Visible Light-activated 2-Phenyl Indole (PI)/TiCl4 Complexes for Atmospheric CO2 Capture and C6-C17 Organic Synthesis via Hydroxyl Radical Synergism | Chapter 9 | Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 1

Preferred systems are catalysts that operate away from equilibrium, continuously supplied with energy and materials from inexhaustible sources such as sunlight, air, and water. This concept underpins artificial photosynthesis (AP). A novel self-organized chemical "living" system is presented that mimics natural photosynthesis by capturing CO₂ and H₂O from the atmosphere under ambient conditions. Using 2-phenyl indole (PI) and TiCl₄ complexes activated by visible light, this system autonomously reduces CO₂ with H₂O protons to produce long-chain oxygenated hydrocarbons up to C₁₇. The process begins with hydrolyzed PI/TiCl₄ complexes reacting with CO₂ to form organotitanium carbonates, with the 2:1 PI/TiCl₄ ratio proving most effective. Visible light reduces Ti+⁴ to Ti³⁺ and Ti²⁺, generating hydroxyl radicals, which play a critical role in the reduction of CO₂ to CO, H₂CO, and CH₃OH. These intermediate further couple to form C₆ to C₉ α-carboxylic acid-ω-aldehyde compounds, which serve as feedstocks for the subsequent synthesis of longer carbon chains (C₁₂ to C₁₇) through a radical mechanism. The system facilitates ligand exchange between PI and donor molecules, forming adducts involved in the photocatalytic process. Additionally, PI oligomerization contributes to the formation of functional oligomers. Over two dozen intermediates and products were identified using MALDI-TOF, ¹³C NMR, and IR spectroscopy, highlighting the complexity of the reaction network. This catalytic system uniquely integrates organotitanium chemistry and hydroxyl radical pathways, autonomously capturing CO₂ and humidity from the atmosphere while harnessing solar energy to produce valuable long-chain oxygenated hydrocarbons. This prototype offers a foundation for exploring broader applications and enhancements using other metals and ligands.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Gregory G. Arzoumanidis
Oakwood Consulting, Inc. Naperville, IL 60540, USA.

 

Michail Paraskevas
Guandong Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Jinping, Shantou, Guandong 515063, P. R. China.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cbrp/v1/3722

Application of Nanotechnology for Water Treatment | Book Publisher International

Water contamination is a growing global concern, necessitating advanced treatment strategies to ensure clean and safe water. Nanotechnology offers promising solutions by providing the unique properties of nanomaterials to enhance water purification efficiency. This book explores fundamental aspects of nanomaterials, including metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon-based nanomaterials, and nanocomposites, along with their synthesis and functionalization by using top-down and bottom-up approaches. Key topics include adsorption mechanisms, photocatalysis, and membrane-based technologies for removing heavy metals, organic pollutants, pathogens, and emerging contaminants. The improved efficiency, effectiveness, and flexibility of nano-enabled water treatment are highlighted by compared to traditional approaches. The book also addresses economic feasibility, environmental impact, regulatory considerations, and public acceptance of nanotechnology-driven solutions. Public perception and acceptance of nanotechnology-based solutions are analyzed to assess scalability and real-world implementation. The book concludes with an overview of existing challenges such as nanoparticle stability, regeneration, and safe disposal while outlining future trends in nano-enabled water treatment, including hybrid nanomaterial systems, bio-inspired nanotechnologies, and AI-driven optimization. This book aims to solve current challenges and provide next-generation treatment options for global water security by expanding nanotechnology applications and supporting sustainable water purification techniques.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Dr. Bikram Keshari Das
Nano Innovation Laboratory, School of IKST, Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences (KISS) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar-751024, Odisha, India.

 

Dr. Tanushree Das
Nano Innovation Laboratory, School of IKST, Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences (KISS) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar-751024, Odisha, India.

 

Miss Surekha Majhi
Nano Innovation Laboratory, School of IKST, Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences (KISS) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar-751024, Odisha, India.

 

Mrs. Dipteerekha Das
Nano Innovation Laboratory, School of IKST, Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences (KISS) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar-751024, Odisha, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49238-63-3

Anticancer Potential and Photocatalytic Efficiency of Phyto-mediated Copper Oxide Nanoparticles | Chapter 2 | Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 4

In a straightforward one-pot synthesis method, Moringa oleifera leaf extract was used to create copper oxide nanoparticles or CuO NPs. The prepared state physicochemical properties of CuO NPs were investigated by means of an array of analytical techniques. Finding the highest absorption peak at 293 nm, which was subsequently utilized to compute the band gap energy (3.82 eV), clearly suggests the existence of CuO nanoparticles. Good crystallinity was indicated by the assessed crystalline size of about 21 nm and the d-spacing value of 0.215 nm of the generated CuO NPs. Its extraordinary elemental purity and well-aggregated structure are confirmed by the EDAX spectrum of the generated CuO NPs. Our preparation method worked, as these facts convincingly show. To further evaluate the generated CuO NPs' potential for in vitro anticancer activities, MCF7 and A549 breast and lung cancer cells were employed. Its potential as a formidable cancer-fighting tactic was highlighted by these data, which showed that varying doses of CuO nanoparticles showed significant and proportionate toxicity toward the assessed cell lines. Furthermore, malachite green (MG) and titan yellow (TY) dyes were degraded using the as-prepared CuO NPs under UV light. Present results show that at the 140th and 110th minute, MG and TY, respectively, showed a noticeable degree of degradation of 84.7% and 79.03% in the basic medium. Upon additional examination of the collected data for the reaction kinetic tests, it was determined that the MG and TY dyes' first-order and zero-order kinetics, respectively, were aligned. The generated CuO NPs not only show great potential as a tool for creating new treatments for lung and breast cancer, but they also have the ability to degrade hazardous cationic and anionic dyes.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Poojitha B. Sridhara Setty
Department of Biotechnology, GM Institute of Technology, Davangere – 577 006, Karnataka, India.

 

Shiva Prasad Kollur
School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Mysuru Campus, Mysuru – 570 026, Karnataka, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rdcbr/v4/594

Green Supports for Heterogeneous Photocatalysts and their Application in Wastewater Remediation | Chapter 1 | Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 2

An overview of water pollution, its causes and the current scenario of water scarcity at global and national levels is addressed in the introductory section. The need for advanced oxidation techniques such as the use of homogeneous and heterogeneous photocatalysts is briefly presented. In this new era, researchers look into the development of green and eco-friendly photocatalysts such as metal oxide/graphene quantum dots and carbon-based supported photocatalysts. Supported photocatalysts such as carbon dots, activated carbon, biodegradable polymers, clay and glass plates or glass beads immobilized photocatalysts are also thoroughly reviewed and well presented. A highlight on the patented technologies for wastewater treatment is also presented for the benefit of the readers which might encourage more research contributions to the field.

 

Author (s) Details

Preeja. P. Thattil
Department of Science, Christ Academy Institute for Advanced Studies, Affiliated to Bangalore University, Bengaluru-560 083, Karnataka, India.

 

G. Dayana Jeyaleela
Pg & Research Department of Chemistry, National College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli – 620001, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

K. Kavitha

Pg & Research Department of Chemistry, National College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli – 620001, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

K. P. Selvanayagi

Pg & Research Department of Chemistry, National College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli – 620001, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

S. Sumathi
Department of Chemistry, Sri Sairam Institute of Technology, Chennai-44, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cbrp/v2/3409

Determination of Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Silver Doped ZnO for Degradation of Rhodamine 6G | Chapter 2 | Current Innovations in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 6

In this study, an attempt has been made to study the photocatalytic degradation of R6G in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation by using Ag doped ZnO. Silver ion doping is done by liquid impregnation method. Rhodamine 6G (R6G) is a basic dye used to dye wool, cotton, silk and paper where brilliant shades of fluorescent effects are required. But the release of this complex dye and its products in to the environment is hazardous. ZnO was doped with Ag of varying concentrations such as 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 atom percentages by liquid impregnation method in order to improve its photocatalytic activity and the samples were calcined at various temperatures for 2 h. The catalyst was characterized by XRD and SEM. The XRD patterns indicates well indexed phases of ZnO wurtize structure with no shift in peak positions and SEM images shows that the particles are in different shapes and sizes. Band gaps of ZnO and silver doped ZnO were calculated from UV-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopic studies. The band gap energy of pure ZnO was found to be 3.28 eV and is slightly decreased to 3.27 eV for 1.0 atom% Ag-ZnO and remains unaffected for 0.5 and 1.5 atom% Ag-ZnO. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO was found to be enhanced by Ag doping. The dye degradation was investigated at different initial dye concentrations and photocatalyst doses.

Author(s) Details:

S. Siva Kumar,
Department of Chemistry, Anil Neerukonda Institute of Technology and Sciences, Sangivalasa, Visakhapatnam-531 162, India.

P. Viswarupachary,
Department of Physics, Anil Neerukonda Institute of Technology and Sciences, Sangivalasa, Visakhapatnam-531 162, India.

V. Ranga Rao,
Department of Chemistry, Government College (A), Rajahmundry-533 105, India.

G. Nageswara Rao,
School of Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530 003, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CICMS-V6/article/view/13526

High Photocatalytic Activity of the TiO2/ZnO Mesoporous Composites Obtained by Solution Combustion Method | Chapter 5 | Current Perspectives on Chemical Sciences Vol. 2

 The high photocatalytic activity of the mesoporous TiO2 / ZnO composites for the degradation of Methylene Blue and Rhodamine B dyes is recorded in this work. The composites were obtained at different ZnO / TiO2 ratios during short synthesis times by the solution combustion process. X-Ray diffraction suggests TiO2 and a hexagonal wurtzite structure for ZnO in the anatase process. According to these observations, the zinc excess facilitates the formation of zinc titanate when the incorporation of ZnO into TiO2 reaches 32 percent. In the visible field, the UV-vis composite spectra display absorption associated with oxygen vacancies and carbon incorporated into ZnO during the combustion phase. A carbon integration of up to 3.47 percent is seen in the EDS study. The photocatalytic activity increased by up to 20 percent compared to that obtained when using UV radiation only when the photocatalytic process is done with UV-vis radiation. The semiconductor composite, whose ZnO content is 32.1 percent, poses the highest photocatalytic activity. A greater surface area and a better distribution of pore size are correlated with the improvement of photocatalytic function.

Author(s) Details

A. Luna-Flores
Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 18 sur, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 72570, Puebla, Pue. México.

I. Niño-Flores
Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 18 sur, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 72570, Puebla, Pue. México.

M. A. Morales
Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 18 sur, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 72570, Puebla, Pue. México.

A. D. Hernández-de la Luz
Centro de Investigación en Dispositivos Semiconductores, Instituto de Ciencias (CIDS- ICUAP), Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Col. Jardines de San Manuel, Av. San Claudio y 14 Sur, Cd. Universitaria, Edificios IC-5 y IC-6. Puebla, Pue., 72570 México.

J. A. Luna-López
Centro de Investigación en Dispositivos Semiconductores, Instituto de Ciencias (CIDS- ICUAP), Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Col. Jardines de San Manuel, Av. San Claudio y 14 Sur, Cd. Universitaria, Edificios IC-5 y IC-6. Puebla, Pue., 72570 México.

R. Portillo
Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 18 sur Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 72570, Puebla, Pue. México.

D. Cruz-González
Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 18 sur, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 72570, Puebla, Pue. México.

R. Agustín-Serrano
Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 18 sur Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 72570, Puebla, Pue. México.

M. P. Sampedro
Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 18 sur, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 72570, Puebla, Pue. México.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/302