Synergistic Integration of Top-lit Up Draft and Rocket Principles in a Novel Biomass Cook Stove for Enhanced Thermal Efficiency | Chapter 9 | Engineering Research: Perspectives on Recent Advances Vol. 10

 

Traditional open fire methods are used by many people in developing countries for cooking and heating, but they are inefficient in burning fuel. In Sierra Leone, the majority of the population, especially those living in rural communities, prepare their food using a three-stone fire stove, which is inefficient in terms of fuel use, leading to more trees being cut down, which increases deforestation. A stove that uses less fuel and takes less time to perform heating and cooking tasks can help solve these issues. Better design methods of cook stoves are needed to help increase thermal efficiency, and to reduce pollutants, health risks and fuel usage. Thus, the essence of this study is to design and produce an improved solid biomass cook stove that can transfer heat more efficiently, thereby using less fuel. Design processes were done with the help of the Automatic Computer-Aided Design (AutoCAD) software, version 24.3. Thermal performance metrics such as temperature, heat flow across the combustion chamber, burning rate, specific fuel combustion, power consumed and thermal efficiency are considered in the design process. Mild steel was used to fabricate the entire stove, which is widely available and cheaper. The parts were joined through Arc welding, while four roller bearings provided movement of the combustion chamber for reloading of fuel. Performance of the stove was tested using the Water Boiling Test. Thermal efficiency results for the rocket, natural draft and forced draft are 39.55%, 48.68% and 52.48% respectively. Burning rates for forced draft operation were 6.76g/s, while those for rocket and natural were 2.97g/s, 4.11g/s respectively. Specific fuel consumptions for the three tests were 0.62 Kg wood/Kg water, 0.72 Kg wood/Kg water and 0.77 Kg wood/Kg water. The time taken to boil water was lowest for the forced draft (6 minutes), which is due to the faster rate of air supplied to the fuel, but it consumed more fuel than the other two methods. These results demonstrate that a well-designed improved cook stove is more efficient than traditional stoves by enhancing the mixing of combustible gases and oxygen, leading to more complete combustion and lower emissions. This stove operates on both rocket and Top-Lit Up Draft combustion principles, making it suitable for various solid biomass fuels and continuous operation.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Sheriff Kamara
Department of Mechanical and Maintenance, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Fourah Bay College, University of Sierra Leone, Sierra Leone.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/erpra/v10/6191

Present Energy Scenario and Solar Energy as an Alternative Option | Chapter 7 | New Horizons of Science, Technology and Culture Vol. 3

 

With the global energy demand surging and fossil fuel reserves depleting, solar energy has emerged as a pivotal alternative for clean and sustainable energy generation. Among solar thermal technologies, Flat Plate Collectors (FPCs) and Evacuated Tube Collectors (ETCs) are widely employed for domestic and industrial heating applications. This paper investigates the current energy scenario with a focus on solar energy as a replacement for conventional sources, and presents a comparative evaluation of FPCs and ETCs. The study highlights the distinct advantages of ETCs—such as higher thermal efficiency, better insulation, and improved performance under diffused radiation and colder climates. Through theoretical analysis and technical comparison, the findings reveal that ETCs consistently outperform FPCs, particularly in applications requiring high operating temperatures and year-round efficiency. As the need for reliable, low-emission energy systems grows, ETC-based solar heating systems offer a compelling solution for energy security and environmental protection.

 

Author(s) Details

Dilip Mishra
Faculty of Science & Technology, ICFAI University Raipur, NH-53, Raipur-Bhilai Highway, Kumhari, 490042, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India.

 

Ramesh Kumar Yadav
Faculty of Science & Technology, ICFAI University Raipur, NH-53, Raipur-Bhilai Highway, Kumhari, 490042, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India.

 

Debendra Shadangi
Faculty of Commerce, ICFAI University Raipur, NH-53, Raipur-Bhilai Highway, Kumhari, 490042, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nhstc/v3/5783

Cooling of an Exhaust Chamber of Jet Engine by Near-Wall Swirl Gas and Liquid Flow | Chapter 7 | Physical Science: New Insights and Developments Vol. 1

This paper addressed the problems of supersonic flow turning at the Laval nozzle outlet and the protection of the confining surface against combustion products. In both cases, the swirl of the near-wall jet plays an active role. In the context of vortex motion, radial pressure gradient emerges, thereby serving as a mechanism for controlling supersonic flow and changing its direction. Furthermore, the swirl near-wall jet can be used independently or in combination with a cooling liquid film for surface protection. As an example, supersonic flow in a conical Laval nozzle with an exhaust into a channel with a small constriction is considered. A swirl near-wall jet is organised at the nozzle outlet. The liquid is either atomised in the jet or delivered as a film along the surface. The liquid film formed at the channel surface as a result of deposition from the gas-droplet near-wall jet, or fed specially, is an effective means to enhance cooling. The structure of the near-wall flow and the efficiency of two-phase cooling are analysed based on available experiments. It is demonstrated that the combined gas and liquid film protection can be calculated as that for the laminar flow regime, and is the ultimate possible.

 

Author(s) Details

N.E. Shishkin
Kutateladze Istitute of Thermophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/psniad/v1/5585

Individually Finned Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger for Air Conditioning with Freon R404A as Working Fluid by Localized Theoretical Analysis Using Thermal Efficiency Concept | Chapter 10 | Current Perspective to Physical Science Research Vol. 6

 This work contributes to the improvement of energy-saving in air conditioning system. The objective is to apply the thermal efficiency of heat exchangers for localized determination of the thermal performance of heat exchangers with individually finned heat pipes. The fundamental parameters used for performance analysis were the number of fins per heat pipe, the number of heat pipes, the inlet temperatures, and the flow rates of hot and cold fluids. The heat exchanger under analysis uses Freon 404A as a working fluid in an air conditioning system for cooling in the Evaporator and energy recovery in the Condenser. The theoretical model is localized and applied individually to the Evaporator, Condenser, and heat exchanger regions. The results obtained through the simulation are compared with experimental results that use a global approach for the heat exchanger. The thermal quantities obtained through the theoretical model in the mentioned regions are air velocity, Nusselt number, thermal effectiveness, heat transfer rate, and outlet temperature. The comparisons made with global experimental results are in excellent agreement, demonstrating that the localized theoretical approach developed is consistent and can be used as a comprehensive analysis tool for heat exchangers using heat pipes. The maximum absolute error for effectiveness is equal to 58.9%, and the minimum absolute error is equal to 2.2%. The maximum absolute error for heat transfer rate is equal to 41.4%, and the minimum absolute error is equal to 0.9%.

Author(s) Details:

Élcio Nogueira,
Department of Mechanic and Energy, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPPSR-V6/article/view/13397

Finite Time Thermodynamic Optimization for Air Standard Thermal Power Cycles | Book Publisher International

 Considering the different specific heat models of working fluid, the performances of endoreversible and irreversible air-standard thermal power cycles, including Otto, Diesel, Atkinson, Brayton, Dual, Miller, Dual-Miller, Meletis-Georgiou and six-branch universal cycles, are optimized by using new branch of modern thermodynamics, i.e. finite time thermodynamics. The optimization objectives include the power (work) output, thermal efficiency, ecological function (the compromise between exergy output rate and exergy loss rate) and ecological coefficient of performance of the air standard cycle. The specific heat models include constant specific heat, specific heat varies linearly and nonlinearly with temperature of working fluid, and specific heat ratio varies linearly and nonlinearly with temperature of working fluid. The effects of specific heat models, design parameters and loss items on the optimal performances of thermal power cycles are analyzed. The results obtained in this book can provide theoretical guidelines for optimal designs of practical air standard thermal power cycles.

Author(s) Details:

Lingen Chen,
Wuhan Institute of Technology, China.

Yanlin Ge,
Wuhan Institute of Technology, China.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/FTTOASTPC/article/view/12136

Heat and Mass Transfer between Coaxial Jets in the Pipe | Chapter 2 | Fundamental Research and Application of Physical Science Vol. 8

The answer to many technical questions involves the arranging of the swirling gas abating flow, the selection of allure parameters that guarantee the stabilization of the principal flow, and the thermal protection of the channel surface. Most of complete showing the effect of individual or another parameter do not admit generalizing two together their own experimental data and dossier of similar studies that would admit designing strength devices accompanying the necessary accomplishment characteristics.This chapter presents the results of experiments, administered both by various researchers and me. The study is devoted to the allocation of temperature and concentration of smoke when mixing chain flows at the axis and at the channel divider. Changes in factors, in the way that the flow regime, the density percentage of both flows, the quality of twist of the peripheral jet, and the proportion of flows were considered inside a wide range of limits. The temperature and kinematic characteristics of the flow in drawing of individual parts of mechanism along the channel distance were studied, and statement dependences for divider thermal protection influence at the channel axis and in the jet joining layer were projected.

Author(s) Details:

N. E. Shishkin,
Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/FRAPS-V8/article/view/11671

Two Stroke Double Power Ecological Engine with Spark Assisted Compression Ignition| Chapter 3 | Technological Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 7

 The car industry has mostly rejected two-stroke engines from urban construction due to a number of unresolved difficulties, including greater pollution, fuel consumption, and impractical oiling in the combustion chamber. Even so, it still promotes a remarkable advantage by producing twice as much quick potential power as a four-stroke engine. The two-stroke double potential power ecological engine with spark assisted compression ignition, which can maintain lower emissions, better fuel consumption, and fuel type practicality while improving the thermal efficiency of the double power generation, is the subject of a number of research publications. Technical development findings have been set aside for certain uses, as a result, this content will be presented using a conceptual design in order to be eligible for academic publication.  Since the Double Power Ecological Engine's design has already been published, as noted in the first reference, some specific thermodynamic considerations won't be revisited. The management of the combustion cycle's phases, the air-fuel ratio's control, the introduction of a novel technique to get rid of the knock limit, and improving thermal efficiency will all be characteristics of the design of a new building.

Author(s) Details:

Iwan Harianton,
IC Engine, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Bandung Polytechnic for Manufacturing, Indonesia and RAPID Research Group on IC Engine-Directorate General of Higher Education, Indonesia.

Iman Kartolaksono Reksowardojo,
Combustion Engine and Propulsion System Laboratory, Indonesia.

Noval Lilansa,
RAPID Research Group on IC Engine-Directorate General of Higher Education, Indonesia.

Ayi Ruswandi,
RAPID Research Group on IC Engine-Directorate General of Higher Education, Indonesia.

Beny Bandanajaya,
RAPID Research Group on IC Engine-Directorate General of Higher Education, Indonesia.

Suwadi Suparlan,
RAPID Research Group on IC Engine-Directorate General of Higher Education, Indonesia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TIER-V7/article/view/7918

Study on SIR Epidemic Model with Constant Vaccination: A Differential Transformation Approach | Chapter 10 | Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 12

Vaccination initiatives have resulted in significant levels of permanent protection against the childhood disease in the general population over the years. Infectious disorders affecting children are the most common. In this paper, a SIR model is created to track the temporal dynamics of a childhood disease in the presence of a preventative vaccine. For disease control and eradication, the qualitative analysis provides the vaccine reproductive number R V. The goal of this study is to use the differential transformation method (DTM) to compute an approximation to the solution of the problem's nonlinear system of differential equations. To demonstrate the answers, graphical results are provided and quantitatively discussed.

Author (S) Details

S. F. M. Ibrahim
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of science For Girls, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis, Roxy, Cairo, Egypt.

Soad Moftah Ismail
Department of Basic science, Faculty of Engineering, Misr University For Science &Technology, Al-Motamayez District, 6Th of October City, Egypt.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CASTR-V12/article/view/2602

Study on Adhesion of Bacterio-contaminants to Fragments of Rocks Immersed in Water: Impact of Some Chemical Properties of the Medium and Intrinsic to the Cells | Chapter 9 | Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 12

 A study was conducted in an aquatic microcosm with the goal of determining the impact of environmental chemical factors and cell-specific characteristics on the retention of bacterial pollutants in the aquatic environment on solid substrates. Sandstone, basalt, granite, and micaschist were employed as rocky substrates. There are four main petrographic and mineralogical features in these rocks. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae, and Enterococcus faecalis were among the bacteria obtained using normal procedures and utilised for adhesion testing. These bacteria are rod-shaped, comma-shaped, and spherical-shaped, with or without a flagellum. Furthermore, this ciliature, if present, might be single or in tufts, polar or non-polar, and can cover the entire cell. The pH of the medium, as well as the concentrations of BOM and salts, were all different. The bacteria were incubated for 180 to 1440 minutes to allow them to attach to the substrates. The adhering cells were then separated in a sterile environment by placing the pebbles in three test tubes, each containing 10 ml of sterile physiological water (0.85 percent NaCl). Bacteria found in surface or groundwater appear to be able to cling to the surfaces of inorganic rocks in various quantities. The natural cleaning of wastewater is aided by the adherence and retention of microorganisms. The adhesion of P. aeruginosa, V. cholerae, and E. faecalis changes with time. Overall, adhesion rates range from 11 to 12.44x103 cells/cm2/h, with E. faecalis adhering more quickly simply due to gravity. Environmental circumstances, as well as the chemical characteristics of rocks and soil, play a role in these rate fluctuations. Flagellum serves a dual purpose in attracting and relaunching microorganisms from their substrates.

Author (S) Details

Olive Vivien Noah Ewoti
Laboratory of Hydobiology and Environment, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, PO Box 812, Cameroon.

Daniel Ebang Menye
University of Maroua, Higher Teacher’s Training School College, P.O Box 55 Maroua, Cameroon.

Raoul Polycarpe Tuekam Kayo
Laboratory of microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Bamenda, Cameroon.

Luciane Marlyse Moungang
Laboratory of Hydobiology and Environment, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, PO Box 812, Cameroon.

Antoine Tamsa Arfao
Laboratory of Hydobiology and Environment, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, PO Box 812, Cameroon.

Samuel Davy Baleng
Laboratory of Hydobiology and Environment, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, PO Box 812, Cameroon.

Yves Yogne Poutoum
Laboratory of Hydobiology and Environment, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, PO Box 812, Cameroon.

Moïse Nola
Laboratory of Hydobiology and Environment, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, PO Box 812, Cameroon.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CASTR-V12/article/view/2601

Thermal and Flow Analysis of the Helical Coil Heat Exchanger Used in an Aqueous Solution of Ammonium Nitrate Solubility (ANSOL) with 20% H2O and 80% AN | Chapter 8 | Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 12

 The goal of the case study is to determine the steam flow rate and saturation temperature that will allow a solution of water and ammonia nitrate (ANSOL) to be heated in a shell and helical coil tube heat exchanger during a time period without the ANSOL solution crystallising. The solution's desired production per batch is 5750 kg in 80 minutes. The heat transfer rate and temperature profiles that satisfy the imposed criterion within a given degree of safety and at the lowest possible cost in steam generation are determined using the concepts of efficiency and effectiveness. The Reynolds number, Nusselt number, and global heat transfer coefficient for the shell and helical coil tube heat exchanger are intermediate quantities required to achieve the goal. The water is heated for a predetermined amount of time before the ammonium nitrate is introduced to a given flow at a predetermined mass flow rate.

Author (S) Details

Élcio Nogueira
Department of Mechanics and Energy - DEM, State University of Rio de Janeiro - UERJ, Resende, Brazil.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CASTR-V12/article/view/2600