Synergistic Integration of Top-lit Up Draft and Rocket Principles in a Novel Biomass Cook Stove for Enhanced Thermal Efficiency | Chapter 9 | Engineering Research: Perspectives on Recent Advances Vol. 10

 

Traditional open fire methods are used by many people in developing countries for cooking and heating, but they are inefficient in burning fuel. In Sierra Leone, the majority of the population, especially those living in rural communities, prepare their food using a three-stone fire stove, which is inefficient in terms of fuel use, leading to more trees being cut down, which increases deforestation. A stove that uses less fuel and takes less time to perform heating and cooking tasks can help solve these issues. Better design methods of cook stoves are needed to help increase thermal efficiency, and to reduce pollutants, health risks and fuel usage. Thus, the essence of this study is to design and produce an improved solid biomass cook stove that can transfer heat more efficiently, thereby using less fuel. Design processes were done with the help of the Automatic Computer-Aided Design (AutoCAD) software, version 24.3. Thermal performance metrics such as temperature, heat flow across the combustion chamber, burning rate, specific fuel combustion, power consumed and thermal efficiency are considered in the design process. Mild steel was used to fabricate the entire stove, which is widely available and cheaper. The parts were joined through Arc welding, while four roller bearings provided movement of the combustion chamber for reloading of fuel. Performance of the stove was tested using the Water Boiling Test. Thermal efficiency results for the rocket, natural draft and forced draft are 39.55%, 48.68% and 52.48% respectively. Burning rates for forced draft operation were 6.76g/s, while those for rocket and natural were 2.97g/s, 4.11g/s respectively. Specific fuel consumptions for the three tests were 0.62 Kg wood/Kg water, 0.72 Kg wood/Kg water and 0.77 Kg wood/Kg water. The time taken to boil water was lowest for the forced draft (6 minutes), which is due to the faster rate of air supplied to the fuel, but it consumed more fuel than the other two methods. These results demonstrate that a well-designed improved cook stove is more efficient than traditional stoves by enhancing the mixing of combustible gases and oxygen, leading to more complete combustion and lower emissions. This stove operates on both rocket and Top-Lit Up Draft combustion principles, making it suitable for various solid biomass fuels and continuous operation.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Sheriff Kamara
Department of Mechanical and Maintenance, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Fourah Bay College, University of Sierra Leone, Sierra Leone.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/erpra/v10/6191

Estimating the Geodynamical Conditions of Region of Burning Coal Dumps | Chapter 5 | Contemporary Perspective on Science, Technology and Research Vol. 3

This phase estimate the linkage of burning depression to boundaries of geodynamically active coating blocks (geodynamically dangerous zones) for after development of recommendations for lowering environmental hazard. Despite the steps being captured, the ecosystem of mining domains continues expected negatively impacted for one spontaneous burning of bitumen wastes. The hypothesis, which is suggest in the study, holds that coal dumps that are in the direction of the edges of blocks of crust that are geodynamically alive encourage the formation of benign conditions for the combustion of the waste commodity. Currently, platforms in addition to tectonic project zones exhibit geodynamically active crust weaknesses that have an impact on engineering convenience operation conditions. In accordance with the concept of geodynamical edging, geodynamically dangerous zones for engineering forms can be not only large, shapely crust faults, but more just formed fractures that appear as edges of geodynamically impacting and hierarchically orderly crust blocks.The analysis of 27 bitumen dumps location was created for one of the Eastern Donbass domains (Russia), 16 of which are blazing. Nine of the sixteen burning dumps are situated in geodynamically hazardous zones, which resources that the concentration (pcs/km2) of blazing dumps in these zones is 14 times above the average value. Because the probability of accidental acquiring of such a result is extremely depressed, this can be considered as the evidence of the relation of burning depression to geodynamically dangerous zones. All geodynamically risky zones maybe separated into compression and pressure zones based on the strained state of the rock mountain system in this area. Despite the small statistics, skilled are twice as many burning depression in tension zones as in compression zones. The study told that more favorable conditions for the rupture of the dump's insulating course and air intake into allure body through cracks caused by friction force occur on the edges of crust blocks accompanying tensile conditions. The warm monitoring statistics that are now available for blazing dumps in this area likewise demonstrate the observation of linearly lengthened firing sources familiarize along geodynamically dangerous zones. The obtained results show that geodynamical conditions of excavating region, in which bitumen dumps are located, is main factor that impacts the invention of conditions for their spontaneous explosion and subsequent impact on the atmosphere. Then this factor endure be controlled by choosing the place for depression location. It is projected to carry out these works for the complete mining region of the East Donbass, where there are in addition to 200 coal depression.

Author(s) Details:

Andrian Batugin,
National University of Science and Technology «MISiS», 119049 Leninsky Prosp., 4, Moscow, Russia.

Valeria Musina,
National University of Science and Technology «MISiS», 119049 Leninsky Prosp., 4, Moscow, Russia.

Irina Golovko,
National University of Science and Technology «MISiS», 119049 Leninsky Prosp., 4, Moscow, Russia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPSTR-V3/article/view/12917

Combustion: A Sustainable Way to Generate Energy from Olive Pits and Its CFD Application | Chapter 1 | Research Highlights in Science and Technology Vol. 5

 Biomass explosion has become a critical conversion process for producing a clean strength in the form of heat in domestic stoves and/or power in power plants. Currently, brownish pits/stones are appealing solid biofuels due to their physic-synthetic characteristics. However, the complicatedness of the combustion process and the burdensome and high cost exploratory tests have made the use of CFD calculations a powerful necessity. Indeed, CFD established modelling and imitation has proved the capability of optimising miscellaneous combustion limits up reaching best choice solution. Hence, the chapter gives a comprehensive review of the traits of olive pits in allure raw and densified form and the act of the combustion technologies. It survey, in another way, the analytical equations commanding the heat and mass transfer accompanying a detail sub-model. It gives a detailed writing of the heterogeneous and comparable chemical responses phenomenon and the smoke flow in the case of a fixed bed combustor fed by brownish pits using comsol multiphysics.

Author(s) Details:

Mohamed Ali Mami,
Faculty of Sciences of Monastir (FSM), University of Monastir, Ionized and Reactive Media Studies Research Laboratory (EMIR), 15 Avenue Ibn El Jazzar Monastir 5019, Tunisia.

Marzouk Lajili,
Faculty of Sciences of Monastir (FSM), University of Monastir, Ionized and Reactive Media Studies Research Laboratory (EMIR), 15 Avenue Ibn El Jazzar Monastir 5019, Tunisia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHST-V5/article/view/11140

Theoretical and Experimental Validation of Engine Performance and Combustion Characteristics in a Spark Ignition Engine | Chapter 1 | Fundamental Research and Application of Physical Science Vol. 7

 The objective of the study search out validate by test theoretical parameters of efficiency and combustion traits obtained utilizing kiva4. Engine performance is critical in understanding the movement of an internal explosion engine. It is usually presented by characteristic curves or characteristic profiles that are a function of engine limits. Experiments and measurements were performed in an instrument test room in the area of Electrical Engineering at The Copperbelt University in Kitwe Zambia. The engine on that tests were conducted was mounted on a test courtroom and it was fitted accompanying an air-cooled eddy current dynamometer that was able to provide a maximum inexperienced torque of 34 N-m accompanying a precision of ± 0.5%. Test data to substantiate kiva4 simulation results were attended on a 3-cylinder, four-stroke Volkswagen (VW) Polo 6 TSI 1.2 fuel engine. In one set, alternatives in exhaust vapor temperature were intentional by varying the engine load, while custody the engine speed nonstop. In another test, exhaust vapor temperature variations were intentional by keeping the generator at no load whilst varying the speeds. A tertiary experiment examined vacillations in exhaust vapor temperature while the engine was operating under a nonstop load and different weapon speeds. An itape17 file with a 450 uneven mesh was produced using the plain grid/mesh dynamo K3PREP in order to analyse vacillations in exhaust gas hotnesses under test settings. Simulations were so performed established the input parameters settled in the conducted tests. Results presented that, in the first test, power increased accompanying load while specific fuel use reduced and brake warm efficiency improved. In the second test, consume gas hotnesses ranged from 510K to 685K while simulations accompanying the Kiva4 code showed drain gas hotnesses of 507K and 667K at 850rpm and 2500rpm, respectively. In the tertiary test experimental results for the exhaust smoke temperatures were 474K to 575K distinguished with Kiva4 results, of 507K to 667K at 2000rpm and 2500rpm, respectively. Simulations accompanying the kiva4 code presented a significant sameness of the performance characteristics of the power plant. This was evident in the considerable agreement got in the simulation results when compared accompanying the test data, under the thought-out test conditions. The impoverish gas temperature fluctuates contingent upon the engine load and speed as the consume gas temperature increases accompanying increasing speed and load. There are still temperature pulsations, generated by the character and composition of the internal explosion engine, place the individual chambers ignite gradually, and the equivalent temperature pulsations happen in the exhaust pipe. A portion error, between exploratory results and results from simulations with the kiva4 law of only between 2% to 3% was observed.

Author(s) Details:

J. Lungu,
School of Engineering, The Copperbelt University, Riverside Campus, Jambo Drive, Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia.

L. Siwale,
School of Engineering, The Copperbelt University, Riverside Campus, Jambo Drive, Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia.

R. J. Kashinga,
School of Engineering, The Copperbelt University, Riverside Campus, Jambo Drive, Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia.

S. Chama,
School of Engineering, The Copperbelt University, Riverside Campus, Jambo Drive, Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia.

A. Bereczky,
Department of Energy Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Bertalan Lajos u. 4–6, D208, Hungary.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/FRAPS-V7/article/view/11116

Experimental Overview of Ethanol-Diesel Blends on Combustion of CI Engine | Chapter 13 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 11

 This chapter explains in detail an experimental overview of the application of ethanol-diesel blends as fuel in a diesel engine. The experiment was carried out at various engine loads and ethanol percentages. The experiments were performed using neat diesel fuel, 2.5 percent , 5 percent , and 7.5 percent ethanoldiesel blends with 1,500 rpm of the engine working speed at three different loads namely 0, 10, and 40 Nm. Several engine parameters data such as torque, fuel consumption, cylinder pressure, air intake flow, engine coolant temperature, the exhaust gas temperature, lubricating oil temperature, and exhaust emission were collected. The combustion or heat release of the engine then was calculated and analyzed. The results show several interesting features from heat release phenomena in every combustion process from the different fuel blends. The results indicate that the increasing of ethanol fraction in the ethanol-diesel blends causes the maximum of cylinder pressure and the heat release value is also increased.

Author (S) Details

Ahmad Dimyani
Research Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)- National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) of The Republic of Indonesia, Komplek LIPI Jl. Cisitu No. 154D/21 Gd. 20, Bandung 40135, Indonesia.



Mulia Pratama
Research Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)- National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) of The Republic of Indonesia, Komplek LIPI Jl. Cisitu No. 154D/21 Gd. 20, Bandung 40135, Indonesia.


Arifin Nur
Research Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)- National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) of The Republic of Indonesia, Komplek LIPI Jl. Cisitu No. 154D/21 Gd. 20, Bandung 40135, Indonesia.

Suherman
Research Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)- National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) of The Republic of Indonesia, Komplek LIPI Jl. Cisitu No. 154D/21 Gd. 20, Bandung 40135, Indonesia.


Dr. Widodo Budi Santoso
Research Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)- National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) of The Republic of Indonesia, Komplek LIPI Jl. Cisitu No. 154D/21 Gd. 20, Bandung 40135, Indonesia.



Dr. Yanuandri Putrasari
Research Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)- National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) of The Republic of Indonesia, Komplek LIPI Jl. Cisitu No. 154D/21 Gd. 20, Bandung 40135, Indonesia.



View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V11/article/view/3573

Study of the Performance and Emissions of a Methane Fueled V-Twin Four Stroke Spark Ignited Engine | Chapter 13 | Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 15

 This report addresses the ongoing investigation and analysis of natural gas combustion using a modified two-cylinder V-twin engine. The experiment's goal is to see if natural gas can be used as an alternative fuel in automobile and stationary power generation applications. Various loads and RPMs were applied to the engine during testing. The engine's compression ratio (CR) was changed from 9.0:1 to 13.8:1 in the hopes of improving fuel combustion and pollution. The Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) and air-fuel ratio (AFR) were also tweaked to find the best settings for reducing emissions without sacrificing too much power (hp). To further understand the impact of higher AFR on combustion and emissions, a lean limit analysis was performed. The benefits of switching from low compression to high compression were proven in testing. Total Hydrocarbons (THC) reduced by 25%, Carbon Monoxide levels decreased by 48%, and Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) decreased by 20%. EGR has a low proportion. Between 3-6 percent, helped reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from over 830 ppm to less than 450 ppm, a nearly 50% improvement, with less than a 2% rise in THC and CO. With 3 percent EGR, power (hp) increased by around 1.5 percent. Increasing the AFR reduced emissions but at the expense of power, and the engine's lean limit was discovered to be between 22 and 23 AFR. THC emissions dropped by 40%, CO emissions dropped by 90%, and NOx emissions dropped by approximately 50% at 22 AFR, yet power dropped by more than 35%.

Author (S) Details

Daniel John Piekarski
Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, USA.

James H. Lee
Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, USA.

Robert D. Garrick
Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, USA.

Andrew Smith
Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, USA.

Kenneth E. Krapf
Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, USA.

John Bulzacchelli
Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, USA.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NUPSR-V15/article/view/3484

Heat Transfer Analysis in 4-Pass 500HP Fire-Tube Boiler | Chapter 14 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 10

 The steady-state heat transfer study in a 4-pass fire-tube boiler is the subject of this paper. The heat transmission between the combustion gases and the boiler tube walls has been studied using a computer software. The energy balance was constructed on these surfaces, taking into account heat movement by convection and thermal radiation. For various working settings, the heat transfer properties, particularly the heat flux densities and corresponding wall temperatures, are examined. The modelling approach was confirmed by comparing calculated output gas temperature to experimental data from the PFTA 500HP fire-tube boiler for three different fuels and different operating pressures. The comparison reveals that the calculated findings are quite close to the experimental data from the boiler. A parametric analysis was also carried out to look at the effect of working pressure on the boiler's thermal behaviour.

Author (S) Details

Ahmed Rahmani
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Oum El Bouaghi, 04000, Algeria.

Messaoud Djeddou
Research Laboratory in Subterranean and Surface Hydraulics (LARHYSS), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Mohamed Khider University, Biskra, Algeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V10/article/view/2990

Experimental Investigation Highlighting Performance and Emission Characteristics of Algae Bio-Fuelled Diesel Engine | Chapter 9 | Challenges and Advances in Chemical Science Vol. 3

 The rising usage of fossil fuels has prompted a search for alternate energy sources in recent years. Microalgae has emerged as one of the potential sources of biofuels from algae, and it is favoured since it is environmentally friendly and sustainable. Spirulina and chlorella microalgae oil was extracted using a pyrolysis process at 350°C, and the bio-oil properties were studied. When compared to spirulina bio-oil, the viscosity and density of chlorella bio-oil were extremely similar to ordinary diesel fuel. The experiment was carried out for B10 mix for spirulina and chlorella algae bio-fuel in a single cylinder four stroke diesel engine under various loading circumstances. CL10D90's maximum output power at 100 percent load was approximately identical to that of diesel fuel, and its specific fuel consumption was virtually identical to that of diesel. CL10D90 has a 4 percent greater brake thermal efficiency than SP10D90 and a 2% higher brake thermal efficiency than diesel, as well as a higher combustion characteristic of peak heat release rate. At full load, HC and CO emissions are reduced, whereas NOX emissions are slightly increased. The experiment's findings show that using CL10D90 bio-oil in a diesel engine is a viable alternative.

Author (S) Details

J. Kuberan
Department of Mechanical Engineering, S. K. P. Engineering College, Thiruvannamali (T.N.), India.

N. Alagumurthi
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pondicherry Engineering College, Pondicherry, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACS-V3/article/view/2955

Study and Effect of Ignition Timing on the Combustion Characteristics of Gasoline En 91 in a Spark Ignition Engine | Chapter 8 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 1

 The goal of this study was to demonstrate and explain the combustion characteristics of gasoline EN91 in a spark ignition engine with different ignition timing. The kiva4 code was used to calculate the combustion characteristics of gasoline under various ignition timing conditions. The numerical results obtained in kiva4 were compared to the numerical results obtained by other researchers who used the simulation code kiva3vr2. To accomplish this, two cases were investigated: a complete engine cycle was successfully simulated using a four valve pent - roof engine, and experimental results from other researchers were compared. ranging from 40 BTDC to 180 BTDC The temperature and pressure combustion characteristics in kiva4 and kiva3vr2 have a 10% error. The peak and average temperature and pressure from the Kiva4 code and measured experimental results show a qualitative closeness with a percentage error of 4%. The average temperature and pressure in kiva4 were 640K and 16.48 bar, respectively, while in kiva3vr2 they were 600K and 14.83 bar. The peak temperature and pressure in kiva4 were 2316.3K and 21.5 bar, respectively, while in kiva3vr2 they were 2171.5K and 19.4 bar. At 40 BTDC, the peak temperature and pressure in kiva4 were 2075.7K and 20.37 bar, respectively, while at 180 BTDC, they were 2166.0K with a pressure of 23.47bar. With increasing spark advance, the peak temperature and pressure rise until the most favorable instant time is found. The best results were obtained when the ignition time was set to 10 degrees before top dead center.

Author (S) Details

Joseph Lungu
Mechanical Department, Copperbelt University, Kitwe, Zambia.

Lennox Siwale
Mechanical Department, Copperbelt University, Kitwe, Zambia.

Edwin Luwaya
Mechanical Department, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V1/article/view/1914

An Attempt of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) for Combustor Modeling | Chapter 13 | Recent Developments in Engineering Research Vol. 12

 A large eddy simulation (LES) attempt is made in a model combustor, and a number of critical issues such as grid size, incoming flow, wall boundary, physical sub-model, and result sampling are discussed. The computed results are compared to extensive experimental measurements, demonstrating that LES can reasonably predict the mean axial velocity and temperature distributions inside the combustion chamber. However, in order for LES to become an accurate and cost-effective tool for advanced combustion system development, some fundamental issues must be addressed, and additional validation studies are required. Furthermore, significant computing power is required to catch both. In actual turbulent combustion systems, flow motion occurs at low and high frequencies.

Author(s) Details

Lei-Yong Jiang
Gas Turbine Laboratory, Aerospace Research Center, the National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, M-10, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada.

Ian Campbell
Gas Turbine Laboratory, Aerospace Research Center, the National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, M-10, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDER-V12/article/view/1490

Recent Study on Heat Transfer Analysis for a Sphere of Combustible Material of Variable Thermal Conductivity | Chapter 6 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 3

 This paper considers an exothermic chemical reaction in a stockpile of reactive material with temperature-dependent thermal conductivity. The research is focused on a spherical domain in which carbon-containing material interacts spontaneously with trapped oxygen. The combustion process generates a complex, nonlinear process, and the energy equation that governs the problem is numerically solved using the semi-implicit finite difference method (FDM). The findings are graphically described and discussed in order to provide a theoretical understanding of the heat transfer analysis during combustion. This research was performed theoretically in order to understand the combustion process in a less costly and faster manner than the experimental approach. The regulation of the self-ignition mechanism in the storage of reactive materials can be helped by understanding the embedded parameters on heat transfer. This research can be expanded to include two-step exothermic chemical reactions.

Author (s) Details

Ramoshweu Solomon Lebelo
Vaal University of Technology, Mathematics Department, Adries Potgieter Blvd, Vanderbijlpark, 1911, South Africa.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/AAER-V3/issue/view/42

Evaluating the Effects of Synthesis Methods on the Catalytic Activity of Platinum and Osmium Supported on Titania for Carbon Monoxide Oxidation| Chapter 5 | Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 1

 Titania (Pt / TiO2, Os / TiO2) catalyst materials assisted by platinum and osmium were synthesised by solid solid (SSI), sol-gel (SGI) and incipient wetness impregnation (IWI) techniques. X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM, Raman spectroscopy, surface area analysis (BET), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterise the catalysts. X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering ex-situ structural tests showed that the anatase phase is preserved in the Titania phase in 10 percent of Pt or Os. The experiment showed that assisted platinum and osmium are active catalysts for maximum oxidation of CO to CO2 at moderate temperature; for both Pt and Os, the SSI method gave the most active catalysts. At temperatures below 100 ° C, Pt catalysts prepared by SSI were active and displayed much greater activity than Osmium catalysts. Trends in pollution from vehicle emissions that contribute to the rise in atmospheric zinc, copper, lead, manganese and cadmium have been recorded. It was decided over a period between 1957 and 2018. A worrying, worrying thing The pattern for almost all heavy metals was observed as the amounts of these metals increased. Over the past decades, exponentially. This poses many questions, because if this pattern is not stopped, it will As some heavy metals have reported values that surpass the WHO guidelines, they may damage the study area. On the boundaries of these metals.

Author (s) Details

Carlos H. Deliz
School of Natural Science and Technology, Universidad del Turabo, P.O.Box 3030, Gurabo, Puerto Rico.

Santander Nieto
School of Natural Science and Technology, Universidad del Turabo, P.O.Box 3030, Gurabo, Puerto Rico.

View Book :-  https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/305

Studies on the Impact of Forest Combustion on Soil Contamination by PAHs Using QuEChERS and GCMS/MSTQD | Chapter 9 | Current Research and Development in Chemistry Vol. 3

The present study was conducted in one of the most dense forest area of Asir region located in the
southwest of Saudi Arabia to study the Impact of Forest Combustion on surface and subsurface soil
contamination by Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). The major toxic effects of PAHs including
cancers, immunity suppression, loss of fertility, mutagenic and cardiovascular diseases. The
extraction and analytical methods, have been developed and validated for quantification of trace
levels of 17 PAHs namely, Naphthalene, Acenaphthylene, Acenaphthene, Fluorene, Phenanthrene,
Anthracene, Fluoranthene, Pyrene, Retene, Benzo [b+j] fluoranthene, Benzo (a)pyrene, Benzo [k]
fluoranthene, 3-methylchol-anthrene, Dibenz [a,h] acridine, Indeno [1,2,3-cd]pyrene, Dibenz [a,h]
anthracene and Benzo [ghi] perylene. Surface and subsurface soil samples were collected from
Alsaqa and Murir post-fire forests in Asir Province, Saudi Arabia, and extracted by Quick, Easy,
Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) and analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass
Spectrometry Triple Quadrupole (GC-MS/MSTQD). The experimental results of 17 compounds of
PAHs were highly satisfactory linearity, recovery and precision, especially with the tested soil
samples. Recovery % ranged from 96.48±2.19 to 105.61±3.21%., the limit of detection (LOD) ranged
from 3.71 to 6.77 µg kg-1. Meanwhile the limit of quantification (LOQ) for the analyzed PAHs were in
the range of 10.47 to 16.42 µgkg-1. This method featured good sensitivity, lower quantification limits
and the precision of the analyzed 17 PAHs. The calibration curves were linear over wide
concentration ranges with correlation coefficients (r2) 0.7478 to 0.9822 for 17 PAHs analyzed by GCMS/MSTQD. The concentrations of the investigated PAHs in Alsaqa forest surface (S) and subsurface
(SS) soils ranged from F24.81±4.29 to 57.28±3.56 and 24.10±2.31 to 55.47±4.15 mg kg-1dry weight
respectively. Meanwhile, the PAHs concertation in Murir surface and subsurface soils ranged from
12.48±2.37 to 28.83±3.35 and 12.83±1.37 to 25.59±4.31 mg kg-1 dry weight respectively. Retene
compound was detected in Alsaqa, and Murir forest investigated surface, and subsurface soil sample
ranged from 57.28, 55.47, and 28.83, 25.59 mg/kg-1(ppm) respectively. Meanwhile, Retene was not
detected (ND) in the control surface and subsurface soil sample. The detected PAHs by applying the
modified QuEChERS and GC-MS/MSTQD method were applied successfully for the extraction and
determination of the 17 PAHs in burned forest soil samples

Author (s) Details

Mohamed Hamza El-Saeid
Department of Soil Sciences, Chromatographic Analysis Unit, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O.Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Department of Chemistry, Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne St, Houston, TX 77004, USA.

Marzoq Hadi Al Fahd

Department of Soil Sciences, Chromatographic Analysis Unit, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O.Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Mohamed S. Al-Sewailem
Department of Soil Sciences, Chromatographic Analysis Unit, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O.Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/217