Methylene Blue Adsorption Utilising Enhanced Chitosan Beads: A Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Network Study | Chapter 01 | Engineering Research: Perspectives on Recent Advances Vol. 12

 

Pollution emanating from cationic dyes, including Methylene Blue (MB), in the environment causes many health problems. The release of MB into natural water bodies is destructive to natural creatures and ecosystems. Adsorption is one such technique, which has advantages such as low cost, environmentally friendly material for dye removal, and ease of use. Chitosan is a cost-effective, environmentally friendly adsorbent with high surface area, excellent adsorption capacity, and good mechanical stability. A method was established to assess the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) from synthetic wastewater.  Chitosan beads (CS) were synthesised, cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (CCS), and subsequently grafted with aniline (GCCS).  The characteristics of the synthesised materials were evaluated using XRD and BET techniques.  The research examined pH, contact time, adsorbent amount, and starting concentration.  The input data consisted of these parameters, whereas the output data was determined by MB removal efficiency.  Response surface methodology/central composite design (RSM-CCD) and artificial neural network (ANN) were utilised to predict and optimise MB adsorption.  Statistical indicators evaluated the significance of these models.  In developing the ANN model, 70% of the data was designated for training, 15% for validation, and 15% for testing.  The RSM-CCD data indicate that the optimal process parameters were achieved at a pH of 7, an adsorbent dose of 6 g, a contact period of 55 minutes, and a 125 mg/L starting concentration.  Thus, training, testing, and validation phases characterise a well-trained neural network, with R2 values recorded at 1, 0.96837, and 0.96146, respectively.  The statistical results indicated that the ANN method surpasses the RSM model technique.

 

Author(s) Details :-

 

Ephraim Igberase
Department of Chemical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Steve Biko, Durban, South Africa.

 

Innocentia G. Mkhize
Department of Chemical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Steve Biko, Durban, South Africa.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/erpra/v12/6428

Comparative Study of the Structural, Optical and Antibacterial Properties of CaO/ rGO- CaO Nanocomposites | Chapter 03 | Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 8

 

Recently, graphene-based materials decorated with metal/metal oxide nanoparticles have gained great interest among researchers owing to their wide range of technological applications. Herein, we have synthesised reduced graphene oxide-calcium oxide nanocomposites (rGO-CaO) by a wet chemical route using a simple one-pot synthesis technique. Graphene oxide was synthesised via modified Hummer’s method and CaO nanoparticles were synthesised using a wet chemical method. Multi-characterisation techniques like X-ray diffractometry (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and UV-visible spectroscopy were employed to compare the structural and optical properties of CaO and rGO-CaO nanocomposites. Morphological examination revealed the growth of CaO nanoparticles onto the surface of rGO sheets. PL emission intensity of rGO-CaO nanocomposites was found to be greater than that of pure CaO nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity of the prepared samples was compared using Gram-negative E. coli bacteria.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Rekha S
Department of Physics, Maharaja’s College, Ernakulam, Kerala, 68011, India and Women’s Polytechnic College, Ernakulam, Kerala, 683104, India.

 

Sreeja V G
Department of Physics, St. Teresa’s College (Autonomous), Ernakulam, Kerala, 68011, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cbrp/v8/6587

Synthesis, Characterization and Potential Applications of Exfoliated Graphite/ABS Composites | Chapter 4 | Engineering Research: Perspectives on Recent Advances Vol. 3

Exfoliated graphite has received attention as a filler in composites in recent times due to the prominent properties it imparts to the host polymeric matrices. In this study, exfoliated graphite was created using a chemical method, followed by thermal oxidation and sonication to reduce its size and increase the spacing between its layers. To explore its potential applications, composites of exfoliated graphite and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) were prepared with different filler concentrations using a simple solution casting technique. Synthesis of exfoliated graphite involves chemical treatment of thermal exfoliation for the formulation and reduction of graphite oxide. Various analytical tools, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffractometry (XRD), were used to characterize the materials. The results showed that thermal exfoliation was successful, as indicated by the disappearance of the main graphite peak at 2θ = 26.4°. SEM images confirmed the uniform distribution of exfoliated graphite within the ABS matrix, while EDAX results demonstrated that the graphite oxide had been effectively reduced. Exfoliated graphite was successfully obtained through thermal exfoliation reduction reaction which was confirmed by SEM and EDAX analysis. Treatment of the natural flake graphite resulted in size reduction and an increase in interlayer spacing of exfoliated graphite as confirmed by XRD.

 

Author (s) Details

Bhardwaj Neha
Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, Ahmedabad, India.

 

K. S. Manjula
Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, Ahmedabad, India.

 

B. Srinivasulu
Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, Ahmedabad, India.

 

Shit C. Subhas
Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, Ahmedabad, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/erpra/v3/4013

Bone Substitute Used in Oral Surgery: Comparison of Physicochemical Characteristics of Allografts, Xenograft and Synthetic Materials Compared to Autogenous Bone | Chapter 8 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 3

 Objectives: Many cartilage substitutes have been projected for bone regeneration, and investigators have focused on the interplays occurring between grafts and host fabric, as the biologic reaction of host tissue is related to the inception of the biomaterial. Bone substitutes used in surgical procedures on the teeth and gums and implantology include allografts, xenografts and synthetic fabrics that are frequently used to offset bone loss or to strengthen repaired cartilage by encouraging new cartilage ingrowth into a defect site, but little is currently famous about their physicochemical characteristics. The aim concerning this study was to evaluate any of physical and synthetic properties in a variety of granulated not organic-based biomaterials secondhand in oral surgery and to compare ruling class with those of inner bone.Materials and Methods: Autogenous cartilage and fourteen commercial biomaterials of human, bovine and artificial origins were intentional by high-resolution X-ray dissemination, atomic assimilation spectrometry, and laser diffraction to decide their chemical arrangement, calcium release concentration, crystallinity and granulation size.Results: The capital calcium release concentration was 24. 94 mg/g for Puros® and hostile one was 1.87 mg/g for OCS-B®  compared to 20.15 mg/g for instinctive bone. The range of pieces sizes, in term of median breadth D50, varied between 6.72 µm for Ingenios™ B-TCP and 902.41 µm for OsteoSponge®, distinguished to 282.1 µm for natural cartilage. All samples displayed a similar having six of something shape as bone, except Ingenios β-TCP, Macrobone® and OsteoSponge, that showed rhomboid and triclinic shapes, respectively.Conclusion: Commercial cartilage substitutes significantly clash in terms of calcium concentration, piece size, and crystallinity, that may affect their in-vivo act.

Author(s) Details:

Antoine Berberi,
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Lebanon.

Georges Aad,
Department of Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Lebanon.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V3/article/view/12370

Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-Hexagonal Calcium Ferrites for Material Development| Chapter 3 | Research Aspects in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 5

 The fundamental and magnetic characteristics of substituted calcium hexaferrites samples of chemical composition CaCrxFe12-xO19 place x= 0,2,4,6 have been intentional using a approximate analysis.  Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the X-ray dissemination method are used to resolve structural and morphological visage. The XRD pattern confirmed the happening of single-time hexagonal ferrites with scope group P63/mmc 167: R-3c. Ferrites are a type of oxide that has unusual electrical and drawing properties. The sample has usually clear hexagonal grains, accompanying an average particle magnitude of between 24nm and 40 nm, according to the SEM dossier. Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) is used to characterize the samples' drawing properties.  The satiation magnetization (Ms), Remanence (Mr ), and Coercivity (Hc) were observed to decrease with an increase in the profit of substitution that is related to the occupation of substitute-lattice spin-up and spin-unhappy locations interceded by diamagnetic ions and anisotropy Because the particle size was tinier than 50nm when computed using the Debye-Scherer recipe, the samples have a higher signal-to-cry ratio and may suit for recording publishing.

Author(s) Details:

B. C. Manjunatha,
Department of Physics, SJC Institute of Technology, Chickballapur-562101, Karnataka, India. Department of Physics, SJC Institute of Technology, Chickballapur-562101, Karnataka, India.

N. Pushpa,
Department of Physics, SJC Institute of Technology, Chickballapur-562101, Karnataka, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACMS-V5/article/view/8896

Overview of Nickel Oxide (NiO) Thin Films for Gas Sensing Applications | Chapter 5 | New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol. 5

 Due to the release of different hazardous gases from our daily activities, environmental pollution has recently become a severe concern. Many researchers have been driven by these challenges to develop and manufacture low-cost high-performance gas sensors that can detect harmful chemicals and monitor their emission in order to preserve the environment and human health. Nickel oxide (NiO) is a semiconducting metal oxide compound that can be examined as a possible gas sensing material. This chapter focuses on an overview of the various methods for synthesis of NiO thin films, as well as the spray pyrolysis method for synthesis of NiO thin films. We also explore the effect of film thickness on the crystallinity and functional characteristics of NiO thin films as they are deposited. The gas sensing measurements utilising NiO thin films produced at optimal nickel (Ni) concentrations are discussed in this chapter.

Author(s) Details:

Sunil Rameshgir Gosavi,
Material Research Laboratory, C. H. C. Arts, S. G. P. Commerce, and B. B. J. P. Science College, Taloda, Dist. Nandurbar-425413, (M. S.), India.

H.S. Gawale,
Z.B. Patil Arts, Commerce and Science College, Dhule-424002, (M. S.), India.

K. R. Sali,
Material Research Laboratory, C. H. C. Arts, S. G. P. Commerce, and B. B. J. P. Science College, Taloda, Dist. Nandurbar-425413, (M. S.), India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NTPSR-V5/article/view/7161

Bis(4-alkoxyphenyl) Viologen Bis(triflimide) Salts: Synthesis, Thermotropic Liquid-crystalline and Light-emitting Properties | Chapter 3 | Current Topics on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 2

 Extended viologens with various organic counterions are a type of ionic liquid crystal that combines the characteristics of ionic liquids and liquid crystals. We provide a set of extended viologens with similar features in this paper. The metathesis reaction of respective bis(4-alkoxyphenyl) viologen dichloride salts, which were prepared from the reaction of Zincke salt with the corresponding 4-n-alkoxyanilines, with lithium triflimide in methanol, yielded a series of bis(4-alkoxyphenyl) viologen bis(triflimide) salts with alkoxy chains of various lengths. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectra for 1H and 13C, as well as elemental analyses, were used to determine their chemical structures. Differential scanning calorimetry, polarised optical microscopy, and variable temperature X-ray diffraction were used to investigate their thermotropic liquid-crystalline (LC) characteristics. Crystal-to-liquid transitions were seen in salts with short alkoxy chains. Both crystal-to-SmA and SmA-to-isotropic transitions, Tms and Tis, were seen in salts of intermediate length alkoxy chains. Those with long alkoxy chains had lower Tms, which allowed them to form SmA phases that lasted until decomposition at high temperatures. In the temperature range of 330-370 C, they all showed outstanding thermal stabilities, as expected. In addition, their light-emitting capabilities in methanol were taken into account.

Author(s) Details:

Pradip K. Bhowmik,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Box 454003, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4003, USA.

Mohammed Kareem M. Al-Karawi,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Box 454003, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4003, USA.

Shane T. Killarney,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Box 454003, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4003, USA.

Erenz J. Dizon,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Box 454003, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4003, USA.

Anthony Chang,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Box 454003, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4003, USA.

Jongin Kim,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Box 454003, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4003, USA.

Si L. Chen,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Box 454003, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4003, USA.

Ronald Carlo G. Principe,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Box 454003, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4003, USA.

Andy Ho,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Box 454003, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4003, USA.

Haesook Han,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Box 454003, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4003, USA.

Hari D. Mandal,
Department of Biology and Chemistry, Texas A & M International University, 5201 University Blvd., Laredo, TX 78041, USA.

Raymond G. Cortez,
Department of Biology and Chemistry, Texas A & M International University, 5201 University Blvd., Laredo, TX 78041, USA.

Bryan Gutierrez,
Department of Biology and Chemistry, Texas A & M International University, 5201 University Blvd., Laredo, TX 78041, USA.

Klarissa Mendez,
Department of Biology and Chemistry, Texas A & M International University, 5201 University Blvd., Laredo, TX 78041, USA.

Lewis Sharpnack,
Department of Earth Science, 1006 Webb Hall, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.

Dena M. Agra-Kooijman,
Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.

Michael R. Fisch,
College of Aeronautics and Engineering, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.

Satyendra Kumar,
Division of Research, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTCB-V2/article/view/7130

Third Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of Urea Salicylic Acid for Phot Ionic Applications| Chapter 2 | Challenges and Advances in Chemical Science Vol. 9

The single crystal of urea salicylic acid was generated in this study utilising a slow evaporation approach using a mixture of water and ethanol as the solvent. Using a combined solvent of ethanol and water in an equal ratio, slow evaporation was employed to form an organic nonlinear optical crystal of urea salicylic acid. A single X-ray diffraction analysis was used to determine the lattice characteristics of the urea salicylic acid crystal. The optical transmittance investigation demonstrated the urea-salicylic acid's good transmission window and appropriateness for optical applications. The Z-scan approach with a He-Ne laser at evaluated the nonI linear refractive index, absorption coefficient, and third order susceptibility. Two photon absorption and self-defocussing performance are demonstrated by the generated urea salicylic acid crystal. The self-defocusing nature and two photon absorption process of the generated urea salicylic acid crystal were confirmed using the Z-scan method. As a result, urea salicylic acid crystals are a good choice for optoelectronic applications.

Author (s) Details

C. Andal
Department of Physics, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute University, Chennai-600095, India and Department of Physics, Pachaiyappa’s College, Chennai-600030, India.


P. Murugakoothan
Department of Physics, Pachaiyappa’s College, Chennai-600030, India.


View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACS-V9/article/view/6447

Analysis ofCrystal Structure the BaTiO3 and ZrO2-doped (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 with X-ray Diffraction Techniques Using the Rietveld Method | Chapter 7 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 3

The crystal structures of a (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 (BNT) compound doped with BaTiO3 (BT) and ZrO2 were investigated. (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.93Ba0.05Zr0.02TiO3 (BNBZT1), (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.90Ba0.05Zr0.05 (BNBZT2), and (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.85Ba0.05Zr0.10TiO3 (BNBZT3) were the three types of samples prepared (BNBZT3). In a solid-state reaction approach, the samples were generated using Bi2O3, Na2CO3, BaCO3, TiO2, and ZrO2 powders as basic ingredients. In an agate mortar, the fundamental ingredients were mixed for 3 hours. A 3,000 psi hydraulic press was utilised to make pellets from a precursor. Pellets were sintered for 5 hours at 1000°C after being calcined for an hour at 300°C. The materials were characterised using X-ray diffraction techniques based on the Rietveld method and Raman spectroscopy. BNT doped BT and ZrO2 had a tetragonal structure, space group I4/mcm, Volume I, No.140, with lattice parameters a = b = 5.519 (2), c = 7.808 (4) (BNBZT1), a = b = 5.512 (1), c = 7.798 (5) (BNBZT2), and a = b = 5.513 (1), c = 7.800 (2) ( (BNBZT3). By partial substitution of cations (Bi, Na)2+, Ba2+ and Zr4+ cations entered the BNT crystal structure in these three samples. However, some Ti3+ cations in BNBZT3 were replaced by Zr4+. BNBZT1, BNBZT2, and BNBZT3 have the ionic configuration (compound) (Bi0,45Na0,48)0,93Ba0,05Zr0,01TiO3, (Bi0,41Na0,49)0,90Ba0,05Zr0,03TiO3 and (Bi0,42Na0,43)0,85Ba0,05Zr0,01(Ti

Author (S) Details

Engkir Sukirman
Centre for Science and Technology of Advance Materials-BATAN, Puspiptek, Setu 15314, Tangerang Selatan, Banten province, Indonesia.

Syahfandi Ahda
Centre for Science and Technology of Advance Materials-BATAN, Puspiptek, Setu 15314, Tangerang Selatan, Banten province, Indonesia.

. Mardiyanto
Centre for Science and Technology of Advance Materials-BATAN, Puspiptek, Setu 15314, Tangerang Selatan, Banten province, Indonesia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V3/article/view/37245678

Structural Studies of ZnO Nanostructures and Nano Powders: A Recent Approach | Chapter 6 | Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 5

 Nanostructures and nanoparticles have attracted a lot of attention from scientists because of their unique features. Zinc Oxide has piqued the curiosity of researchers because it might be utilised as a low-cost alternative to Si and GaN. Because of its piezoelectric and transparent conducting capabilities, zinc oxide is one of the most promising semiconducting materials. In the visible area, it exhibits strong electrical conductivity and optical transparency, as well as strong UV absorption. As a result, it can be used as a window and sunscreen. Sensors, transducers, biomedical devices, optoelectronic devices, solar cells, and other nanostructured ZnO applications are common. In a muffle furnace, high purity Zinc is oxidised at high temperatures, resulting in nanostructures on the surface of metallic Zinc. The high-energy ball-milling technology is used to make ZnO particles. Because of its enormous direct band gap of 3.37 eV and strong exciton binding energy at ambient temperature, ZnO is widely employed. X-Ray Diffraction and scanning electron microscopy are used to examine the structure and morphology of ZnO Nanostructures. The structure and morphology of furnace melt ZnO Nano particles are the subject of this work.

Author (s) Details

Mrs. T. V. Banumathi
Department of Physics, Sri G. V. G. Visalakshi College for Women, Udumalpet, Tamil Nadu, India.

Mrs. B. Nirmala
Department of Physics, Sri G. V. G. Visalakshi College for Women, Udumalpet, Tamil Nadu, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NUPSR-V5/article/view/1401

Physical Properties of Dispersed Silica: A Recent Study | Chapter 1 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 13

In this paper physical properties as distribution width (Qx, percent ) and density (qx, percent ) of colloidal dispersed system were defined photon cross correlation spectroscopy (PCCS) at average size as 17.06nm for D50, percent and area of specific surface as 349.96 m2/cm3 depending on molar (Rm2) optimal ratio of silica stone mineral to alkali ash powder. By X-ray diffraction analysis was determined its change of crystal structure to amorphous state. The findings of their kinematic viscosity, liquid density, and UV light adsorption inspections suggest that the wetting and ultrasonic vibration method for that fusible alloy can make colloidal silica.

Author (s) Details

E. Tserenjav
Laboratory for New Materials, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Mongolia. 

V. Jigmeddorj
Department of Physics, School of Art and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Mongolia.

B. D. Lygdenov
Department of Metallurgy, East Siberian University of Technology and Management, Russia.

U. Bayaraa
Laboratory for New Materials, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Mongolia.

U. Magvan
Laboratory for New Materials, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Mongolia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/AAER-V13/article/view/1160

Investigation of Various Synthesis and Characterization Techniques for the Magnetite Nanoparticles | Chapter 9 | Emerging Trends in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 11

 Due to their enormous number of uses, synthesis and characterisation of metal particles in the nano-range are of great concern. Magnetite nanoparticles have recently attracted the attention of researchers due to the use of magnetic, electrical and optical properties in certain particular applications. Therefore it is important to analyse the different methods and mechanisms for the growth of magnetite nanoparticles, as the physical and chemical properties depend on the growth mechanism of the nanoparticles. This first part of this chapter deals with the processing by various methods of magnetite particles, such as sol-gel, hydrothermal, thermal decomposition, microemulsion, System of co-precipitation and co-precipitation, along with a summary of the pros and cons. The second half of this chapter discusses the study of physical and chemical properties in order to examine the applications of synthesised magnetite nanoparticles in different fields. This can be done by a systematic and detailed analysis of various function techniques. The techniques of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) are studied in depth for this X-ray diffraction (XRD).

Author (s) Details

Dr. Nidhi
Department of Physics, BMU, Asthal Bohar, Rohtak- 124021, India.


Dr. Heena Dahiya
Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal (Sonepat)-131 039, Haryana, India.


Dr. Surender Duhan
Department of Physics, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal (Sonepat)-131 039, Haryana, India.



View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/335

Advanced Study on Preparation, Physical-Chemical Characterization, and Cytocompatibility of Polymeric Calcium Phosphate Cements | Chapter 14 | Current Topics in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

 

Background: Much attention has recently been paid to calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) because of their advantages in terms of in situ handling and forming capabilities compared to calcium phosphate bioceramics. Mechanical and in vitro biological physicochemical properties of novel polymeric calcium phosphate cement (CPC) formulations have been investigated.
Methods: to obtain Forms I, II and III CPCs, monocalcium phosphate, calcium oxide and synthetic hydroxyapatite were mixed either with modified polyacrylic acid, light activated polyalkenoic acid or with polymethyl vinyl ether maleic acid. CPCs were compared with zinc polycarboxylate cement (control) setting time, compressive and diametric strength. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy were used to identify specimens. CPCs and control were tested for in vitro cytotoxicity.
Results: Hydroxyapatite, monetite, and brushite were seen by X-ray diffraction analysis. The presence of stretching peaks in the IR spectra of set cements confirmed the acid-base reaction. Rod-like crystals and platy crystals were disclosed by SEM. The cement setting time was 5-12 min. Compared with power, type III showed significantly higher strength values. High biocompatibility was achieved in type III.
Conclusions: In comparison to zinc polycarboxylate cement (control group), Type III CPC displayed acceptable setting time, substantially higher compressive, and diametral tensile strengths. For dental applications, Type III CPCs show promise.

Author(s) Details


Rania M. Khashaba
Department Oral Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912-1129, USA., Department Orthopaedic Surgery, Section of Biomaterials, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912-1129, USA. and Department of Dental Materials, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo 11787, Egypt.

Mervet Moussa
Department of Oral Pathology, Cairo University, Cairo 11559, Egypt. and Department of Oral Pathology, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo 11787, Egypt.

Christopher Koch
Department Orthopaedic Surgery, Section of Biomaterials, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912-1129, USA.

Arthur R. Jurgensen
Savannah River National Laboratory, Savannah River Nuclear Solutions, Aiken, SC 29808, USA.

David M. Missimer
Savannah River National Laboratory, Savannah River Nuclear Solutions, Aiken, SC 29808, USA.

Ronny L. Rutherford
Savannah River National Laboratory, Savannah River Nuclear Solutions, Aiken, SC 29808, USA.

Norman B. Chutkan
Department Orthopaedic Surgery, Section of Biomaterials, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912-1129, USA.

James L. Borke

Department Oral Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912-1129, USA and Department Orthopaedic Surgery, Section of Biomaterials, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912-1129, USA.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/322

Evaluating the Effects of Synthesis Methods on the Catalytic Activity of Platinum and Osmium Supported on Titania for Carbon Monoxide Oxidation| Chapter 5 | Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 1

 Titania (Pt / TiO2, Os / TiO2) catalyst materials assisted by platinum and osmium were synthesised by solid solid (SSI), sol-gel (SGI) and incipient wetness impregnation (IWI) techniques. X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM, Raman spectroscopy, surface area analysis (BET), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterise the catalysts. X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering ex-situ structural tests showed that the anatase phase is preserved in the Titania phase in 10 percent of Pt or Os. The experiment showed that assisted platinum and osmium are active catalysts for maximum oxidation of CO to CO2 at moderate temperature; for both Pt and Os, the SSI method gave the most active catalysts. At temperatures below 100 ° C, Pt catalysts prepared by SSI were active and displayed much greater activity than Osmium catalysts. Trends in pollution from vehicle emissions that contribute to the rise in atmospheric zinc, copper, lead, manganese and cadmium have been recorded. It was decided over a period between 1957 and 2018. A worrying, worrying thing The pattern for almost all heavy metals was observed as the amounts of these metals increased. Over the past decades, exponentially. This poses many questions, because if this pattern is not stopped, it will As some heavy metals have reported values that surpass the WHO guidelines, they may damage the study area. On the boundaries of these metals.

Author (s) Details

Carlos H. Deliz
School of Natural Science and Technology, Universidad del Turabo, P.O.Box 3030, Gurabo, Puerto Rico.

Santander Nieto
School of Natural Science and Technology, Universidad del Turabo, P.O.Box 3030, Gurabo, Puerto Rico.

View Book :-  https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/305