Understanding Carbon Sequestration in Sugarcane Plant-soil System: Influence of Nutrient Integration Practices in Indo-Gangetic Plains of India | Chapter 7 | Research Advances in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 9

 

Sugarcane is a versatile crop with significant potential for carbon sequestration in both soil and plants. This study assessed the carbon sequestration in planted sugarcane and rhizospheric soil under various nutrient management practices. According to the IPCC, rising global temperatures due to GHG emissions are a primary cause of global warming. To stabilize global temperatures, it is essential to mitigate anthropogenic CO2 emissions and enhance the sequestration of surplus atmospheric CO2 in plants and soil. Sugarcane cultivation plays a crucial role in this process, as it is a C4 plant with high efficiency in utilizing CO2 during photosynthesis. One approach to enhance CO2 capture is through improved nutrient management practices, which can increase chlorophyll synthesis and nitrogen efficiency in sugarcane. Different treatment compositions can enhance photosynthesis, leading to greater CO2 capture. Consequently, sugarcane crops and their rhizospheric soils act as important carbon sinks, contributing to atmospheric decarbonization and global cooling.

 

Soil Properties and Carbon Storage: The study results indicated that soil physical and chemical properties varied significantly among treatments due to the application of different organic amendments. Soil organic carbon (SOC) was analyzed and ranged from 0.47% to 0.67%. The different organic amendment treatments notably improved soil bulk density, porosity, and carbon storage.

 

Plant Carbon Storage: Carbon stocks in various sugarcane plant parts, including roots, shoots, and leaves, were significantly different across treatments. The highest carbon stock was found in leaves (877.08 kg ha-¹) under T6, followed by roots (668.74 kg ha-¹) in T2, and shoots (422.77 kg ha-¹) in T5. This indicates that leaves stored 30.41% and 107.58% more carbon than roots and shoots, respectively, while roots stored 58.18% more carbon than shoots. The total carbon storage in sugarcane biomass, including aboveground and belowground parts, varied significantly across treatments. The mean carbon storage in aboveground parts (leaves and stalks) was significantly higher (1239.65 kg ha-¹) than in underground parts (roots) at 621.73 kg ha-¹. These findings demonstrate that sugarcane farming practices can effectively enhance carbon sequestration, contributing to climate change mitigation. The sugarcane crop and rhizospheric soils act as important carbon sinks in the decarbonisation of the atmosphere, ultimately reducing carbon levels and causing global cooling.

 

 

Author (s) Details

Ajeet Kumar
Department of Soil Science, Sugarcane Research Institute, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur)-848125, Bihar, India.

 

Sunita Kumari Meena
Department of Soil Science, Sugarcane Research Institute, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur)-848125, Bihar, India.

 

Sanjay Kumar Singh
Department of Soil Science, Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi, Muzaffarpur, India.

 

S. K. Sinha
Regional Research Station, Madhopur, West Champaran, Bihar-845454, India.

 

Amrita Kumari
Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur-813210, India.

 

A. K. Singh
Department of Soil Science, Sugarcane Research Institute, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur)-848125, Bihar, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/raeges/v9/1425

Visible Light-activated 2-Phenyl Indole (PI)/TiCl4 Complexes for Atmospheric CO2 Capture and C6-C17 Organic Synthesis via Hydroxyl Radical Synergism | Chapter 9 | Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 1

Preferred systems are catalysts that operate away from equilibrium, continuously supplied with energy and materials from inexhaustible sources such as sunlight, air, and water. This concept underpins artificial photosynthesis (AP). A novel self-organized chemical "living" system is presented that mimics natural photosynthesis by capturing CO₂ and H₂O from the atmosphere under ambient conditions. Using 2-phenyl indole (PI) and TiCl₄ complexes activated by visible light, this system autonomously reduces CO₂ with H₂O protons to produce long-chain oxygenated hydrocarbons up to C₁₇. The process begins with hydrolyzed PI/TiCl₄ complexes reacting with CO₂ to form organotitanium carbonates, with the 2:1 PI/TiCl₄ ratio proving most effective. Visible light reduces Ti+⁴ to Ti³⁺ and Ti²⁺, generating hydroxyl radicals, which play a critical role in the reduction of CO₂ to CO, H₂CO, and CH₃OH. These intermediate further couple to form C₆ to C₉ α-carboxylic acid-ω-aldehyde compounds, which serve as feedstocks for the subsequent synthesis of longer carbon chains (C₁₂ to C₁₇) through a radical mechanism. The system facilitates ligand exchange between PI and donor molecules, forming adducts involved in the photocatalytic process. Additionally, PI oligomerization contributes to the formation of functional oligomers. Over two dozen intermediates and products were identified using MALDI-TOF, ¹³C NMR, and IR spectroscopy, highlighting the complexity of the reaction network. This catalytic system uniquely integrates organotitanium chemistry and hydroxyl radical pathways, autonomously capturing CO₂ and humidity from the atmosphere while harnessing solar energy to produce valuable long-chain oxygenated hydrocarbons. This prototype offers a foundation for exploring broader applications and enhancements using other metals and ligands.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Gregory G. Arzoumanidis
Oakwood Consulting, Inc. Naperville, IL 60540, USA.

 

Michail Paraskevas
Guandong Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Jinping, Shantou, Guandong 515063, P. R. China.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cbrp/v1/3722

Solar Radiation Enhancement with Reflected Light from Stationary Mirrors | Chapter 4 | Contemporary Perspective on Science, Technology and Research Vol. 3

 Energy from the sun, an electromagnetic radiation which is discharged by the sun determines the heat and light required for all time on Earth. This chapter generally focuses on analyzing the approaches for solar radiation augmentation. It is common that Plants can benefit from radiation deviation in the direction of their growth in positions where plant growth is limited by solar radiation force. An economical way of achievement this is to use a convex mirror, suitable for the particular location, established above the target area for fear that no attention is required during the whole of the year or added period of use. Certainly, it is concluded that an appropriately formed, fixed, convex mirror can determine supplementary solar radiation to plants outside any need for adaptation or maintenance during the ending of use.

Author(s) Details:

Tom R. C. Boyde,
University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPSTR-V3/article/view/12916

Radopholus similis Reduced Banana (Musa AAA) Leaf Photosynthesis | Chapter 2 | Research Highlights in Science and Technology Vol. 3

The effect of Radopholus similis on person who teases (Musa AAA cv. Grande Naine) leaf photosynthesis was persistent during all of four experiments that were achieved activity under lathhouse environments. In vitro plants were cultivated in marijuana of 1.8 L book property entirely clean or unsterilized soil from a commercial person who kids farm. In the first experiment all along the three weighing occasions (7 am, 10 am, and 1 pm), at 45 days following in position or time additional dose of vaccine, the best photosynthesis rate was noticed in the plants naive nematodes and mean in those plants inoculated following 500 (506 ± 18) R. similis per cauldron. In the judgment at 10 am a decline of 46% (P= 0.0307) in the photosynthesis rate was establish plants immunized following R. similis that were grown in the entirely clean person who teases soil. In the second experiment, afterwards 75 days of the immunization, from the six photosynthesis fate periods (6-7, 8-9, and 10-11 am or 12-1, 1-2 and 2-3 pm) accompanying irregularity of that at 2-3 pm, highest in rank photosynthesis rate was noticed in the plants innocent nematodes. Reductions in the photosynthesis rate following nematode additional dose of vaccine varied between 12 and 36% at 6-7 am, 'tween 13 and 57% at 8-9 am, betwixt 32 and 57% at 10-11 am, and middle from two points 16 and 65% at 12-1 pm, and between 13 and 47% at 1-2 pm. The photosynthesis rate belittled linearly as the number of R. similis immunized raised in the evaluations of 8-9 (P= 0.0070) and 10-11 am (P= 0.0049) or 12-1 pm (P= 0.0048) and 1-2 pm (P= 0.0255). In the tertiary experiment, a photosynthetic light backlash curve was persistent at 75 days following available or time additional dose of vaccine show that the extent under curve of the potential adjustment rate of the plants immunized following 1500 (1564 ± 49) R. similis was reduced (P= 0.0153) by 70% famous to non-immunized plants.  At the last experiment, major computer network adaptation rate curve at 4 (P< 0.0001), 11 (P= 0.0340) and 25 (P= 0.0127) days later nematode inoculation was more exaggerated on the plants innocent nematodes. So, in the four experiments, hostile photosynthetic rate was in consideration of the plants contaminated by R. similis.

Author(s) Details:

Andres Castillo,
LIFE-RID, AMVAC, Costa Rica.

Ricardo Astua,
MONRERI, Costa Rica.

Walter Jimenez,
MONRERI, Costa Rica.

Juan Delgado,
LIFE-RID, AMVAC, Costa Rica.

Eduardo Salas,
Catedrático Universidad Nacional, Escuela Ciencias Agrarias, Costa Rica.

Mario Araya,
AMVAC Chemical Corporation, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHST-V3/article/view/10752

Determining the Participation of Stem and ear Photosynthesis Information of the Crop and its Quality in Wheat| Chapter 7 | Emerging Challenges in Environment and Earth Science Vol. 3

The purpose was to determine the composition of generated chemicals in caryopses formed from photosynthetic products carried from various chlorophyll-containing wheat organs, as well as the contribution of non-leaf organs to total plant photosynthesis. Using 14CO2 tagged carbon, photosynthesis of numerous organs and their contribution to ear caryopsis production were studied during the caryopsis development stage of spring wheat plants (Moskovskaya-35). The presence of 14C in amino acids was found to be more than twice as high in ear photosynthesis. Among the labelled low molecular weight compounds in caryopsis, the highest labelled carbon in the 14CO2 was discovered in the photoassimilates of the flag leaf (70.4%), the ear (55.8%), and the stem under the flag (54.8%) following a brief exposure (2 hours) after photosynthesis (41.5 percent ). Only a brief exposure of the photosynthesizing organ revealed a difference in 14C inclusion in total proteins in the caryopsis (2 hours). The caryopsis synthesised the most water-soluble proteins (flag - 73.9 percent; stem - 46.4 percent; ear - 44.8 percent), while the majority of 14C was derived from non-leaf organ photosynthesis (10.5; 21.5; 28.4 and 4.3; 12.5; 13.4).

Author(s) Details:

Vladimir I. Chikov,
FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 420088, Kazan, Russia.

Guzel A. Akhtyamova,
FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 420088, Kazan, Russia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ECEES-V3/article/view/6695

Study about Dinosaurs - Mystery of Growth and Extinction Correction, Mystery of Growth and Extinction of Dinosaurs | Chapter 1 | Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 7

 It has long been assumed that the mass extinction of dinosaurs — a difficult geological problem – occurred as a result of the impact of a massive stone on the earth, as proposed by the Alvarez father and son team in 1980. Despite these objections, Alvarez and Alvarez's viewpoint has received widespread acceptance from geologists, including palaeontologists and other fields of science.

The author gives a significantly different perspective on dinosaur extinction, for which it is thought necessary to understand the causes of massive animal expansion. It can be presumed from the massive coal deposits of the Permian and Carboniferous periods that the oxygen content of the atmosphere of the Triassic period - which followed - increased greatly due to widespread photosynthesis of glossopteris-rich forests. From this perspective, the favourable oxygen-rich environment with lots of food material that prevailed during the Triassic epoch could be a plausible reason for some creatures' rapid growth. As a result, animals that roamed in the oxygen-rich atmosphere of the time, where lots of food was also available, grew to be big. However, during the K-T boundary stage, when major volcanism occurred in numerous parts of the globe, the oxygen concentration of the atmosphere was significantly reduced, a completely different condition prevailed. This resulted in the extinction of huge species that required a greater amount of oxygen for survival, whereas smaller animals were untouched.

Author(S) Details

Subhasis Sen
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/MAGEES-V7/article/view/5090

Studies on Global Redox Carbon Cycle and Periodicity of Some Phenomena in Biosphere (6381)| Chapter 4 | Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 6

 A global redox carbon cycle model is used to investigate the irregular periodicity of some biosphere events such as climatic cycles, mass extinctions, sudden changes in biodiversity rate, and others over geological time. It is demonstrated that the periodicity of these various natural events is caused by a single cause. Moving lithospheric plates have a periodic impact on photosynthesis via CO2 injections, which is the cause. The oxidation of sedimentary organic matter via thermochemical sulphate reduction from the subduction zone, where plates clash, is the source of CO2. Orogenic cycles are generated by the periodicity and irregularity of lithospheric plate movement, which occur against a backdrop of orogenic cycles. Identify the geological events that occurred in the past. Orogenic cycles occurred until the carbon cycle reached the ecological compensation point, which occurs when the amount of photosynthetically produced carbon equals the amount of reduced carbon oxidised in the Earth's crust's various oxidation processes. Long-term orogenic cycles were replaced by short-term climatic oscillations after this time. The orogenic cycles and climatic oscillations share the same set of characteristics, indicating that they are of the same nature. The only things that have changed are the length of the event and the magnitude of its impact.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Alexander A. Ivlev
Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Agricultural Academy of Timiryazev, Timiryazevskaya str. 49 Moscow 127550, Russia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CIEES-V6/article/view/2830

Determination of Chlorophyll Concentration in Seven Citrus species of Kokrajhar District, BTAD, Assam, India| Chapter 12 | Recent Progress in Plant and Soil Research Vol. 2

 Citrus species grown in various Kokrajhar district locations were discovered in 2016, and a new experiment was conducted in 2017-18 to determine the chlorophyll content in seven selected Citrus species. The study's main goal was to determine the chlorophyll concentration and its relationship to the growth and development of the plant species in question. As a result, the Biotech Hub laboratory estimated and quantified the content of Chl a, Chl b, and total chlorophyll (Chl a + Chl b) in each species. Green plants synthesise a diverse spectrum of primary and secondary metabolites in varying amounts, as is well known. Chlorophylls are a type of pigment that can be found in plants.metabolites that give plants and fruits their colour, especially when they are immature. Chlorophylls' spectrum characteristics are critical for harvesting light energy and converting absorbed light energy into chemical energy for photosynthesis. Citrus species' leaf colour and photosynthetic activity are both influenced by chlorophyll concentration, just as other plants. The amount of chlorophyll in a leaf impacts the plant's photosynthetic capacity per unit area of leaf, as well as stress and nutritional deficits. District variation in chlorophyll concentration among the examined species was discovered in the study.

Author (s) Details

Dr.MoheshGogoi
Department of Botany, Science College, Kokrajhar, BTR, Assam, Pin-783370, India.


MiniswrangBasumatary
Institutional Biotech Hub, Science College, Kokrajhar, BTR, Assam, Pin-783370, India.


View Book :-https://stm.bookpi.org/RPPSR-V2/article/view/2673

Toward Elicitation of Bioactive Secondary Compounds with Environmentally Sound Plant Treatments: Insight into the Balance between Photosynthetic Primary and Kaempferol Accumulating Secondary Metabolism Using Young Soybean Plants | Chapter 2 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 10

 There are few environmentally friendly plant treatments that can impose mild physiological stress and induce bioaccumulation of useful phytochemicals like kaempferols. In young greenhouse-grown soy plants, we tested ABA foliar application at 100 or 200 M, as well as two types of leaf wounding, piercing or hole punching. The same leaf was used to measure gas exchange and A/Ci response, PSII, pigments, and antiradical activity, while the leaf above was used to measure kaempferols. When compared to the control, ABA 200 M-treated plants had 20% less gas exchange and 17% less ETR, but higher Vcmax and Jmax. They had 55% and 100% more stomatal limitation to Pnet and PSII, respectively. in comparison to the control Leaf-wounded plants exhibited the least stomatal limitation to Pnet or PSII. When compared to the control, leaf piercing increased chlorophylls by 39% and carotenoids by 38%. Six kaempferols were identified as mono-, di-, and triglycosides. When compared to the control, each leaf treatment increased total kaempferol yield by 42 percent in the ABA 100 M treatment and 68 percent in the ABA 200 M treatment. In general, kaempferol yields in ABA 100 M were positively correlated with Pnet. Pnet in leaf-pierced plants was negatively correlated with gs in ABA 200 M-treated plants and positively correlated with gs in ABA 200 M-treated plants. The findings of this study show that environmentally friendly foliar treatments can significantly increase kaempferol yield and thus phytochemical or nutritional quality of soy leaves. ABA application and wounding had different effects on the relationship between photosynthetic primary metabolism and kaempferol accumulation. ABA application and wounding are both promising leaf treatments for increasing kaempferol levels in young soy leaves.

Author (S) Details

H. H. Ratnayaka
Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA-70125, US.

S. Boue
USDA-ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, LA 70124, US.

T. Dinh
Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA-70125, US.

S. B. Le
Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA-70125, US.

R. Cherubin
Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA-70125, US.

View Book :-  https://stm.bookpi.org/CRAS-V10/article/view/1559

The Intrinsic Chemistry of Melanin Modifies Radically Current Concepts about the Bioenergetics of Photosynthesis: A Review | Chapter 6 | Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 7

 Bioenergetics is the study of the continuous energy transformation in biological systems, according to biochemistry. Cell biology, biochemistry, and biophysics are all branches of this field. Bioenergetics is a branch of biochemistry concerned with energy transfer in living organisms and processes. So far, respiration, which is thought to be essential for the survival of plants and animals, has been explained as follows: a cell uses oxygen to break down molecules, and during this process, complex organic molecules are broken down into simpler inorganic compounds, releasing energy. The process of photosynthesis replenishes the complex organic molecules and oxygen needed for respiration and thus life. Sunlight is the only source of radiant energy that is always present in nature. As a result, this radiant energy is converted into chemical energy in photosynthesis, with oxygen emitted as a by-product. Only chlorophyll-containing plants and related pigments are theoretically capable of converting solar energy into photochemical energy. However, our discovery of melanin's inherent ability to convert visible and invisible light into chemical energy through the dissociation of the water molecule disrupts old paradigms and ushers in new ones.

Author (s) Details

Arturo Solís Herrera
Centre of Studies in Photosynthesis in Humans, Aguascalientes 20000, México.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RRAB-V7/article/view/838