Modified Ni/zeolite-type Catalyst for Triacetin Production as a Bio-Additive Fuel in a Fixed-Bed Reactor | Chapter 2 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Developments and Innovations Vol. 5

Glycerol, a byproduct of biodiesel, constitutes 10% of the total biodiesel volume. To enhance its economic value, it is important to explore methods to convert glycerol into other products. It is essential to find ways to effectively utilize glycerol in fuel to enhance energy security and improve fuel quality. One such method involves the esterification reaction of glycerol and acetic acid using a Ni/Zeolite heterogeneous catalyst to produce triacetin. Triacetin can serve as a fuel additive to reduce knocking in machinery. This study aims to assess the impact of glycerol mole on acetic acid, the influence of feed flow rate on glycerol conversion in a fixed bed reactor, and the effect of reaction products on fuel octane number. The methods used in this research are 1) Zeolite catalyst preparation, 2) Catalyst Modification, 3) Acetylation reaction, 3) Product analysis, 4) Analysis of glycerol conversion, and 5) Analysis of Octane Number. The esterification reaction was conducted at a temperature of 100oC, with varying mole ratios of glycerol to acetic acid (1:3, 1:5, 1:7, 1:9), and different feed flow rates in the fixed bed reactor (40, 60, 80, 100 mL/minute). Experimental results indicated that the highest glycerol conversion occurred at a feed flow rate of 40 mL/min and a glycerol to acetic acid ratio of 1:9, resulting in a glycerol conversion of 72.05%. Additionally, the product of the acetylation reaction was added to Indonesian commercial fuels (Premium, Pertalite, and Pertamax) at various percentages, leading to an increase in the octane number of the fuels. It can be concluded that the product of the acetylation reaction can function as a bio additive. The highest increase in octane number was observed by adding 8% of the product to Pertamax fuel, resulting in an 8.5% increase from the initial value of 93 to 101.

 

Author(s) Details

 Heny Dewajani
Chemical Engineering Program, Politeknik Negeri Malang, Jl. Soekarno Hatta No. 9, Malang, East Jawa, 65141, Indonesia.

 

Ade Sonya Suryandari
Chemical Engineering Program, Politeknik Negeri Malang, Jl. Soekarno Hatta No. 9, Malang, East Jawa, 65141, Indonesia.

 

Arum Kartikasari
Chemical Engineering Program, Politeknik Negeri Malang, Jl. Soekarno Hatta No. 9, Malang, East Jawa, 65141, Indonesia.

 

Febrianti U. D. Pratiwi
Chemical Engineering Program, Politeknik Negeri Malang, Jl. Soekarno Hatta No. 9, Malang, East Jawa, 65141, Indonesia.

Muhammad Hafizh Ahsan
Chemical Engineering Program, Politeknik Negeri Malang, Jl. Soekarno Hatta No. 9, Malang, East Jawa, 65141, Indonesia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsdi/v5/1473

 

A Consideration of Forest Residues in Biomass for Bioenergy | Chapter 1 | Advances and Challenges in Science and Technology Vol. 8

 With the big destruction of natural wood resources and increasing interest in the atmosphere in recent age, there is an increasing interest in accumulating and evaluating secondary thicket residues and waste (biomass). In this context, woody residues/wastes that happen during harvesting enhanced an interesting point of energy result. Forest residues are biomass feedstock that can be secondhand for bioenergy production. They are the byproducts of forest gathering and wood product production, including branches, tops, and different woody debris. After woodland harvesting practices, those inferior sources (i.e., barks, cones, thin width wood materials, arms) mainly stayed on the woodland floors. Those low quality sources that accrue on the forest floor, can lead to the growth and acceleration of thicket fires. There have been numerous studies attended to utilize those sources for advantage-added products, chiefly energy production. Those biomass beginnings could be secondhand in energy production as a economical benefit for them.

Author(s) Details:

Halil Turgut Sahin,
Department of Forest Products Engineering, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Isparta, Turkiye.

Ismail Dutkuner,
Department of Forest Engineering, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Isparta, Turkiye.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACST-V8/article/view/12355

Assessment of Factors Affecting the Adoption of Alternative Sources of Energy in Limbuli, Malawi | Chapter 10 | Novel Perspectives of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 8

 There is an raised demand for energy on account of the continuously increasing human population. Due to the increase in strength demand, fossil fuel reserves are being briskly depleted; reliance on fossil fuels as a beginning of energy damages the surroundings in many aspects. This practice maybe halted if we switch to energy from undepletable source sources like wind, solar and hydrophone. This study determined factors that bring about low Adoption of alternative strength sources. The study accepted place in Limbuli in Mulanje, Malawi. It used layered sampling to sample 80 households in the element of the Limbuli estate. Fifty-seven households were interrogated to gain an in-depth understanding of determinants that affect the Adoption of alternative strength sources. It raise that the expensiveness and unreliability of alternative strength sources influence their Adoption. It also shows a direct connection between adopting alternative strength sources and instruction and income level.Further, it signifies that culture and information of alternative energy beginnings have less significance on their Adoption. It decides that the Adoption of alternative sources of energy persists to be an extent of further consideration. The study approves that Lessons on alternative energy beginnings that focus on the psychology change towards alternative energy beginnings should be affiliated with primary schools, and knowledge campaigns should be exhausted the community.

Author(s) Details:

Bettie Mwakabanga,
Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, The Catholic University of Malawi, Malawi.

Maureen Kapute Mzuza,
Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, The Catholic University of Malawi, Malawi.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NPGEES-V8/article/view/11018

Scrutiny of Bio-Gas from Kitchen Waste by Means of Anaerobic Digester | Chapter 1 | Cutting Edge Research in Biology Vol. 7

 The augmentation of the energy subdivisions is the focus of research projects everywhere in the world. Because strength will become progressively important in all facets of human life from now on years. Fossil fuels provide the institution for the generation of normal energy. Researchers concentrate on judgment ways to switch from utilizing fossil fuels to producing strength from renewable beginnings. One method of produce energy is using room for cooking food garbage to produce biogas. Anaerobic digesting is economical and environmentally friendly. Methane and colorless odorless gas are the two main parts of the biogas produced by anaerobic digestion of room for cooking food trash. Using sodium hydroxide helps the anaerobic digesting process retain its alkalinity (pH = 7). To evaluate this method of produce energy on our campus, Stella Mary’s College of Engineering, Nagercoil, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India, a model is founded with fundamental design and implement in our campus and get analysed.

Author(s) Details:

M. Sivaprakash,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stella Mary’s College of Engineering, Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, India.

S. R. Raj Kumar,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stella Mary’s College of Engineering, Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, India.

C. Dhayananth Jegan,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stella Mary’s College of Engineering, Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, India.

I. P. Rakhesh,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stella Mary’s College of Engineering, Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CERB-V7/article/view/10330

Emphasizing the Importance of Hard Coal in Electricity Generation in Poland | Chapter 6 | Recent Developments in Engineering Research Vol. 12

 The Polish energy sector is facing a number of challenges, including the reconstruction of production capacity, the diversification of energy sources, environmental concerns, adequate fuel supplies, and others. The mandatory implementation of Europe 2020 strategy in terms of “3x20” targets (20% reduction of greenhouse gases, 20% energy from renewable sources, and 20% increase in energy production efficiency) necessitates quick decisions that must be coordinated with energetic safety issues, increasing demand for electric energy, and other factors. Because nearly 80% of Poland's power is generated by coal-fired power plants, and energy from hard coals is relatively less expensive, Most renewable energy-related plants are unable to generate enough power to compete with coal-fired power plants and are prohibitively expensive, resulting in high electricity prices. Alternatively, a new generation of coal-fired power plants can significantly increase efficiency, reduce carbon dioxide emissions, and generate less expensive electric power in sufficient quantities to meet a country's needs. Electric energy production costs will be influenced by the purchase of emission allowances and the implementation of carbon dioxide capture and storage systems; however, increased electric energy prices may be offset, at least partially, by improved efficiency.

Author(s) Details

Franciszek Plewa
Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland.

Grzegorz Strozik
Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDER-V12/article/view/1483