A Sustainable Fluorescent SCDs-MPs Probe for Dopamine Insight Recognition in Human Fluids with Cytotoxicity Evaluation | Chapter 5 | Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 4

This research presents a novel sensing platform for detecting dopamine, a crucial neurotransmitter, in biological fluids. The platform combines a signal-transducing element with a selective recognition component to achieve highly sensitive and specific dopamine detection. The sensing mechanism relies on the interaction between the target analyte (Dopamine) and the platform, resulting in a detectable change in signal. The developed sensor demonstrates a low detection limit and excellent recovery in complex biological matrices. Furthermore, biocompatibility assessments confirm the platform's suitability for potential biological applications. This approach offers a promising tool for diagnosing neurological disorders and advancing our understanding of dopamine-related processes. 

 

Author (s) Details

 

Komal Murugan
Centre for Sustainable Materials and Surface Metamorphosis, Chennai Institute of Technology, Chennai, India.

 

Abirami Natarajan
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu-603 203, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cbrp/v4/4520

Comprehensive Review on Drug-Loaded Niosomes: A Promising Nanocarrier-based System | Chapter 2 | Pharmaceutical Research: Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 10

Vesicular drug delivery systems, niosomes are currently innovative delivery systems that encapsulate hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs into the core and the bilayer of these niosomes. Niosomes are composed of non-ionic surfactants and differ from traditional liposomes by having chemical stability and smaller drug leakage. Targeted drug delivery with enhanced therapeutic efficiency is achieved, as well as a reduction in side effects and increased drug presence at the target site. Preparation of niosomes, their types, advantages and drawbacks are discussed in this review.

 

Author (s) Details

 

V. Himabindu
Department of Pharmaceutics, Anurag Pharmacy College (Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad), Kodad, Telangana, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/prrat/v10/3271

Role of Bioactive Green Synthesized Nanoparticles in Various Diseases | Chapter 9 | Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 9

Nanoparticles (NPs) are transforming agents in biotechnology. The current strategies for diagnostics, targeted drug delivery and therapy may be offered through this transformational agent. The green synthesis of NPs, which may include those obtained from plant extracts, thereby outlining a sustainable and biocompatible approach to nanobiotechnology. This green synthesis method is much less harmful than chemical processes in the aspect of toxicity. It also makes the nanoparticle much more biocompatible and suitable for medical applications.

Gold NPs are among the most prominent examples to date and have the significant contributions in the realms of biosensing technologies: enabling early detection of infectious diseases and offering novel pathways for cancer therapy. From green synthesis, the gold NPs possess physicochemical properties that allow them to be a functionalized target delivery system, enhancing therapy efficacy while reducing the onset of side effects. Leverage the bioactive compounds found in plants to understand how such NPs may enhance the diagnosis accuracy and the effectiveness of the therapeutic approaches. Integrating sustainability in biotechnology applications has great potential by way of advancing personalized medicine in the face of environmental sustainability within the field.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Sushanta Kumar Barik
Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, MGM University, Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar, Maharashtra, India.

 

Akshata Sewalikar
Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, MGM University, Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar, Maharashtra, India.

Mulay Manjushree Vijay
Department of Microbiology, MGM Medical College and Hospital, Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar, Maharashtra, India.

 

Smita Sitaram Kulkarni
Department of Microbiology, MGM Medical College and Hospital, Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar, Maharashtra, India.

 

Sanjay N Harke
Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, MGM University, Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar, Maharashtra, India.

 

Annasaheb S Khemnar
Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, MGM University, Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar, Maharashtra, India.

 

Ashish S. Deshmukh
Department of Respiratory Medicine, MGM Medical College and Hospital, Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar, Maharashtra, India.

 

Sanjay J Dhoble
Department of Physics, R.T.M. Nagpur University, Nagpur-440033, India.

 

Sadanand Y Guhe
Department of Chemical Engineering, MGM’S Jawaharlal Nehru Engineering College-MGM University, Maharashtra, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpmab/v9/3799

Transcriptomic Overview of Comparative Multi-Scale Biocompatibility of ZrO2 and Y-TZP Alloys | Chapter 2 | Chemical and Materials Sciences - Developments and Innovations Vol. 2

 

The present study assesses the biocompatibility of pure zirconia discs ZrO₂ compared to yttria–zirconia discs (Y-TZP) as well as the influence of the surface topography through the combination of a conventional toxicological assay, morphological observations, and a transcriptomic analysis on an in vitro model of human Saos-2 bone cells. The direct anatomical and functional bond between the surface of an implant and living neoformed bone is known as the osseointegration of implants. Implants' biological compatibility is contingent upon a number of factors, including surface topography, chemical composition, material type, and mechanobiological characteristics. Similar cell proliferation rates were observed between ZrO₂ and Y-TZP discs and control cells, independent of surface topography, for up to 96 hours of exposure. High cell density was similarly observed on the surfaces of both materials. It could be interesting to perform a comparative transcriptomic study between rough and mirror-polished Y-TZP samples to observe a potential influence of the surface topography on the gene expression and to better understand the underlying mechanisms. Relevantly, only 110 transcripts were differentially expressed across the human transcriptome, consistent with the excellent biocompatibility of Y-TZP reported in the literature. These deregulated transcripts are mainly involved in two known metabolic pathways, the first being linked to 'mineral absorption' and the second to 'immune response'. These observations suggest that Y-TZP is an interesting candidate for application in implantology. Y-TZP is a serious candidate for implantology in general. However, further biocompatibility and biomechanical studies are needed to position Y-TZP as a reference material in oral implantology and to find the best roughness level for this material.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Alex Tchinda
Jean Lamour Institute, University of Lorraine, UMR 7198, 54011 Nancy, France.

 

Laëtitia Chézeau
Jean Lamour Institute, University of Lorraine, UMR 7198, 54011 Nancy, France.

 

Gaël Pierson
Jean Lamour Institute, University of Lorraine, UMR 7198, 54011 Nancy, France.

 

Richard Kouitat-Njiwa
Jean Lamour Institute, University of Lorraine, UMR 7198, 54011 Nancy, France.

 

B. H. Rihn
Jean Lamour Institute, University of Lorraine, UMR 7198, 54011 Nancy, France.

Pierre Bravetti
Jean Lamour Institute, University of Lorraine, UMR 7198, 54011 Nancy, France.

 

Please See the book here :-  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsdi/v2/12008F

Synthesis, Characterization and Biocompatibility of Maltodextrin-coated Cadmium Sulfide Quantum Dots in Experimental Models| Chapter 8 | Recent Progress in Science and Technology Vol. 1

 Semiconductor Quantum dots (QDs) have win quite a bit of recognition due to their characteristics and extensive application in organic and biomedical research. However, these very same features present further troubles in comprehending, thinking, and controlling possible antagonistic health results after exposure. These past few age, QDs have rapidly enchant and novel tools for theragnostic purposes; their use entails the contributing safety studies. Cadmium and selenium, that are the main components in the majority of quantity dots, are known expected acutely and chronically toxic to containers and organisms, but insulating the core of nanoparticles can, to some degree, control toxicity had connection with cadmium and selenium leakage. Our research has proved that CdS-maltodextrin (CdS-MDx) QDs are biocompatible and nontoxic to containers and animals. However, QDs can still induce embryotoxic belongings. This study successfully combined and characterized maltodextrin coated cadmium sulfide semiconductor nanoparticles (CdS-MDx QDs) and the results presented that, in low concentrations (4.92 and 6.56 nM), these gently increased the number of HepG2 cells. We likewise observed a decline in MDA-MB-231 cells under concentrations higher than 4.92 nM in a measurement-response form, while Caco-2 cells significantly raised starting at 1.64 nM. CdS-MDx QDs persuaded cell death by apoptosis and loss in MDA-MD-231 cells offset at 8.20 nM concentrations in a dose-response conduct. CdS-MDx QDs biodisposition was evaluated established an analysis of the pharmacokinetic parameters of various tissues following the administration of a alone i.p. dose to rodents at several opportunity points. We analyzed fabric images utilizing fluorescence microscopy and tissue homogenates utilizing spectroscopy to identify and measure CdS MDx QD content and resolve QD concentration in each tissue at prearranged time breaks. Our data clearly granted that CdS-MDx QDs were not completely emptied from in vivo systems after 360 h. Liver and sort tissues took up ultimate QDs, but their Ke and MRT evidenced rapid energetic elimination, suggesting these tools might eliminate QDs. Therefore, in an work to further address this issue, we studied the belongings of CdS-MDx QDs on embryos via an embryotoxicity assay on chicken embryos. Chicken embryos unprotected to CdS-MDx QDs (0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 µg/kg) in ovo for 72 h showed tumor and developmental alterations during the inception and at the end of their incident in a dose-weak manner. Current studies have also proved that CdS-MDx QDs induce embryotoxicity, moving mainly the CNS, the neural hose and somites. The nature of the noticed abnormalities suggests that these belongings could be straightforwardly associated with QD concentrations affecting somitogenesis. Our results display that CdS-MDx QDs induce container death in human container lines. The pharmacokinetic properties of CdS-Mdx QDs can have healing and diagnostic use but, as per current results, remain conceivably harmful to fetus and fetus development. Further studies utilizing mammalian variety are required to discard supplementary toxic belongings.

Author(s) Details:

Rodríguez-López Anahi,
Departamento de Fisica, CINVESTAV – I.P.N, Mexico, D.F., Mexico.

Ayala-Calvillo Erick,
Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, México.

Rodríguez-Fragoso Patricia,
Departamento de Fisica, CINVESTAV – I.P.N, Mexico, D.F., Mexico.

Gerardo González De la Cruz,
Departamento de Fisica, CINVESTAV – I.P.N, Mexico, D.F., Mexico.

Lourdes Rodríguez-Fragoso,
Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, México.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPST-V1/article/view/9095

Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Nanocarriers as a Promising Nanocarrier for Drug Delivery| Chapter 5 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 9

 Objective: The basic goal concerning this review is to discuss ultimate prominent nanocarrier “Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticle” (LPHNP) that overcomes the disadvantage of lipid and polymeric nanoparticles.  This is made up of a polymeric gist and lipid as an outer coating. Lipid-based Nanoparticle has some disadvantages like insufficient drug stowing, fast drug release and physical and synthetic instability all along storage. The polymeric core epitomizes both hydrophilic & hydrophobic drugs and the lipid covering is also gifted to encapsulate lipophilic drugs and provides a coat that gives a obstacle to prevent drug discharge & easily intelligent to the skin. The LPHNPs have a wide range of requests in drug delivery, drug targeting, tumor treatment, intelligence drug delivery, diversified drug delivery, delivery of demonstrative imaging powers and Small interfering Ribonucleic acid (siRNA) etc.Methods: This gathering is based on material from the information, where two-step and Single-step designs were used to manufacture LPHNPs. Most analysts employ the Single-step order of nanoprecipitation and single-step stable evaporation for creating LPHNPs.  Polylactic Glycolic acid (PLGA), Poly € caprolactone, Chitosan, Alginate, Dextron, Sodium Alginate, etc are secondhand as polymeric core and Stearic Acid, Palmitic Acid, Cetyl Alcohol, Behenol Alcohol, etc secondhand as lipid core.Results: We judged each finding in light of the research and the writers' knowledge. Diffusion mechanisms, attended by erosive processes and origin swelling, are all necessary for drug release. The lipid structure offers a biocompatible barrier that functions like the skin's phospholipid bilayer and is quickly absorbed for one skin. For the treatment of cancer, that is to say also intelligent to deliver multi-drug and demonstrative imaging powers.Conclusion: The Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles are the most well-known nanocarrier for drug childbirth.  It has a high bioavailability and is worthy delivering two together hydrophilic and lipophilic medications.

Author(s) Details:

Pankaj Kumar Jaiswal,
IEC College of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh-201310, India.

Princy Malik,
IEC College of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh-201310, India.

Shikha Kesharwani,
Chandra Shekhar Singh College of Pharmacy, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh-212203, India.

Priyanka Singh,
IEC College of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh-201310, India and Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk, Rajasthan-304022, India.

Sakshi Gupta,
ABESIT College of Pharmacy, Uttar Pradesh-201009, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPR-V9/article/view/8674

Review on Resin Modified Core Build Up Materials | Chapter 5 | Research Aspects in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 2

The study's objective is to assess and comprehend the significance of altering resin-based core building materials in order to improve their physical and chemical properties. The oro-facial structures' structural harmony, operational effectiveness, and aesthetic coherence should all be recoverable using restorative materials. It must have the following characteristics in order to satisfy these requirements: enough flexural strength to avoid dislodging of the core during function; enough compressive strength to withstand forces inside the mouth; pins, posts, dimensional stability, ability to attach to tooth structure, and biocompatibility with the surrounding tissues. Some materials, such as Bulk Flow materials and materials that release fluoride, such as Fluorocore, Absolute dentin core build-up composite, and Pulpdent Hardcore, may now be applied in bulk. Most resin-based core build-up materials must be applied in increments to cure properly. The advancement of core building materials and their ability to replicate the structural and functional characteristics of natural tooth structure are hence permanent.

 

Author (s) Details

Gitanjali Singh

Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Lalit C. Boruah

Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Akanksha Bhatt

Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Swikriti Agrawal

Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

View Book :-  https://stm.bookpi.org/RACMS-V2/article/view/7629

Studying the effect of ZrO2 and Sintering Temperature on the Corrosion Behavior and Biocompatibility of Ti-12Mo Alloy for Dental Applications | Chapter 04 | Recent Trends in Chemical and Material Sciences Vol. 8

 Reinforcing pure titanium with 12 percent molybdenum and various weight percentages of zirconia increased the microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion behaviour, and biocompatibility. To obtain a homogeneous distribution of Mo and ZrO2 in the titanium matrix, powder metallurgy is used. For the manufacture of composite powders, mechanical milling with a ball mill machine was employed, with a 10:1 ball to powder ratio, 100 rpm for a 24 hour milling time, and alumina ceramic balls of 10 mm diameter in an argon atmosphere. 2 wt ethanol is used as a process control agent. Powders of Ti–12Mo/(x)ZrO2 composites are cold compacted in a die with dimensions of 17 x 12 mm2 by a uniaxial press under 600 MPa. To select the best suitable temperature, the compacted samples are sintered at three different temperatures: 1350C, 1450C, and 1500C for 90 minutes. The microstructure of the manufactured Ti–12Mo/ZrO2 composites, as well as parameters such as density hardness, wear rates, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility, were investigated. The density of pure Ti was raised by adding 12 wt. percent Mo and increasing the ZrO2 percentage to 5 wt. percent, according to the findings. The eutectoid phase was created by adding 12 wt.% Mo to the titanium matrix to reinforce it. The 5 wt. percent ZrO2 sample had the maximum hardness and the lowest wear rate. In the simulated saliva fluid, the Ti–12Mo/(x)ZrO2 composites demonstrate excellent corrosion resistance (SSF). Both Ti, Mo, and Zr ions produced in SSF from Ti–12Mo/(x)ZrO2 nanocomposites were found to be exceedingly low. The findings showed that Ti–12Mo/5 wt. percent ZrO2 composites have a lot of potential for dental implant applications. The biocompatibility test was estimated for all samples. The data also demonstrated that the 5 wt. percent ZrO2 sample achieves high adherence and proliferation of living cells.

Author(S) Details

Hossam M. Yehia
Department of Production Technology, Faculty of Technology and Education, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.

Ahmed El-Tantawy
Department of Production Technology, Faculty of Technology and Education, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.

I. M. Ghayad
Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI), P.O.Box 87, Helwan, Cairo, Egypt.

Amal S. Eldesoky
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Higher Technological Institute, 10th of Ramadan, 228, Egypt.

Omayma El-Kady
Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI), P.O.Box 87, Helwan, Cairo, Egypt.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RTCAMS-V8/article/view/6537

A Comparative Study on In-vivo Biocompatibility of Four Endodontic Sealers | Chapter 06 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 11

 The goal of this study was to compare the biocompatibility of two new calcium phosphate-based root canal sealers (CPC-I, CPC-II) to a commercially available zinc oxide eugenol-based sealer [Pulp canal sealer EWT (PCS EWT)] and Sealapex after implantation in rat subcutaneous tissue. The test ingredients were placed in sterile polyethylene tubes. The tubes were implanted in the dorsums of male rats, and the animals were euthanized after 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks, yielding 5 specimens for each treatment. As a negative control, empty tubes were used. Inflammation, major cell types, and fibrous connective tissue thickness were all quantified next to each inserted sample. All sealers generated similar inflammatory reactions in the animals' connective tissue at week one, with the majority of specimens demonstrating a moderate to severe chronic inflammatory response. CPC-II and (PCS EWT) caused a severe inflammatory response with the presence of acute inflammatory cells after 2 weeks, whereas CPC-I and Sealapex induced mild and moderate inflammatory responses, respectively. Connective tissue in touch with CPC-I and Sealapex was better organised after 4 weeks, but tissue in contact with CPC-II and (PCS EWT) had a moderate inflammatory reaction and similar effects. CPC-I, (PCS EWT), and Seal apex showed modest inflammatory reactions after 8 weeks. CPC-I elicited the least inflammatory response across all evaluation periods, with the exception of CPC-II, which did not exhibit any reduction in inflammatory response with time. Based on the histology findings of the investigation, CPC-I sealer can be assigned a favourable biocompatibility level.

Author(S) Details

Rania M. Khashaba
Department Oral Biology, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA, USA and Department of Biomaterials, Misr International University (M.I.U), Cairo, Egypt.

Mervet M. Moussa
Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Oral & Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt and Departmentof Basic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V11/article/view/3692

Advanced Study on Preparation, Physical-Chemical Characterization, and Cytocompatibility of Polymeric Calcium Phosphate Cements | Chapter 14 | Current Topics in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

 

Background: Much attention has recently been paid to calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) because of their advantages in terms of in situ handling and forming capabilities compared to calcium phosphate bioceramics. Mechanical and in vitro biological physicochemical properties of novel polymeric calcium phosphate cement (CPC) formulations have been investigated.
Methods: to obtain Forms I, II and III CPCs, monocalcium phosphate, calcium oxide and synthetic hydroxyapatite were mixed either with modified polyacrylic acid, light activated polyalkenoic acid or with polymethyl vinyl ether maleic acid. CPCs were compared with zinc polycarboxylate cement (control) setting time, compressive and diametric strength. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy were used to identify specimens. CPCs and control were tested for in vitro cytotoxicity.
Results: Hydroxyapatite, monetite, and brushite were seen by X-ray diffraction analysis. The presence of stretching peaks in the IR spectra of set cements confirmed the acid-base reaction. Rod-like crystals and platy crystals were disclosed by SEM. The cement setting time was 5-12 min. Compared with power, type III showed significantly higher strength values. High biocompatibility was achieved in type III.
Conclusions: In comparison to zinc polycarboxylate cement (control group), Type III CPC displayed acceptable setting time, substantially higher compressive, and diametral tensile strengths. For dental applications, Type III CPCs show promise.

Author(s) Details


Rania M. Khashaba
Department Oral Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912-1129, USA., Department Orthopaedic Surgery, Section of Biomaterials, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912-1129, USA. and Department of Dental Materials, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo 11787, Egypt.

Mervet Moussa
Department of Oral Pathology, Cairo University, Cairo 11559, Egypt. and Department of Oral Pathology, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo 11787, Egypt.

Christopher Koch
Department Orthopaedic Surgery, Section of Biomaterials, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912-1129, USA.

Arthur R. Jurgensen
Savannah River National Laboratory, Savannah River Nuclear Solutions, Aiken, SC 29808, USA.

David M. Missimer
Savannah River National Laboratory, Savannah River Nuclear Solutions, Aiken, SC 29808, USA.

Ronny L. Rutherford
Savannah River National Laboratory, Savannah River Nuclear Solutions, Aiken, SC 29808, USA.

Norman B. Chutkan
Department Orthopaedic Surgery, Section of Biomaterials, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912-1129, USA.

James L. Borke

Department Oral Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912-1129, USA and Department Orthopaedic Surgery, Section of Biomaterials, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912-1129, USA.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/322

An Overview: Biomechanical Characteristics of Metal Plate Fixators and Composite Plate Fixators | Chapter 4 | Recent Developments in Engineering Research Vol. 6

 

Millions of people around the world are undergoing surgery due to injuries and trauma, and doctors have been using metal fixators for a long time. These fixators are strong and because of biocompatibility concerns, they are rejected by the human body. The finite element analysis of the fixators was carried out in this paper and the mechanical properties of the fixators were analysed. High stresses on the fixators are found to be formed, which causes a mismatch between the bone and the fixator. The composite fixator, epoxy and carbon fibre were manufactured and tested for mechanical and biomechanical properties as an alternative to the metal fixator. The young composite fixator module was found to be very similar to the young bone module, which is one of the essential requirements for biomechanical compatibility for the good healing of the human bone. It is concluded that the composite fixators are stronger than the metal fixators in the analysis. Better is the composite fixators Metal fixators are due to their young modulus, which is similar to the young modulus of the human bone.

Author (s) Details

Dr. D. Bubesh Kumar
Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, India.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/285