Comparative Kinetic Evaluation and Bio-energy Potential of Anaerobic Co-digestion of Cow Dung with Invasive Water Hyacinth and Agro-industrial Cassava Peels | Chapter 8 | Engineering Research: Perspectives on Recent Advances Vol. 12

 

Third-world areas are facing a two-fold problem in terms of how the organic waste streams can be handled and how they can be provided with predictable and decentralised energy. This research paper is a comparative kinetic evaluation of the anaerobic co-digestion of cow dung (CD) with 2 different high-carbon feedstuffs, cassava peel (CP) and water hyacinth (WH), on the stability, performance, and fuel quality of biogas produced under mesophilic batch anaerobic digestion. Three digestion systems were operated for 30 days: cow dung alone (CD), cow dung with cassava peel (CD+CP), and cow dung with water hyacinth (CD+WH). Daily monitoring of temperature, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), and gas yield provided insights into microbial activity and substrate behaviour. All digesters maintained constant mesophilic conditions (25 - 32 °C) and buffered pH values (7.2 - 8.9) for most of the retention period, with a final decline (≈5.2 - 6.1) marking substrate depletion. Co‑digestion markedly improved biogas productivity compared to mono‑digestion. The CD+WH blend produced 4,810 L of biogas (72.8% increase), with steady gas release linked to the gradual breakdown of lignocellulosic material. The CD+CP blend achieved the highest yield at 5,042 L (81.1% increase), driven by the rapid fermentation of cassava starch. Gas composition analysis showed methane concentrations peaking at 61.0% in CD+CP, compared with 52.0% in CD alone. However, all raw gases contained critically high hydrogen sulfide (5,000 - 8,000 ppm). A low-cost, locally designed and fabricated iron-oxide scrubber used during this work successfully eliminated H2S by reducing the concentration from about 8000 ppm to 0 ppm. Post-scrubbing flammability tests confirmed high-quality fuel, with co‑digested gases producing strong blue flames characteristic of methane-rich biogas. Beyond energy recovery, the study also demonstrated the agronomic value of the digester effluents. The nutrient-rich slurry was applied as fertiliser to plants, improving soil quality and supporting healthy growth, thereby closing the resource loop between waste management, energy generation, and agriculture. In addition to energy recovery, the nutrient-rich digester effluents were applied as fertiliser, improving soil quality and supporting plant growth. The findings demonstrate that co-digestion of cow dung with cassava peel or water hyacinth enhances biogas yield, methane content, and process stability while generating valuable organic fertiliser. This integrated approach supports decentralised renewable energy and sustainable agriculture in biomass-rich regions.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Stephen Oyelami
Centre for Gas, Refining and Petrochemical Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

 

Otaraku J. Ipeghan
Centre for Gas, Refining and Petrochemical Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

 

Akuma Oji
Centre for Gas, Refining and Petrochemical Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/erpra/v12/6953

 

Advancing Solar Thermal Energy in Mozambique: Technologies, Barriers and Sustainable Development Pathways | Chapter 5 | New Horizons of Science, Technology and Culture Vol. 4

 

Mozambique possesses one of the highest solar irradiation potentials in Southern Africa, offering a strategic opportunity for the development of solar thermal energy technologies. This study explores the status, challenges, and prospects of solar thermal energy in Mozambique, emphasising its role in sustainable building heating. Despite favourable natural conditions, the adoption of solar thermal systems remains limited due to economic, technical, and institutional barriers. The paper highlights successful case studies, such as the SOLTRAIN initiative, and discusses innovative approaches using alternative materials to reduce costs. It concludes by recommending targeted policies, local capacity building, and technological innovation to unlock the full potential of solar thermal energy in Mozambique.

Author(s) Details

Fernando Chichango
Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Natural Resources, Zambeze University, Mozambique.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nhstc/v4/6045

 

Present Energy Scenario and Solar Energy as an Alternative Option | Chapter 7 | New Horizons of Science, Technology and Culture Vol. 3

 

With the global energy demand surging and fossil fuel reserves depleting, solar energy has emerged as a pivotal alternative for clean and sustainable energy generation. Among solar thermal technologies, Flat Plate Collectors (FPCs) and Evacuated Tube Collectors (ETCs) are widely employed for domestic and industrial heating applications. This paper investigates the current energy scenario with a focus on solar energy as a replacement for conventional sources, and presents a comparative evaluation of FPCs and ETCs. The study highlights the distinct advantages of ETCs—such as higher thermal efficiency, better insulation, and improved performance under diffused radiation and colder climates. Through theoretical analysis and technical comparison, the findings reveal that ETCs consistently outperform FPCs, particularly in applications requiring high operating temperatures and year-round efficiency. As the need for reliable, low-emission energy systems grows, ETC-based solar heating systems offer a compelling solution for energy security and environmental protection.

 

Author(s) Details

Dilip Mishra
Faculty of Science & Technology, ICFAI University Raipur, NH-53, Raipur-Bhilai Highway, Kumhari, 490042, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India.

 

Ramesh Kumar Yadav
Faculty of Science & Technology, ICFAI University Raipur, NH-53, Raipur-Bhilai Highway, Kumhari, 490042, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India.

 

Debendra Shadangi
Faculty of Commerce, ICFAI University Raipur, NH-53, Raipur-Bhilai Highway, Kumhari, 490042, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nhstc/v3/5783

Towards Sustainable Electricity Generation: A Review of Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Sources | Chapter 2 | Current Approaches in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 6

 

As the global population grows and socio-economic development advances, the need for electricity continues to increase. However, the widespread use of fossil fuels for electricity generation has been reviewed to contribute 75% of the environmental pollution and presents a significant threat to the environment due to carbon dioxide emissions, exacerbating global warming. This paper explores various methods of electricity generation, encompassing non-renewable and renewable sources. It underscores the pressing need for increased research and investment in technologies to enhance the operational efficiency of renewable energy sources. By prioritising renewable energy development, especially in regions like Nigeria, where the full impact of global warming is not yet felt, we can achieve sustainable electricity generation, ensuring a cleaner and more secure energy future.

 

 

Author(s) Details

 

Ekundayo Gbenga
Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, P.M.B. 1019, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria

Oluwalami Abimbola Samuel
Department of Electrical/Electronic, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, P.M.B. 1019, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/caert/v6/785

Modified Ni/zeolite-type Catalyst for Triacetin Production as a Bio-Additive Fuel in a Fixed-Bed Reactor | Chapter 2 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Developments and Innovations Vol. 5

Glycerol, a byproduct of biodiesel, constitutes 10% of the total biodiesel volume. To enhance its economic value, it is important to explore methods to convert glycerol into other products. It is essential to find ways to effectively utilize glycerol in fuel to enhance energy security and improve fuel quality. One such method involves the esterification reaction of glycerol and acetic acid using a Ni/Zeolite heterogeneous catalyst to produce triacetin. Triacetin can serve as a fuel additive to reduce knocking in machinery. This study aims to assess the impact of glycerol mole on acetic acid, the influence of feed flow rate on glycerol conversion in a fixed bed reactor, and the effect of reaction products on fuel octane number. The methods used in this research are 1) Zeolite catalyst preparation, 2) Catalyst Modification, 3) Acetylation reaction, 3) Product analysis, 4) Analysis of glycerol conversion, and 5) Analysis of Octane Number. The esterification reaction was conducted at a temperature of 100oC, with varying mole ratios of glycerol to acetic acid (1:3, 1:5, 1:7, 1:9), and different feed flow rates in the fixed bed reactor (40, 60, 80, 100 mL/minute). Experimental results indicated that the highest glycerol conversion occurred at a feed flow rate of 40 mL/min and a glycerol to acetic acid ratio of 1:9, resulting in a glycerol conversion of 72.05%. Additionally, the product of the acetylation reaction was added to Indonesian commercial fuels (Premium, Pertalite, and Pertamax) at various percentages, leading to an increase in the octane number of the fuels. It can be concluded that the product of the acetylation reaction can function as a bio additive. The highest increase in octane number was observed by adding 8% of the product to Pertamax fuel, resulting in an 8.5% increase from the initial value of 93 to 101.

 

Author(s) Details

 Heny Dewajani
Chemical Engineering Program, Politeknik Negeri Malang, Jl. Soekarno Hatta No. 9, Malang, East Jawa, 65141, Indonesia.

 

Ade Sonya Suryandari
Chemical Engineering Program, Politeknik Negeri Malang, Jl. Soekarno Hatta No. 9, Malang, East Jawa, 65141, Indonesia.

 

Arum Kartikasari
Chemical Engineering Program, Politeknik Negeri Malang, Jl. Soekarno Hatta No. 9, Malang, East Jawa, 65141, Indonesia.

 

Febrianti U. D. Pratiwi
Chemical Engineering Program, Politeknik Negeri Malang, Jl. Soekarno Hatta No. 9, Malang, East Jawa, 65141, Indonesia.

Muhammad Hafizh Ahsan
Chemical Engineering Program, Politeknik Negeri Malang, Jl. Soekarno Hatta No. 9, Malang, East Jawa, 65141, Indonesia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsdi/v5/1473

 

Investigating the Interactions between Cultural Conditions in the Simultaneous Saccharification and Co-fermentation of Cassava Peels using Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Chapter 7 | Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 2

The development of cost-effective and efficient bioethanol production is essential for advancing renewable energy in Nigeria. Cassava peels, a widely available agro-waste material, provide a renewable and low-cost feedstock for bioethanol production. This study optimized bioethanol production from cassava peels by examining the impact of key process variables—pH, temperature, glucose concentration, inoculum size, and potassium nitrate—on bioethanol yield using a quadratic model and response surface methodology. Fermentation was conducted using Saccharomyces cerevisiae over a 120-hour period. The findings demonstrated that each of the key variables significantly influenced ethanol yield, with pH, temperature, glucose concentration, inoculum size, and potassium nitrate exhibiting statistically significant linear effects (p < 0.0001). Additionally, two-way interactions between these factors were also significant (p < 0.05), with temperature identified as the most influential variable on ethanol yield, closely followed by the interaction between glucose concentration and potassium nitrate. These results highlight the importance of optimizing these conditions for bioethanol production and highlight that the biochemical production of bioethanol from cassava peels is shaped by the combined effects of these variables. The study concludes that cassava peels are a promising sustainable and cost-effective feedstock for bioethanol production. Future research should explore the scalability of this optimized process for industrial applications, including pilot-scale and commercial production. Further investigation into other parameters, such as fermentation time, pressure, and alternative yeast strains, could enhance bioethanol yield. A comprehensive cost-benefit analysis and environmental impact assessment are also recommended to evaluate the economic and environmental viability of large-scale production. Government and industry stakeholders are encouraged to implement policies and incentives promoting agro-waste materials like cassava peels in renewable energy production, thereby fostering sustainability and reducing waste.

 

Author (s) Details

Temidayo O. Enetanya
Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.

 

Olusegun Oguntoke
Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.

 

Frank A. Orji
Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi, Nigeria.

 

Sarafadeen O. Kareem
Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.

 

Oluseyi Z. Ojekunle
Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.

 

Chinonso I. James
Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/geserh/v2/3426

Optimum Operation of Microgrid Systems that Employ PV Solar and Battery Systems | Chapter 2 | Science and Technology - Recent Updates and Future Prospects Vol. 3

 

On a global scale, over 1.3 billion lack access to electricity (85% in rural areas), and approximately 2.8 billion people rely on traditional biomass for cooking. The World Health Organization estimates that household air pollution from inefficient stoves causes more premature deaths than malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS. Increasing demand for energy has led to dramatic increases in emissions. The need for reliable electricity and limiting emissions drives research on Resilient Hybrid Energy Systems (RHESs), which provide cleaner energy by combining wind, solar, and biomass energy with traditional fossil energy, increasing production efficiency and reliability and reducing generating costs and emissions. Microgrids have been shown as an efficient means of implementing RHESs, with some focused mainly on reducing the environmental impact of electric power generation. The technical challenges of designing, implementing, and applying microgrids involve conducting a cradle-to-grave Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) to evaluate these systems’ environmental and economic performance under diverse operating conditions to evaluate resiliency. A sample RHES was developed and used to demonstrate the implementation in rural applications, where the system can provide reliable electricity for heating, cooling, lighting, and pumping clean water. The model and findings can be utilized by other regions around the globe facing similar challenges.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Joseph D. Smith
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA.

 

Haider Al-Rubaye
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA.

 

Mohammed H. S. Zangana
Natural Gas Processing & Multiphase Flow, Koya University, Koya 44023, Iraq.

 

Prashant Nagapurkar
Manufacturing Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.

 

Yishu Zhou
Economics Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA.

 

Greg Gelles
Economics Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/strufp/v3/7829A

Construction of Salinity Gradient Solar Pond and Its Maintenance | Chapter 4 | Emerging Issues in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 9

 The present study explores about salinity gradient solar pond construction and maintenance. Solar pond consists of three layers which are upper convective zone (UCZ), non-convective zone (NCZ) and lower convective zone (LCZ). The solar pond collects solar radiation and stores it at the bottom of the pond as thermal energy for a relatively longer period of time. The upper convective zone has the lowest density and temperature. Since renewable energy may prevent environmental contamination including air pollution, it has become a preferred alternative to fossil fuels. Future generations will considerably benefit from power generation from renewable energy sources due to the growing human population and increased demand for electricity. Solar energy is one of the renewable resources that may be used to power our systems. An inexpensive solar collector that can be utilized for long-term heat storage is the salinity gradient solar pond. The storage of heat is useful for the generation of power during cloudy day and at night, in addition being very useful compared to other solar system. In this research, the solar pond was filled with saline water with increasing of density from top to the bottom as solar radiation was being absorb at the bottom of the pond. This project mainly focused on the construction of the salinity gradient solar pond and the methods to maintain the condition of solar pond. The parameters, such as temperature, density and pH value of water in solar pond was obtained as part of the maintenance and stability of the pond. The construction and maintenance of this salinity gradient solar pond was simple and low cost thus it is good example to replace other type of solar system such as PV solar system.

Author(s) Details:

Syed Muhammad Faris Syed Mahizan,
School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.

Baljit Singh,
School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.

Aneurin Nanggar Nyandang,
School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.

Nuraida Aadilia Bahrin,
School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.

Muhammad Fairuz Remeli,
School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.

Amandeep Oberoi,
Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIEGES-V9/article/view/13832

Application of Life-Cycle Assessment to Evaluate the Carbon and Water Footprints of a Wind Farm in Villonaco, Loja, Ecuador | Chapter 6 | Theory and Applications of Engineering Research Vol. 5

The development of cleaner and efficient energy technologies and the use of new renewable energy sources will play an important role in the sustainable development of a future energy strategy. Wind technology is considered to be among the most promising types of renewable energy sources, and due to high oil prices and growing concerns about climate change and energy security, it has been the subject of extensive considerations in recent years, including questions related to the relative sustainability of electricity production when the manufacturing, assembly, transportation and dismantling processes of these facilities are taken into account. The capacity of new wind power installations worldwide increased by a value of 93 GW, representing a growth of 53% compared to 2019. The present article evaluates the environmental impacts, carbon emissions and water consumption, derived from the production of electric energy from the Villonaco wind farm, located in Loja, Ecuador, during its entire life cycle, using the Life Cycle Analysis for this purpose. Finally, it is concluded that wind energy has greater environmental advantages since it has lower values of carbon and water footprints than other energy sources. Additionally, with the techniques of Cumulative Energy Demand and Energy Return on Investment, sustainability in the production of electricity from wind power in Ecuador is demonstrated; and, that due to issues of vulnerability to climate change, the diversification of its energy mix is essential considering the inclusion of non-conventional renewable sources such as solar or wind, this being the only way to reduce both the carbon footprint and the water from the energy supply.

Author(s) Details:

Alberto Tama,
UCMA, Universitat Carlemany, Sant Julià de Lòria, Andorra.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TAER-V5/article/view/13297

Modelling of a Heating Chamber for Air Turbines: A Method of Optimizing Its Efficiency| Chapter 4 | New Frontiers in Physical Science Research Vol. 6

 Many investigators in miscellaneous fields of learning have focused their research on reconstructing comfort, usefulness, and lowering element emissions into the air. One of the SDGs' aims search out attain nothing carbon issuances. In order to realize this, element explosion in heat instruments must be stopped. To obtain this, thermodynamic processes that forbiddance handle natural fuel as their working fluid maybe grown. Researchers found the use of plentiful raw materials including cosmic, water, wind, and air—known as inexhaustible strengthes—in addition to hydrogen and synergistic smoke as a substitute for element explosion following in position or time learning this facts. These inexhaustible strengthes, at the same time, labored in several requests by way of their extreme beginning costs as well as their weak machinelike and overall adeptness.This study forged a warming chamber for air turbines that uses an isobaric growth process to make or become hot of air to the necessary hotness for it to efficiently roll turbine rotor blades. The warming section is created to pretend the adiabatic compression process secondhand in an air compressor portion of an air engine design. The warming compartment has an energetic stove as allure heat beginning and compressed air as allure heat decrease. The warm and business-related effectiveness of the heating room as a division of the air device that drives a machine has happened planned using Moran's Levelized Cost Method. The warming section bred the compacted air temperature to the necessary vehement hotness at a determined pressure. The is member shows the performance of the warming subdivision addition as an main component of an air turbine.

Author(s) Details:

Excel E. Adeniji,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.

Taiwo O. Asonja,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.

Taiwo Alare,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NFPSR-V6/article/view/9210

Use of Ship Main Engine Cooling Water for the Design of Micro Hydro Power Plants| Chapter 4 | Techniques and Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 4

The present study focal points the use of Ship Main Engine Cooling Water for the Design of Micro Hydro Power Plants. Renewable energy is non-fossil energy namely derived from character and is sustainable. If resources are trained effectively, they can too run out. By using the chilling water flow pressure machine ships as a water internal-combustion engine impeller manufactured in such a way so it can create power, he uses the cooling water disposal on welcome boat as an environmentally friendly strength-producing order. Commercial ships typically use large-competency cooling methods and large-sized tool, therefore the abating water flow capacity will be considerably larger. This prompted the event to create an instrument for employing renewable energy flow of cooling water subject in vain to alternate the propeller has been formulated into a micro hydro. And wonted results can help reduce the workload of the auxiliary motors which will further have an impact on the reduction of fuel use. The proposed water transformer will rotate as a result of fluid gushing by the pump, bearing electrical strength. When the ship sail, the illumination definitely need in each range, by using the electrical strength produced apiece auxiliary engine, this water turbine maybe applied before the fuel that had been used or drank by the auxiliary tool can be replaced for one electric energy produce by the water turbines for light ships. Testing of the example for a micro hydro generator on board a ship allowed a 40% efficiency. Thus, it can be pronounced that this ship's data processing machine hydro power system can humiliate energy devouring by up to 40%.

Author(s) Details:

Danny Faturachman,
Marine Engineering Department, Faculty of Marine Technology, Darma Persada University, Indonesia.

Endang Tri Pujiastuti,
Management Department, Faculty of Economy, Darma Persada University, Indonesia.

. Fridolini,
English Language and Culture Department, Faculty of Letters, Darma Persada University, Indonesia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TAIER-V4/article/view/8703

Production of Biofuel Using a Customized Semi-Batch Reactor| Chapter 2 | Progress in Chemical Science Research Vol. 5

 Experimenters are looking for further sustainable energy sources as a result of the rapid-fire reduction of crude oil painting wells, the rise in hothouse gas( GHG) emigrations, the issues associated with energy security, etc. Energy instability and other problems around the world have been determined to be stylish addressed by renewable energy sources( RES). The benefits of renewable energy haven't been seen in Africa because of the mainland's weak sustainable energy programs( though it has the necessary coffers). erecting a suitable pyrolysis reactor is a difficulty for numerous due to the challenges faced by renewable energy technologies( RETs) in Africa, particularly insub-Saharan Africa. Pyrolysis is an important system for the generation of biofuel. The ideal of the study is to design( using SOLIDWORKS software) and construct asemi-batch reactor, taking into consideration its process ’ kinetics, temperature range( up to 1000({ circ}) C), and feedstock( quality and volume). Following its development, the system was utilised to producebio-oil from cashew nut shell and polystyrene mixed with cashew nut shell. The feedstocks produced pyrolysis liquids with61.3 and64.58 yields, independently. This reactor was intended for laboratory use, still it can be gauged up for ménage use. Keywords Energy programs, Renewable energy, Biofuel, Pyrolysis, batch reactor, chemical kinetics, and RETs.

Author(s) Details:

A. H. Fombu,
Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria Nsukka (UNN), Nigeria.

A. E. Ochonogor,
Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria Nsukka (UNN), Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/PCSR-V5/article/view/8477

Design, Installation and Experimentation of a Photovoltaic Station Connected to the Electricity Grid on the Campus of the University of Oujda (Morocco) | Chapter 2 | Current Overview on Science and Technology Research Vol. 5

 This chapter's goal is to analyse and size a photovoltaic (PV) project connected to the electrical grid in order to lower the campus university's electricity costs in the technopole of Oujda (Morocco). We demonstrate the size calculation (using the PVsyst software) and functionality of a 10 kW solar station connected to the electrical grid to power the three-phase loads.

According to experimental findings from field tests, the 10 kWp installation linked to the network (50 Hz, 230 V, 16 A) primarily provides the three-phase loads before injecting any excess energy into the electrical grid.

The average voltages recorded on the phases (T, S, and R) are in the range of 238V, the currents measured on the phases (T, R, and S) range from 7 to 14 A, and the output voltages linked to the phases (SR, ST, and TR) are in the neighbourhood of 418V. All of the measurements made match the two installations' specs and simulations on the PVsyst programme in very good detail. The campus of the university in Oujda is totally run by sustainable photovoltaic electricity. Currently, we monitor the generation, use, and injection of electrical energy as well as the price of the electricity bill.

Author(s) Details:

A. Lamkaddem,
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Electromagnetic Mohamed First University, Signal Processing & Renewable Energy LESPRE, Team Electronic Materials & Renewable Energy EMRE, Oujda, Morocco.

N. El Moussaoui,
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Electromagnetic Mohamed First University, Signal Processing & Renewable Energy LESPRE, Team Electronic Materials & Renewable Energy EMRE, Oujda, Morocco.

M. Rhiat,
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Electromagnetic Mohamed First University, Signal Processing & Renewable Energy LESPRE, Team Electronic Materials & Renewable Energy EMRE, Oujda, Morocco.

K. Kassmi,
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Electromagnetic Mohamed First University, Signal Processing & Renewable Energy LESPRE, Team Electronic Materials & Renewable Energy EMRE, Oujda, Morocco.

R. Malek,
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Electromagnetic Mohamed First University, Signal Processing & Renewable Energy LESPRE, Team Electronic Materials & Renewable Energy EMRE, Oujda, Morocco.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COSTR-V5/article/view/8332

Economic Evaluation of Passive Solar Distillation System: A Recent Study | Chapter 9 | Technological Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 5

An economic study of a passive solar distillation unit is presented in this chapter. The startup and ongoing costs, system life, and estimated costs per unit mass of distilled water were used to evaluate the net present worth (NPW), benefit-cost ratio, payback period (PP), and internal rate of return (IRR) of a solar distillation unit. One simple and affordable low-carbon method is solar distillation. According to calculations, the Net Present Value (NPW), Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCRR), Payback Period (PP), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) are each Rs. 26945.72, 1.5632, 1.538 years, and 50%, respectively. This study demonstrated that one of the most alluring sources of energy for distilling water is solar energy.

Author (s) Details:

Raj Kumar,
Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, College of Technology and Engineering, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.

Kapil Kumar Samar,
Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, College of Technology and Engineering, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.

Sudhir Jain,
Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, College of Technology and Engineering, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.

Sonali Swetapadma Mohanty,
Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, College of Technology and Engineering, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TIER-V5/article/view/7468

Promising Materials for Renewable Energy Production and Sustainable Energy Generation | Chapter 02 | Research Developments in Science and Technology Vol. 1

 Materials provide enticing possibilities for obtaining renewable and sustainable energy for future generations. Thermally resistant materials can help you save money on your energy bills. Nanocoatings are being investigated for enhanced energy efficiency in gas turbine engines in this area. Composites, tailored polymers, hybrid materials, and low-density high-strength metals or alloys are examples of advanced materials that can increase the performance of energy production and energy transfer equipment. Low-cost functional materials for energy systems are in high demand. The development of new revolutionary materials for renewable and sustainable energy technologies has sparked a lot of scientific attention. Various materials ideal for sustainable energy conversion, storage, and saving, as well as materials essential for renewable energy production, are discussed in this book chapter. The existing materials' current difficulties and potential scope have also been described. The goal of this research is to focus on a variety of potential materials for sustainable energy generation and renewable energy production, as well as the opportunity and benefits of using those materials.

Author(S) Details

Poulomi Mukherjee
Bio-ceramics and Coating Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute (CSIR-CGCRI), Kolkata-700 032, India.

Pallabi Roy
Bio-ceramics and Coating Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute (CSIR-CGCRI), Kolkata-700 032, India and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh- 201 002, India.

Sumana Ghosh
Bio-ceramics and Coating Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute (CSIR-CGCRI), Kolkata-700 032, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDST-V1/article/view/6318

Faraday’s Iron Ring Experiment 1831’ Explained Better with ‘Gill’s Electronic Theory of Magnetism after 1964| Chapter 5 | Innovations in Science and Technology Vol.8

Why should 'Gill's electronic theory of magnetism 1964' and its dot product equations be used instead of 'Maxwell's dipole theory of magnetism 1873' and its cross-product equations?

With the help of 'Gill's electronic theory of magnetism 1964,' the following topics linked to Maxwell's equations will be revisited and explained:

With the help of 'Gill's electronic theory of magnetism 1964,' Faraday's law of induction [1] will be explained, and Faraday's iron ring experiment of 1831 will take us to the workings of a transformer.

'Gill's electronic theory of magnetism 1964' will be integrated with Ampere's law and Ampere's right-hand rule.

'Gill's electronic theory of magnetism 1964' will replace magnetic Gauss' law.

The law of electric Gauss will be changed.

'Gill's electronic theory of magnetism 1964' demonstrates how the magnetic force has longitudinal, positive, and negative torque components, as well as how the opposing forces from two ends of a magnet entwine to form a single magnetic force B.

The electron (-e) based negative force and the proton (+e) based positive force will be combined to form the electrical force E.

It will be discussed and computed how a copper wire in the centre of an electric coil can create an enhanced electron (-e) based electric current that rotates around the central axis of the coil (Coil effect)n and should be used as a renewable energy source derived from the SUN.

Finally, it will be demonstrated that the travelling force as a wave is a combination of the negative electron (-e) dependant force and the positive proton (+e) dependant force as they entwine while heading for each other, rather than a combination of the electrical and electromagnetic (or magnetic) forces.

Author(s) Details:

Avtar Singh Gill,
Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, Malaysia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/IST-V8/article/view/6246

An Introduction to Wind Energy Conversion System with Low Voltage Ride-Through Capability | Chapter 6 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 9

 The global demand for electrical energy is growing at twice the rate of primary energy demand. The current power system scenario necessitates very stable and high-quality power. Wind turbines and solar photovoltaic systems are examples of distributed generation that are important in the perception of green energy. To reduce CO2 emissions, electricity generation from renewable sources such as wind and solar is preferable. Wind energy is one of the most rapidly evolving energy streams among the sustainable options. The percentage of renewable energy in global generation is steadily increasing. The evolution of various wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) is discussed in this chapter, along with their benefits and drawbacks. The growing use of power electronic converter (PEC)-based renewable energy is changing power system dynamics and raising new issues about stability. Several concerns in the power system with the incorporation of wind energy are also covered, including power quality difficulties, low voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability, fault ride-through (FRT) capability, power oscillations, primary frequency regulation (PFR), virtual inertia support, and so on. Low voltage ride-through capability indicates that the WECS must remain connected to the grid (as per grid code) and produce a certain amount of reactive power during grid disturbances (with voltage dip). Grid code requirements in various nations will be met by the DFIG-based WECS, which will provide grid assistance during voltage dips produced by various grid breakdowns. To accomplish fault ride-through capability, the rotor side converter (RSC) and grid side converter (GSC) can be correctly controlled according to the grid code requirements.

Author(s) Details

Tomson Thomas
Department of Electrical Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology, Kottayam, Kerala, 686501, India.

M. R. Anoopraj
Department of Electrical Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology, Kottayam, Kerala, 686501, India.

A. Prince
Department of Electrical Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology, Kottayam, Kerala, 686501, India.

Ginu Ann George
Department of Electrical Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology, Kottayam, Kerala, 686501, India.

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Green Infrastructure to Develop Ecosystem Services in Synergy with Energy Transition Planning | Chapter 1 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 2

Relevant European policies have pushed the transformation of many agricultural crops into Photovoltaic (PV) farms in order to decarbonize the economy for sustainability. Reasonable spaces include the realization of ground-based PV farms that have many environmental effects on ecosystems and habitats caused by site modifications. In order to establish sustainable land use strategies for renewable energy, the idea of multifunctionality incorporated into landscape design is an acceptable analytical structure. The goal of this work is to address two examples of land-use multifunctional projects in the energy transition area of Apulia. The study proposes a methodology aimed at harmonizing the development of energy and enhancing ecosystem services, finding synergies between the various economic activities and stakeholders. This is the basis for the creation of landscape-based green infrastructure (GI) that generates more sustainability in energy transition planning. Unlike the normal design of farmland photovoltaic panels, the examples mentioned centered on a proposal for a combination of food-focused photovoltaic panels and biodiversity and ecological functions; water, raw materials and the provision of services with medical resources to support economic and social needs. In addition, this green infrastructure will strengthen regulatory services such as air quality management, climate control, waste treatment, soil fertility conservation, and pollination to reduce the environmental effect of photovoltaic farms. Climate regulation services will primarily increase the production of energy by reducing the temperature around the photovoltaic panels, providing good input in the business process. These GIs can be landscape habitat services that promote life cycle maintenance of migratory species and genetic diversity maintenance. These projects require a new vision of environmental aspects, which should be treated not only as potential impacts of human activity or as mitigation strategies, but also as an active component of photovoltaic design and, more generally, of planning for the energy transition.

Author (s) Details

Teodoro Semeraro
University of Salento, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Ecotekne, Prov. le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.

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