Ignition and Combustion Characteristics of a Single Droplet of Blended Fuels of Kemiri Sunan [Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw] Biodiesel | Chapter 3 | Current Approaches in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 1

The present study aimed to understand the ignition and combustion characteristics of a single droplet of blended fuels of Kemiri Sunan (reutealis trisperma (Blanco) airy shaw) biodiesel and ethanol in several levels of ambient pressure. Petroleum diesel, like fossil fuels, releases greenhouse gases (CO2) into the atmosphere, which increases the risk to human health and the environment as a result of global warming. Bio-oil from seeds of Kemiri Sunan (reutealis trisperma (Blanco) airy shaw) plant is particularly attractive to be studied since its high potential as an alternative to biodiesel. The ambient pressures of the burning chamber were varied at 1, 3, and 5 bars. The fuels were prepared by mixing the biodiesel with the ethanol at concentrations of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% vol/vol. The single droplets of blended fuels were suspended using a micro-syringe on the tip of the thermocouple. With an electrical heater, it was lit and burned. A high-speed camera was used to record the single drops' ignition and combustion processes. It was discovered that as ambient pressure rises and the amount of ethanol in blended fuels increases, the droplet's igniting delay decreases. Also, the burning rate of blended droplets increased with increasing biodiesel concentration and pressure. The maximum droplet temperature slightly increased during the combustion with the increasing ethanol concentration, but not with increasing ambient pressure. In the current investigation, the phenomena of micro explosion also have been observed.

Author(s) Details:

Nurkholis Hamidi,
The Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University JL. MT. Haryono 167, Malang, Indonesia.

Purnami,
The Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University JL. MT. Haryono 167, Malang, Indonesia.

Widya Wijayanti,
The Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University JL. MT. Haryono 167, Malang, Indonesia.

Rizal Fahmi,
The Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University JL. MT. Haryono 167, Malang, Indonesia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAERT-V1/article/view/14158

Effect of High Inlet Air Pressure on the Performance and Emission of a Diesel Engine: A Regression Analysis with Biofuel Evaluation | Chapter 7 | Theory and Applications of Engineering Research Vol. 8

 This study aims to assess the impact of loading on a Kirloskar 3.7 kW single-cylinder, four-stroke, compression-ignition engine fuelled by both diesel and biofuel. We specifically investigated the influence of inlet air pressure on the engine’s performance and emission characteristics. . In the experimental setup, the inlet air pressure was systematically increased from 1 to 2.5 bar. Notably, emissions like CO and HC exhibited a significant decrease, while a slight increase in brake power and NOx emissions was observed. Employing a statistical approach, we established a regression model to predict the performance and emission levels of the diesel engine, particularly when operating on biofuels. The use of a multi: regression model allowed us to derive an empirical relation for the evaluation of brake power (BP), hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the context of diesel engine operation.

The empirical equations for BP, CO, HC and NOx as developed by a solution of the multi-regression model in terms of the inlet air pressure and biofuels blend were as under:

BP (kW) = (-) 0.0305 P (-) 0.0005 BLEND + 2.65

CO (%) = (-) 0.0029 P (-) 0.0006 BLEND + 0.1211

HC (PPM) = (-) 20.7 P (-) 0.3050 BLEND + 65.925

NOx (PPM) = 102 P + 2.16 BLEND + 249.98

Author(s) Details:

R. Seetharamaiah,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sambhram Institute of Technology, Bengaluru. Karnataka, India.

A. S. Ravindran,
PNS Institute of Technology, Nelamangala, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

S. M. Gopinath,
Department of Bio -Technology, Acharya Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

B. Manjunatha,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Acharya Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

A. Sathyanarayana Swamy,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sambhram Institute of Technology, Bengaluru. Karnataka, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TAER-V8/article/view/13791

Possibilities of Bioethanol Production from Millet Crops | Chapter 6| Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 2

As per official reports from India Ethanol procurement/blending under EBP programme increased from 38 Cr. litres in 2013-14 to 433.6 Cr. liters in 2021-22. Also, “Roadmap for Ethanol Blending in India 2020-25" laid out an annual plan to increase domestic ethanol production in line with goal of the amended National Policy on Biofuels (2018) as well as with its Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) Programme to reach a blending of 20% of ethanol in petrol (E20) by 2025/26. So, there is indeed a need of finding different ways of ethanol production. 2023 is celebrated as International Millet Year by implicating different GOI, policies to promote millets. Moreover, after COVID-19 humanity is in search of gluten-free diet. So, in this context, millets a group of single seed plants particularly belonging to the Poaceae or Gramineae family emerged as the best nutritious crops and bio-ethanol producers. Different studies specified that millets can be effectively utilized for ethanol production with limited supply of input in water scarcity areas. Studies in the last decade reveal that a few types of millet such as Sorghum (Sweet Sorghum, Grain Sorghum, and Fodder Sorghum), Pearl millet, Finger millet, Proso millet, Foxtail millet, Barnyard millet and Little millet and husk of millets have good potential to become a component crop for high ethanol production. In the present study ethanol production capacity from different millet are reviewed. It can be concluded that there is a need of more research and development in all millet groups along with capacity building for development of processing distilleries. This will ensure sustainability in farmers income as and nutritional security.

Author(s) Details:

Dheeraj Shinde,
Agricultural Development Trust, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Pune-I (Baramati) -413115 (Maharashtra), India.

Karanje S. V.,
Agricultural Development Trust, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Pune-I (Baramati) -413115 (Maharashtra), India.

Godase S. S.,
Agricultural Development Trust, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Pune-I (Baramati) -413115 (Maharashtra), India.

Jagdale Y. L.,
Agricultural Development Trust, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Pune-I (Baramati) -413115 (Maharashtra), India.

Jadhav M. A.,
Agricultural Development Trust, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Pune-I (Baramati) -413115 (Maharashtra), India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACAS-V2/article/view/13044

Production of Biofuel Using a Customized Semi-Batch Reactor| Chapter 2 | Progress in Chemical Science Research Vol. 5

 Experimenters are looking for further sustainable energy sources as a result of the rapid-fire reduction of crude oil painting wells, the rise in hothouse gas( GHG) emigrations, the issues associated with energy security, etc. Energy instability and other problems around the world have been determined to be stylish addressed by renewable energy sources( RES). The benefits of renewable energy haven't been seen in Africa because of the mainland's weak sustainable energy programs( though it has the necessary coffers). erecting a suitable pyrolysis reactor is a difficulty for numerous due to the challenges faced by renewable energy technologies( RETs) in Africa, particularly insub-Saharan Africa. Pyrolysis is an important system for the generation of biofuel. The ideal of the study is to design( using SOLIDWORKS software) and construct asemi-batch reactor, taking into consideration its process ’ kinetics, temperature range( up to 1000({ circ}) C), and feedstock( quality and volume). Following its development, the system was utilised to producebio-oil from cashew nut shell and polystyrene mixed with cashew nut shell. The feedstocks produced pyrolysis liquids with61.3 and64.58 yields, independently. This reactor was intended for laboratory use, still it can be gauged up for ménage use. Keywords Energy programs, Renewable energy, Biofuel, Pyrolysis, batch reactor, chemical kinetics, and RETs.

Author(s) Details:

A. H. Fombu,
Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria Nsukka (UNN), Nigeria.

A. E. Ochonogor,
Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria Nsukka (UNN), Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/PCSR-V5/article/view/8477

SWOT Analysis of Perennial vs Annual Energy Crops: A Case Study in Greece | chapter 3 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 3

 The EU bio-based economy requires a steady supply of biomass for a variety of applications, including pharmaceuticals, food, feed, bio-based materials, and bioenergy. In order to reduce competition for land, the yielding potential of energy crops (annual and perennial) must be as high as possible. Several perennial and annual energy crops have been cultivated for biofuel production in Europe over the last two decades. The main advantage of annual energy crops is that their agronomic management can be easily adapted from more traditional cultivation practices because they fit into current (rotation) farming systems. Perennial energy crops, on the other hand, are being specifically developed. The purpose of this paper is to compare some annual and perennial energy crops using the SWOT Analysis to determine the most socioeconomically and environmentally suitable crops for biofuel production in Greece and the Mediterranean region. Our research focuses on three perennial energy crops: Miscanthus (Miscanthus giganteus), Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus), and Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), and four annual energy crops: Sunflower (Helianthus spp.), Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), Rapeseed (Brassica napus), and Sorghum (Panicum virgatum) (Sorghum bicolor). The SWOT analysis reveals that the three perennial energy crops under consideration are an excellent alternative choice for marginal lands, especially because they do not require annual installation. They have high biomass yields, low crop costs (cardoon, switchgrass), and a diverse range of end uses. They are especially beneficial to the environment because they require few chemicals (cardoon), have a high energy content, and can be used for soil remediation (miscanthus) and phytoextraction of harmful or polluting substances. Some, however, have a high initial installation cost (miscanthus, switchgrass) and some are potentially invasive species (miscanthus, cardoon), while almost all mature. On the other hand, among the four annual energy crops are some well-known and well-accepted plants (sunflower, rapeseed) as well as some less common ones (kenaf, sorghum as an energy crop). They can be included in existing rotation farming schemes, and the majority of them, like winter cereals, can be grown using techniques that farmers are already familiar with (rapeseed). They present an environmentally friendly alternative crop choice in lands with limited or moderate water availability (sunflower, kenaf), with high yields and a wide range of potential uses, suitable for both small farmer cooperatives and large-scale farming. The best energy crop, whether annual or perennial, will be determined by a variety of socioeconomic and environmental factors.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Annoula Paschalidou
Department of Forestry and Management of the Environment and Natural Resources, Democritus University of Thrace, 193 Pantazidou Street, 68 200, Orestiada, Greece.

Dr. Michael Tsatiris
Department of Forestry and Management of the Environment and Natural Resources, Democritus University of Thrace, 193 Pantazidou Street, 68 200, Orestiada, Greece.

View Book :-  https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V3/article/view/1850