Effect of High Inlet Air Pressure on the Performance and Emission of a Diesel Engine: A Regression Analysis with Biofuel Evaluation | Chapter 7 | Theory and Applications of Engineering Research Vol. 8

 This study aims to assess the impact of loading on a Kirloskar 3.7 kW single-cylinder, four-stroke, compression-ignition engine fuelled by both diesel and biofuel. We specifically investigated the influence of inlet air pressure on the engine’s performance and emission characteristics. . In the experimental setup, the inlet air pressure was systematically increased from 1 to 2.5 bar. Notably, emissions like CO and HC exhibited a significant decrease, while a slight increase in brake power and NOx emissions was observed. Employing a statistical approach, we established a regression model to predict the performance and emission levels of the diesel engine, particularly when operating on biofuels. The use of a multi: regression model allowed us to derive an empirical relation for the evaluation of brake power (BP), hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the context of diesel engine operation.

The empirical equations for BP, CO, HC and NOx as developed by a solution of the multi-regression model in terms of the inlet air pressure and biofuels blend were as under:

BP (kW) = (-) 0.0305 P (-) 0.0005 BLEND + 2.65

CO (%) = (-) 0.0029 P (-) 0.0006 BLEND + 0.1211

HC (PPM) = (-) 20.7 P (-) 0.3050 BLEND + 65.925

NOx (PPM) = 102 P + 2.16 BLEND + 249.98

Author(s) Details:

R. Seetharamaiah,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sambhram Institute of Technology, Bengaluru. Karnataka, India.

A. S. Ravindran,
PNS Institute of Technology, Nelamangala, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

S. M. Gopinath,
Department of Bio -Technology, Acharya Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

B. Manjunatha,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Acharya Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

A. Sathyanarayana Swamy,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sambhram Institute of Technology, Bengaluru. Karnataka, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TAER-V8/article/view/13791

Study on Quantum Color Theory | Chapter 10 | New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol. 6

 The hue of the light that an item reflects determines its colour. Thus, colour is not a quality of the thing itself but rather of the light that illuminates it; things are only "colour thieves." The Snell-Descartes law of reflection, on the other hand, stipulates that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection for reflected light. According to this law, only viewers at particular locations are able to discern an object's hue. We all understand, however, that this is untrue, as any observer, from any viewpoint, can see the colour of the item. In this study, we then introduce a novel spectroscopic-based technique for characterising an object's colour: White light from the sun is absorbed by the object's atoms, which subsequently radiate at a frequency specific to the object's hue. We shall be able to describe several phenomena relating to object colour that the classical description cannot account for thanks to the quantum colour theory.

Author(s) Details:

Elie W'ishe Sorongane,
Physics Department, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NTPSR-V6/article/view/7216

Classical Model of Light Transmission in Optical Media: A Descriptive Study| Chapter 10 | New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol. 2

The goal of this work is to use well-known Classical Physics to thoroughly explain the specific mechanism underlying the observed Fresnel Dragging of light in an experiment like the Fizeau experiment of 1851. The original mathematical approach used to analyse the Fizeau experiment, which discovered the relative speed of light in a moving medium in 1851, assumes that light travels through water in a smooth continuous flow at a slower rate than light travels through a vacuum (relative to the water). As a result, it is believed that the velocity vectors of the water and light may be easily summed. Light, on the other hand, is transmitted through optical media such as water through a continuous process of charge excitation (semi-absorption) and re-emission by the water molecules; despite this, it travels at the speed of light between them (in a vacuum). As a result, the mathematics behind Fresnel dragging must be rewritten such that it can be explained using classical physics, allowing the entire process to be fully understood.

Author(s) Details:

Declan Traill,
8 Leewarra Drive, Glen Waverley, Victoria 3150, Melbourne, Australia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NTPSR-V2/article/view/6622

The Study on the Graphene and its Health Effect | Chapter 11 | Research Trends and Challenges in Physical Science Vol. 5

 The goal is to look at the health implications of using graphene, which could be beneficial or harmful. This research will examine graphene risk information in order to identify potential environmental and health issues. It serves as a roadmap for future graphene risk research. The research will focus on graphene's emissions, environmental destiny, and toxicity. It reveals that graphene has a high toxicity, and that graphene emissions from electronic devices and composites may be feasible in the future. Graphene is known to be both persistent and hydrophobic. Although these findings suggest that graphene may have negative environmental and health implications, they also show that there are many risk-related knowledge gaps in the environment to be filled. Graphene can bind to the cell surface and harm the cell membrane physically and chemically. Graphene has been shown to interact with proteins and nucleic acids, causing structural and functional changes. However, graphene has the potential to replenish reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can destroy membranes, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Graphene's toxicity should be investigated further.

Author(S) Details

M. K. Awodele
Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

O. Adedokun
Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

I. T. Bello
Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

Olusola Akinrinola
Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RTCPS-V5/article/view/4959

Study on the Effect of Oxygenated Fuels on Emissions Characteristics: A Comparative Study between Compression Ignition and Spark Ignition Engines | Chapter 5 | New Innovations in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 3

 Petroleum consumption is commonly regarded as one of the most significant factors to environmental degradation. The combustion of oxygenated fuel blends in diesel and gasoline engines is explored in this study, with a special focus on emissions. The study had two objectives: first, to identify the extent to which NOx, uHC, and CO emissions are increased or decreased for various loads in BMEP; and second, to evaluate the extent to which emissions of NOx, uHC, and CO are increased or decreased for various loads in BMEP. Second, the emissions of the two engines should be compared.

In the gasoline engine, 20% methanol was blended with 80% gasoline (M20), whereas in the diesel engine, a mixture of 20% n-butanol and 80% diesel (B20) was investigated. The gasoline engine was a Suzuki RS-416 1.6L normally aspirated engine, and the diesel engine was a 1Z type, 1.9L Turbo-Direct injection engine (TDI). NOx emissions increased with increasing brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) for diesel fuel (DF), but were marginally lower than the blend B20 at 50 and 75 percent load; however, NOx emissions decreased in comparison to gasoline fuel (GF), but were four times higher than in diesel engines. When compared to the reference fuel DF, firing B20 reduced the quality of unburned hydrocarbons (uHC) emissions in diesel engines. The range of uHC emissions in the diesel engine, on the other hand, was much narrower than in the gasoline engine: 10-60 ppm and 600 to 700 ppm, respectively. Above 25 percent BMEP, M20 lowered uHc concentration more than GF. M20's carbon monoxide (CO) concentration increased more than GF's. CO emission concentrations in B20 increased in comparison to DF. All oxygenated blends, M20 and B20, had lower exhaust gas temperatures (EGT) than GF and DF.

Author(S) Details

L. Siwale
School of Engineering, The Copperbelt University, Riverside Campus, Jambo Drive, Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia.

R. J. Kashinga
School of Engineering, The Copperbelt University, Riverside Campus, Jambo Drive, Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia.

S. Chama
School of Engineering, The Copperbelt University, Riverside Campus, Jambo Drive, Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia.

J. Siame
School of Mines & Mineral Sciences, The Copperbelt University, Riverside Campus, Jambo Drive, Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia.

A. Bereczky
Department of Energy Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Bertalan Lajos U. 4–6, D208, Hungary.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NICB-V3/article/view/4009

Experimental Investigation Highlighting Performance and Emission Characteristics of Algae Bio-Fuelled Diesel Engine | Chapter 9 | Challenges and Advances in Chemical Science Vol. 3

 The rising usage of fossil fuels has prompted a search for alternate energy sources in recent years. Microalgae has emerged as one of the potential sources of biofuels from algae, and it is favoured since it is environmentally friendly and sustainable. Spirulina and chlorella microalgae oil was extracted using a pyrolysis process at 350°C, and the bio-oil properties were studied. When compared to spirulina bio-oil, the viscosity and density of chlorella bio-oil were extremely similar to ordinary diesel fuel. The experiment was carried out for B10 mix for spirulina and chlorella algae bio-fuel in a single cylinder four stroke diesel engine under various loading circumstances. CL10D90's maximum output power at 100 percent load was approximately identical to that of diesel fuel, and its specific fuel consumption was virtually identical to that of diesel. CL10D90 has a 4 percent greater brake thermal efficiency than SP10D90 and a 2% higher brake thermal efficiency than diesel, as well as a higher combustion characteristic of peak heat release rate. At full load, HC and CO emissions are reduced, whereas NOX emissions are slightly increased. The experiment's findings show that using CL10D90 bio-oil in a diesel engine is a viable alternative.

Author (S) Details

J. Kuberan
Department of Mechanical Engineering, S. K. P. Engineering College, Thiruvannamali (T.N.), India.

N. Alagumurthi
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pondicherry Engineering College, Pondicherry, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACS-V3/article/view/2955

Study on Performance and Emission Studies on Cashewnut Shell Liquid Bio-Oil Fuelled Diesel Engine with Acetone as Additive | Chapter 6 | New Ideas Concerning Science and Technology Vol. 10

 Vegetable oils may be used as a partial or complete replacement for diesel fuel. We used Acetone as an additive in this study to look into the possibility of using higher percentages of bio-oil in diesel engines without any retrofitting. Pyrolysis was used to create bio-oil. The feed stroke for bio oil was cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL). B20 diesel fuel is a type of number 2 diesel fuel that contains 20% bio oil and 80% diesel fuel. In a single cylinder, four stroke direct injection diesel engine, the effects of Acetone, blended with B20 in 4, 8, 12 percent by volume, were tested. Performance tests were used to evaluate the effect of test fuels on engine torque, speed, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, and exhaust gas temperature. Emission experiments were used to assess the impact of blends on CO, HC, NO, and smoke opacity. As compared to neat diesel service, HC emission was reduced by 34%, smoke density was reduced by 16%, and NO emission was reduced by 49.4 percent when the engine was powered by 12 percent Acetone with B20. CNSL can also be used as a diesel engine's fuel. As a result, a combination of 20% CNSL bio oil and 12% acetone as an additive was found to be the best alternative fuel blend for diesel engines that did not require any engine modifications.

Author (s) Details

Dr. P. P. Shantharaman
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kings College of Engineering, Punalkulam-613303, Pudukkottai, Tamilnadu, India.

Dr. T. Pushparaj
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kings College of Engineering, Punalkulam-613303, Pudukkottai, Tamilnadu, India.

Dr. M. Prabhakar
Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM TRP Engineering College, Irungalur-621105, Thiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NICST-V10/article/view/588

Investigating the Influence of Injection Pressure on Performance of CI Engine Fuelled with Simarouba Biodiesel | Chapter 5 | Recent Developments in Engineering Research Vol. 3

 

Biodiesel is explored as one of the promising fuel alternative to diesel. Most of the biodiesel
production comes from first generation feedstocks like edible oils. Nowadays, nonedible oils are
getting much attention as potential second generation tree borne oil feedstock In this regard, the
present research is focused on identifying non-edible feedstock as viable feedstock for biodiesel
preparation. The simarouba biodiesel is blended with diesel by 5% and 20% on volume basis. The
simarouba biodiesel blends SB5 and SB20 were tested on engine by varying IP to determine its
performance and exhaust emissions. The SB5 and SB20 biodiesel blends were experimented on CI
engine at injection pressure (IP) of 200 bar and 250 bar for improved performance and reduced
emissions.

Author (s) Details

Mr. B. S. Nithyananda
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vidyavardhaka College of Engineering, VVCE, India.

Mr. A. Anand
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Engineering, NIE, India.

Dr. G. V. Naveen Prakash
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vidyavardhaka College of Engineering, VVCE, India.

Dr. K. B. Vinay
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vidyavardhaka College of Engineering, VVCE, India

Mr. Naveen Ankegowda
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vidyavardhaka College of Engineering, VVCE, India.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/261