value ranged from 10.6 (seed yield) to 65.0 (stripes between seed margin) percent. Among these QTL, QTL on stripes on the seed margin and stripes between the seed margin may be considered as potential as they recorded very high phenotypic variation accounted. As the distance between the flanking marker is more than 5 cm, fine mapping of this QTL region with more markers may be attempted to utilize these QTL in the marker-assisted back cross programme.

Author(s) Details:

J. Vanitha,
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, SRM College of Agricultural sciences, Chengalpattu, 603201, India.

R. Mahendran,
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, SRM College of Agricultural sciences, Chengalpattu, 603201, India.

N. Manivannan,
Department of Oilseeds, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, 641003, Coimbatore, India.

R. Chandirakala,
Department of Oilseeds, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, 641003, Coimbatore, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPAFS-V7/article/view/13749

SWOT Analysis of Perennial vs Annual Energy Crops: A Case Study in Greece | chapter 3 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 3

 The EU bio-based economy requires a steady supply of biomass for a variety of applications, including pharmaceuticals, food, feed, bio-based materials, and bioenergy. In order to reduce competition for land, the yielding potential of energy crops (annual and perennial) must be as high as possible. Several perennial and annual energy crops have been cultivated for biofuel production in Europe over the last two decades. The main advantage of annual energy crops is that their agronomic management can be easily adapted from more traditional cultivation practices because they fit into current (rotation) farming systems. Perennial energy crops, on the other hand, are being specifically developed. The purpose of this paper is to compare some annual and perennial energy crops using the SWOT Analysis to determine the most socioeconomically and environmentally suitable crops for biofuel production in Greece and the Mediterranean region. Our research focuses on three perennial energy crops: Miscanthus (Miscanthus giganteus), Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus), and Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), and four annual energy crops: Sunflower (Helianthus spp.), Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), Rapeseed (Brassica napus), and Sorghum (Panicum virgatum) (Sorghum bicolor). The SWOT analysis reveals that the three perennial energy crops under consideration are an excellent alternative choice for marginal lands, especially because they do not require annual installation. They have high biomass yields, low crop costs (cardoon, switchgrass), and a diverse range of end uses. They are especially beneficial to the environment because they require few chemicals (cardoon), have a high energy content, and can be used for soil remediation (miscanthus) and phytoextraction of harmful or polluting substances. Some, however, have a high initial installation cost (miscanthus, switchgrass) and some are potentially invasive species (miscanthus, cardoon), while almost all mature. On the other hand, among the four annual energy crops are some well-known and well-accepted plants (sunflower, rapeseed) as well as some less common ones (kenaf, sorghum as an energy crop). They can be included in existing rotation farming schemes, and the majority of them, like winter cereals, can be grown using techniques that farmers are already familiar with (rapeseed). They present an environmentally friendly alternative crop choice in lands with limited or moderate water availability (sunflower, kenaf), with high yields and a wide range of potential uses, suitable for both small farmer cooperatives and large-scale farming. The best energy crop, whether annual or perennial, will be determined by a variety of socioeconomic and environmental factors.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Annoula Paschalidou
Department of Forestry and Management of the Environment and Natural Resources, Democritus University of Thrace, 193 Pantazidou Street, 68 200, Orestiada, Greece.

Dr. Michael Tsatiris
Department of Forestry and Management of the Environment and Natural Resources, Democritus University of Thrace, 193 Pantazidou Street, 68 200, Orestiada, Greece.

View Book :-  https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V3/article/view/1850

Advanced Study on Phytoattenuation of Soil Metal Contamination: The Effects of Plant Growth Relgualtors (GA3 and IAA) by Employing Wetland Macrophyte Vetiver and Energy Plant Sunflower | Chapter 3 | International Research in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol.3

 Phytoattenuation, a novel green remediation concept, has been successfully demonstrated while

employing vetiver and biostimulator (gibberellic acid GA3 and indol-3-acetic acid IAA) to gradually
mitigate soil Cu levels. The effectiveness of stimulator GA3 and IAA was in the descending sequence
GA3> IAA. Biostimulator has been demonstrated plant growth enhancement and been employed for
agricultural operation. The on-site tests demonstrated Cu levels were gradually deceasing during one
month monitoring time periods. The soil metal level reduction achieved a satisfactory level which
complied with local environmental standards. After more rounds of planting and harvesting, the soil
metal concentration expected to be further dropped while on-site operation was executed. Green
remediation concepts such as phytoattenuation need to be taken as serious concern while the Earth
has faced recent unpresdent damage Japan tsunami, Green house effect, unpredicted weather
fluctuation worldwide, and serious endangered specie issues.

Author(s) Details

W. C. Chen
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

T. Y. Yeh
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/231