Green Synthesis and Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles Using Tamarindus indica Seed Gum Via Microwave Synthesis | Chapter 9 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Developments and Innovations Vol. 7

The initiation of production of huge advanced nanotechnology encourages the usage of noble metal-based Nanoparticles (NPs) for the diagnosis of diseases, selected drug delivery, biological treatment of cancerous cells, and bioimaging. Recent work has established a well-systemized focus on the synthesis, capping, stabilizing and characterization of gold nanoparticles. In this study, tamarind seed gum as a capping and stabilizing agent was used for gold nanoparticles. Auric Chloride Trihydrate (AuCl₃·3H₂O), Rhodamine 6G, and Tamarind seed gum (extracted from the seeds of the Tamarind tree) were collected from the Sree Dattha Group of Institutions, Sheriguda, Telangana, India. AuNPTSG were confirmed by UV, IR, XRD and TEM spectral studies. The UV-Visiblespectra revealed that there is a 525 nm absorption band conformation of Au nanoparticles. The particle size dispersal curve reveals that nanoparticles obtained are polydispersed in nature, having an average diameter of 12 nm. An innovative viable little cost methodology was used to synthesize the AuNPTSG. AuNPTSG was produced by the use of naturally occurring tamarind seed gum which acts as both as reducing and stabilizing agent. Water was used as an ecologically safe solvent.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Amrutham Santoshi Kumari
Department of Humanities & Sciences, Bhoj Reddy Engineering College for Women, I.S Sadan Cross Road, Hyderabad-500059, India.

 

Venkatesham Maragoni
Department of Humanities & Sciences, Siddhartha Engineering College for Technology, Vinobha Nagar, Ibrahim Patnam, R.R District-501506, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsdi/v7/1914 

Role of Bioactive Green Synthesized Nanoparticles in Various Diseases | Chapter 9 | Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 9

Nanoparticles (NPs) are transforming agents in biotechnology. The current strategies for diagnostics, targeted drug delivery and therapy may be offered through this transformational agent. The green synthesis of NPs, which may include those obtained from plant extracts, thereby outlining a sustainable and biocompatible approach to nanobiotechnology. This green synthesis method is much less harmful than chemical processes in the aspect of toxicity. It also makes the nanoparticle much more biocompatible and suitable for medical applications.

Gold NPs are among the most prominent examples to date and have the significant contributions in the realms of biosensing technologies: enabling early detection of infectious diseases and offering novel pathways for cancer therapy. From green synthesis, the gold NPs possess physicochemical properties that allow them to be a functionalized target delivery system, enhancing therapy efficacy while reducing the onset of side effects. Leverage the bioactive compounds found in plants to understand how such NPs may enhance the diagnosis accuracy and the effectiveness of the therapeutic approaches. Integrating sustainability in biotechnology applications has great potential by way of advancing personalized medicine in the face of environmental sustainability within the field.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Sushanta Kumar Barik
Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, MGM University, Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar, Maharashtra, India.

 

Akshata Sewalikar
Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, MGM University, Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar, Maharashtra, India.

Mulay Manjushree Vijay
Department of Microbiology, MGM Medical College and Hospital, Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar, Maharashtra, India.

 

Smita Sitaram Kulkarni
Department of Microbiology, MGM Medical College and Hospital, Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar, Maharashtra, India.

 

Sanjay N Harke
Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, MGM University, Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar, Maharashtra, India.

 

Annasaheb S Khemnar
Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, MGM University, Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar, Maharashtra, India.

 

Ashish S. Deshmukh
Department of Respiratory Medicine, MGM Medical College and Hospital, Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar, Maharashtra, India.

 

Sanjay J Dhoble
Department of Physics, R.T.M. Nagpur University, Nagpur-440033, India.

 

Sadanand Y Guhe
Department of Chemical Engineering, MGM’S Jawaharlal Nehru Engineering College-MGM University, Maharashtra, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpmab/v9/3799

Anticancer Potential and Photocatalytic Efficiency of Phyto-mediated Copper Oxide Nanoparticles | Chapter 2 | Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 4

In a straightforward one-pot synthesis method, Moringa oleifera leaf extract was used to create copper oxide nanoparticles or CuO NPs. The prepared state physicochemical properties of CuO NPs were investigated by means of an array of analytical techniques. Finding the highest absorption peak at 293 nm, which was subsequently utilized to compute the band gap energy (3.82 eV), clearly suggests the existence of CuO nanoparticles. Good crystallinity was indicated by the assessed crystalline size of about 21 nm and the d-spacing value of 0.215 nm of the generated CuO NPs. Its extraordinary elemental purity and well-aggregated structure are confirmed by the EDAX spectrum of the generated CuO NPs. Our preparation method worked, as these facts convincingly show. To further evaluate the generated CuO NPs' potential for in vitro anticancer activities, MCF7 and A549 breast and lung cancer cells were employed. Its potential as a formidable cancer-fighting tactic was highlighted by these data, which showed that varying doses of CuO nanoparticles showed significant and proportionate toxicity toward the assessed cell lines. Furthermore, malachite green (MG) and titan yellow (TY) dyes were degraded using the as-prepared CuO NPs under UV light. Present results show that at the 140th and 110th minute, MG and TY, respectively, showed a noticeable degree of degradation of 84.7% and 79.03% in the basic medium. Upon additional examination of the collected data for the reaction kinetic tests, it was determined that the MG and TY dyes' first-order and zero-order kinetics, respectively, were aligned. The generated CuO NPs not only show great potential as a tool for creating new treatments for lung and breast cancer, but they also have the ability to degrade hazardous cationic and anionic dyes.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Poojitha B. Sridhara Setty
Department of Biotechnology, GM Institute of Technology, Davangere – 577 006, Karnataka, India.

 

Shiva Prasad Kollur
School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Mysuru Campus, Mysuru – 570 026, Karnataka, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rdcbr/v4/594

A Review on Metallic Nanoparticles: A Noble Approach on Drug Delivery System | Chapter 7 | Advanced Concepts in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 1

 Over ancient times few years, diagnosis and situation of various afflictions have become a significant challenge on account of drug resistance, weak bioavailability, drug toxicity and high medication costs. Maximum drugs are hydrophobic in character, and their efficacy depends on the route of presidency. Hence, finding a new drug delivery method is essential for improving drug absorbability, pharmacokinetics, metabolism, metabolic effect event, and minimizing toxicity. These days, the use of nanotechnology, such as nanoparticle nanomaterial, leaves a golden trail in the fitness sector. Nanomaterials vary from bulk materials of the alike composition due to their unique physicochemical features, in the way that their small size, high surface extent to mass percentage, and high reactivity. Nanoparticles (NPs) are detached into categories established shape, size, nature, and arrangement like metallic nanoparticles (MNPs), porous nanoparticles, mesoporous nanoparticles, element nanotubes etc. Various metals and nonmetals, like silver, golden, silicon, and calcium phosphate, are used in nanoparticle preparation for anticancer, antagonistic-microbial, bone conversion etc. Not only the biomedical sector, metallic nanoparticle further has primary functions in textiles, the farming industry etc. The disadvantage of metallic nanoparticles is that they are prepared by poisonous chemicals and demand high energy. Some MNPs again posses has various toxicities. The alternative way to prepare golden nanoparticles is using by plants, bacteria and fungi. Green combining is a promising habit that allows low strength and low cost accompanying less toxicity. This review gives an overview of metallic nanoparticles secondhand in drug delivery plans.

Author(s) Details:

Debajit Dewan,
Bharat Technology, Beltala, Uluberia, Howrah, West Bengal, Pin-711316, India.

Parag Ghosh,
School of Pharmacy, The Neotia University, Jhinga, Sarisa, Diamond Harbour Road, 24 Parganas (South), West Bengal, Pin–743368, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACPR-V1/article/view/12078

Enriched Antibacterial Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Opuntia ficus Indica Fruit Extract | Chapter 6 | Novel Aspects on Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3

 In order to improve the antibacterial venture, Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were green synthesized by Opuntia ficus indica crop aqueous extract. ZnO is an antimicrobial agent and is active to inhibit two together gram beneficial and gram negative microorganisms. The phytochemicals in the plant extract function as stabilizers and reducing powers. In order to investigate the surface study of animal and optical characteristics, SEM and UV-Vis spectroscopy were secondhand.  Zinc oxide nanoparticles accompanying a light brown color show an incorporation band at 445 nm as a result of surface plasmon reverberation.  FTIR and EDX results supported the life of phytochemicals in the produced compounds. The average particle intensity, according to an XRD test, was 21.75 nm. The size of nanoparticles was proved to decrease with climbing temperature and expected smaller in green combining than in chemical synthesis. Aggregated clusters of tinier nanoparticles can be visualized in SEM images. The sample has revised antibacterial exercise.

Author(s) Details:

G. Indramahalakshmi,
Faculty of Chemistry, Cardamom Planters Association College, Bodinayakanur – 625513, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAPR-V3/article/view/10881

Effect of Tinospora Cordifolia Leaf Extract Concentrations on Optical and Photocatalytic Properties of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles| Chapter 9 | New Frontiers in Physical Science Research Vol. 6

 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have happened combined by way of green route utilizing Tinospora cordifolia (Giloe) leaf extract and studies of the ocular and photocatalytic features of combined white nanoparticles have been completed activity. The composition of AgNPs was resolved at various response occasions by UV-Vis spectrometer. The difference of piece content of combined AgNPs accompanying various concentrations of giloe extract was intentional and it is noticed that particle intensity increases accompanying the increase in the aggregation of giloe extract. The ocular band break strength of AgNPs was determined by utilizing Tauc’s connection and the difference of band breach strength accompanying the aggregation of plant extract was intentional. With the decrease in concentration of Giloi leaf extract, the ocular strength band break of AgNPs increases, that signifies a decrease in atom proportion. The green combined AgNPs operated as a good impetus for the depravity of Methylene Blue (MB) dye unprotected to seeable light. The MB dye disgraced to almost 90% inside 60 notes of uncovering opportunity.

Author(s) Details:

Suvankar Saha,
Department of Physics, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar, Assam-783370, India.

P. K. Mochahari,
Department of Physics, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar, Assam-783370, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NFPSR-V6/article/view/9215

Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nano Particles and their Characterization| Chapter 5 | Cutting Edge Research in Biology Vol. 2

 The combination of nanoparticles using green technologies has taken a lot of consideration in recent years. The study inquires to synthesise copper oxide nanoparticles at range temperature using Catharanthus Roseus leaf extract. This process is 100% green, accompanying no hazardous or injurious solvents. Copper sulphate dehydrate (CuSO4.5H2O) and Catharanthus Roseus leaf extract were linked to create copper group of chemical elements micro atoms. By using XRD, FT-IR, and UV-vis spectroscopy, the bio-combined copper oxide nano-atoms were examined and judged.

Author(s) Details:

S. Nazarath Begum,
Department of Physics, Sadakathullah Appa College, Tirunelveli-627011, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CERB-V2/article/view/8887

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Azadirachta Indica and Tinospora Cordifolia Leaves Extracts- Their Optical and Photocatalytic Study| Chapter 5 | Research Aspects in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 4

 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have happened synthesised via green route utilizing two different plant extracts: Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Tinospora cordifolia (Giloe) leaves extracts. The composition of AgNPs has been noticed from the colour change of the solution and is further habitual by UV-Vis Spectroscopy. Optical properties of synthesized samples have happened carried out utilizing UV–VIS spectrophotometer. For Ag- A. indica NPs, the absorbance maximum occurs at 440 nm and the equivalent absorbance peak occurred at 345 nm in the case of Ag- T. cordifolia NPs. Optical band breach energy has existed estimated utilizing Tauc’s relation and differences of band gap strength at different opportunity intervals were analysed for the AgNPs samples able using Azadirachta indica (Neem) as well asTinospora cordifolia (Giloe) leaves extracts. Particle capacity has been establish to decrease with opportunity for Ag- A. indica NPs whereas piece size increases accompanying time for Ag- T. cordifolia NPs. The combined Ag NPs act as a incentive for the degradation of methylene vulgar (MB) dye under visible light. The portion of degradation was found expected 87.56% within 45 notes of exposure to apparent light.

Author(s) Details:

Suvankar Saha,
Department of Physics, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar, Assam-783370, India.

P. K. Mochahari,
Department of Physics, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar, Assam-783370, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACMS-V4/article/view/8692

Recent Advancements in Therapeutic Applications of Plant Based Green Synthesized Nanoparticles | Chapter 2 | Current Topics on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 3

Due to their affordability and eco-friendliness, green nanoparticle synthesis has attracted a lot of interest recently. According to reports, these nanoparticles display a range of therapeutic actions with encouraging outcomes. Although there are several biomaterials available for green synthesis, plants and plant products have shown to be more stable and cost-effective sources of green synthesis. The creation of nanoparticles utilising medicinal plants improves their qualities as they are widely known for their potential therapeutic uses. This chapter describes many kinds of greenly manufactured nanoparticles made from diverse plant sources, with a focus on their medicinal uses.

Author(s) Details:

S. Manju Devi,
Bhavan’s Vivekananda College, Sainikpuri, Secunderabad, Telangana, India.

A. Sai Padma,
Bhavan’s Vivekananda College, Sainikpuri, Secunderabad, Telangana, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTCB-V3/article/view/7494

Review on Green Synthesis of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles for Potential Applications | Chapter 4 | Research Aspects in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 1

 The fundamental purpose of green synthesis is to decrease chemical waste when synthesising nanoparticles (NPs). Green technology is a way of creating high-potential NPs that may be utilised to overcome application limitations in a range of fields. Compared to chemical synthesis, it is more cost-effective. It is chemical-free, does not require sophisticated equipment, and is quite affordable. Chemical-reducing and capping chemicals are routinely used to make metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), which restricts their biological potential. According to experts, green synthesis is an environmentally benign approach that enhances the unique physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials. We look at how to make metal oxide NPs in a green way and how they may be used in a variety of areas, including energy and the environment, aerospace, and medicine. This critique includes medicine, biotechnology, and other topics. The current paper covers a number of significant benefits of NP production using plant extracts. Because it uses low-cost, non-toxic components, the synthesis approach is both environmentally benign and cost-effective. Metal oxide NP size and shape control are critical techniques for a variety of applications.

Author(s) Details:

G. Vinitha,
Division of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACMS-V1/article/view/7081

Assessment of Illicium Verum Mediated Preparation of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: An Approach to XRD, Spectral and Microscopic Analysis | Chapter 08 | Current Topics on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 1

 Green synthesis is a popular topic among scientists. Instead of employing chemicals as a reducing agent, we use plant extract. With zinc nitrate as a precursor and Illicium verum extract as a reducing and stabilising agent, zinc oxide nanoparticles were successfully synthesised. The reducing and stabilising agents were polyphenols and flavonoids found in Star anise. The synthesised Zinc oxide nanoparticles were examined using FT-IR, UV-visible, SEM, and XRD techniques. The nanoparticles were confirmed to be zinc oxide nanoparticles using UV-visible and FT-IR spectroscopy. XRD data was used to determine the structure and size of the created nano-sized particles. Based on XRD studies, the size was predicted to be 27.01 nm. According to SEM investigation, zinc oxide nanoparticles exhibit a spherical and flake-like structure and morphology.

Author(S) Details

M. Kalaimathi
Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Pollachi Main Road, Coimbatore, 641021, India.

A. Maheshwaran
Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Pollachi Main Road, Coimbatore, 641021, India.

K. Hariharan
Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Pollachi Main Road, Coimbatore, 641021, India.

S. Vishnu
Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Pollachi Main Road, Coimbatore, 641021, India.

R. Chinnasamy
Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Pollachi Main Road, Coimbatore, 641021, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CTCB-V1/article/view/6529

Plant Extract Mediated Green Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticle and Its Antimicrobial Activity: A Brief Review | Chapter 9 | Innovations in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 2

 Nanotechnology's application in biological domains has gotten a lot of interest recently, with applications in fields including cancer therapy, medication delivery, biosensors, antioxidants, antimicrobials, agriculture, and so on. The most typically manufactured nanoparticles are gold, silver, iron, copper, nickel, and selenium, which will be the focus of this review due to their excellent biological activity. Green synthesis of SeNPs is a better alternative for the environment than previous approaches. Selenium nanoparticles of various shapes and sizes can be created using numerous raw materials and processes, each of which imparts unique properties to the nanoparticles generated. Plant materials with proven bio-active qualities, such as Aloe vera leaves, citrus fruits, and cinnamon bark, were shown to be ideal for green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles. The benefits of selenium include its natural availability, minimal toxicity (in nanoparticle form), and antibacterial and antioxidant effects. Even though the specific mechanism of action is unknown, the combined effect of the plant's bioactive characteristics, selenium's antioxidant properties, and heightened reactivity in nano-particle form has done wonders against some of the most deadly human infections. With microbial pathogens becoming increasingly resistant to the present antibiotic arsenal, these cutting-edge methods are critical in our fight against microbial diseases. The green synthesis of Selenium nanoparticles utilising various plant extracts, as well as their characterisation methodologies and antibacterial activity against a variety of bacteria and fungi, are reviewed in this paper.

Author(S) Details

Rajesh Dev Sarkar
Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India.

Jutika Deka
Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India.

Mohan Chandra Kalita
Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IMB-V2/article/view/4721

Studies on Synthesis of N-1 Fused Heterocyclic Derivatives Using Potassium Carbonate and PEG-400 as Green Catalyst | Chapter 11 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 10

 Indole and benzimidazole, as well as their substituted derivatives, are attracting attention due to their synthetic utility and wide range of pharmacological effects. N-substituted fused heterocyclic compounds are usually physiologically active and could be used to treat cancer. Because of its solubility in water, mild basic character, ease of availability, eco-friendliness, and benign nature, K2CO3 has been found to be essential for a variety of processes. The effect of the catalyst ratio utilised anhydrous K2CO3 for its N-1 alkylation or arylation of indole-3-carboxaldehyde and 2-acetylbenzimidazole is noticed in the presence and absence of phase transfer catalysts such as PEG-400 and TEBAC. The 1:4 ratio of anhydrous K2CO3 to PEG-400 results in easy catalyst handling, mild reaction conditions, and excellent yields when reactions are carried out at 10-15oC. The method's simplicity makes it appealing for making N-fused heterocyclic compounds that could be used as biological replacements.

Author (S) Details

Anjali M. Wanegaonkar
Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Sector-8, CBD Belapur - Navi Mumbai- 400614, Maharashtra, India.

Milind J. Bhitre
Deptartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry C. U. Shah College of Pharmacy, S. N. D. T. Women’s University, Sir Vithaldas Vidyavihar, Juhu Road, Santacruz (West), Mumbai- 400 049, Maharashtra, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/TIPR-V10/article/view/2848

Plastic Waste Recycling as Green Corrosion Inhibitors for Steel in a Variety of Corrosive Media| Chapter 11 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 14

 The goal of this chapter is to present a series of experiments aimed at minimising pollution by converting plastic waste into valuable items, as well as to examine the inhibitory effect of plastic waste on steel alloy corrosion in diverse aquatic environments. PET plastic waste was used as an economical and safe corrosion inhibitor for steel in corrosive conditions such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, nitric acid, and aqueous saline. The outcomes of Poly's evaluation are detailed in the present section (ethylene terephthalate), PET waste and modified products were tested chemically and electrochemically as corrosion inhibitors for steel in a variety of media. The chapter summarises all scientific efforts and highlights Reda Abdel Hameed's new approach, which is a fresh approach that involves green recycling of plastic trash using a solvent-free green approach and employing the changed product as green corrosion inhibitors.

Author (s) Details

Reda Abdel Hameed Abdelghany Said
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al- Azhar University, 11884, Cairo, Egypt and Basic Science Department, Preparatory Year, University of Ha’il, 1560, Hail, KSA.

View Book :  https://stm.bookpi.org/AAER-V14/article/view/1270

Silver-Cobalt Bimetallic Nanoparticles as a Nanotechnological Method for Control of Culex quinquefasciatus-Borne Diseases | Chapter 1 | Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 1

Many applications have been used to synthesize bimetallic nanoparticles, especially as larvicidal agents, so these bimetallic nanoparticles need to be generated via a cost-effective and eco-friendly path. The green synthesis of Ag-Co hybrid nanoparticles obtained from Palmyra palm aqueous root extract is stated here. The formation of hybrid nanoparticles was detected by a change in color from light pink to light brown and further analyzed by UV-Vis and FT-IR spectrophotometers. The maximum absorption wavelength, λmax, was found to be 420 nm, as calculated by the UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. The FT-IR showed the BMNPs' formation and stabilization. The nanolarvicidal potency was assessed by applying varying concentrations from 5 to 50 mg/L to the first to fourth larval stalks and recording a percentage mortality rate after 24 hours. Probit analysis showed that for the first instar, LC50 and LC90 were 5,237 mg/L and 49,240 mg/L, 9,310 mg/L and 94,969 mg/L for the second instar, 13,626 mg/L and 105,542 mg/L for the third/4th instar. Therefore, this finding indicates that nanoparticles can be used as a possible monitor for the growth of the larval population. These plant-mediated nanoparticles were active against the mosquito larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Wilson Lamayi Danbature
Department of Chemistry, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria.

Zaccheus Shehu
Department of Chemistry, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria.

Mela Yoro
Department of Chemical Sciences, Federal University Kashere, Gombe, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACB-V1/issue/view/12

Natural Acid Catalyzed Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Dihydropyrimidinone Derivative Synthesied from Vanillin, Ethylacetoacetate and Urea | Chapter 13 | Current Perspectives on Chemical Sciences Vol. 3

 

In recent years, green synthesis of organic compounds using solvent-free conditions has gained popularity, as most solvents are either poisonous or flammable. In the field of natural and synthetic organic chemistry, dihydropyrimidinones are very significant heterocyclic motifs. The natural acid catalyst is used for organic synthesis, which catalyses different organic transformations efficiently. A green methodology for the synthesis of the dihydropyrimidinone derivative is the objective of the present study. The present study focuses on the synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of vanillin, ethylacetoacetate and urea derivatives of dihydropyrimidinone ethyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate using gooseberry extract. The antimicrobial activity indicates that the synthesised dihydropyrimidinone can be used to treat microbial diseases. The synthesised compound is characterised by spectroscopy of UV-Visible and FT-IR. Antibacterial , antifungal, antioxidant and anti-helminthic activities are seen in the synthesised compound. This natural acid catalysed synthesis is safe, environmentally friendly and does not use hazardous materials and quantifies it as a green approach to organic compound synthesis.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Sheeba Daniel
Department of Chemistry and Research Centre, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Nagercoil- 629004, Tamil Nadu, India.

K. Saraniya
Department of Chemistry and Research Centre, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Nagercoil- 629004, Tamil Nadu, India.

P. Vinitha
Department of Chemistry and Research Centre, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Nagercoil- 629004, Tamil Nadu, India.

T. R. Scotlin Blessy

Department of Chemistry and Research Centre, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Nagercoil- 629004, Tamil Nadu, India.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/318

Green Chemistry: Synthesis of Multisubstituted 4HChromenes in Water | Chapter 9 | Current Perspectives on Chemical Sciences Vol. 3

 Chromenes are an significant class of heterocycles that exhibit remarkable effects as pharmaceuticals in various bioactive scaffolds, including anticancer, antifungal, anti-anaphylactin spasmolytic activity. For the synthesis of chromene frameworks, several synthetic protocols have been developed, but most of them suffer from constraints such as harsh reaction conditions, absence of generality, tedious work-up and toxic solvent usage. An expeditious and environmentally safe, general protocol for the synthesis of 2-Amino-3-Cyano-4H-chromenes through the Knoevenagel-Michael-intramolecular cyclization reaction cascade is therefore stated herein. The products were obtained at high (80-95 percent) yields in room temperature water under a catalyst-free reaction. Pure solid products have been obtained by simple techniques of filtration.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Subrahmanya Ishwar Bhat

Department of Chemistry, NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte, Karkala 574110, Karnataka, India.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/318

Green Synthesis of Cu/CuO and Ag2O Nanomaterials for Multifunctional Applications | Chapter 8 | Current Research in Science and Technology Vol. 4

Green routes of synthesis are simple, safe, nontoxic and eco­friendly methods to synthesize nanoparticles of various metals and their oxides by the application of bioactive compounds of plants, algae, fungi, yeast, etc. Green engineered copper and copper oxide nanoparticles (Cu and CuO NPs) synthesis has been reported to be more economical and best alternative method among available methods. Cu and CuO NPs have been applied as dietary additives, lubricant supplements, chemical sensors, coating materials in addition to large number of biotechnological and pharmaceuticals applications. The present review aims to bring awareness about various aspects of biogenic synthesis of Cu and its oxide NPs for multifunctional applications and discusses their characterization techniques and applications in antimicrobial activity evaluation, photocatalysis, organic dye degradation, biomedical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, energy and catalysis. The photo catalytic performance of the synthesized nano­crystalline Ag2O by photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes under visible light irradiation has also been discussed thoroughly in this review. 

Author(s) Details

H. C. Ananda Murthy
Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University, P.O. Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia.

Mr. C. H. Prakash
School of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, P.O. Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia.

Mr. Buzuayehu Abebe
Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied 1888, Adama, Ethiopia

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/176